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model-based control of Torque and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions in a Euro VI 3.0 L Diesel Engine through Rapid Prototyping

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ENERGIES 2021年第4期14卷 1107页

作者： d'Ambrosio, Stefano Finesso, Roberto Hardy, Gilles Manelli, Andrea Mancarella, Alessandro Marello, Omar Mittica, Antonio Politecn Torino Dept Energy Corso Duca Abruzzi 24 I-10129 Turin Italy FPT Motorenforsch AG Schlossgasse 2 CH-9320 Arbon Switzerland

In the present paper, a model-based controller of engine torque and engine-out Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, which was previously developed and tested by means of offline simulations, has been validated on a FPT F1C 3.0 L diesel engine by means of rapid prototyping. With reference to the previous version, a new NOx model has been implemented to improve robustness in terms of NOx prediction. The experimental tests have confirmed the basic functionality of the controller in transient conditions, over different load ramps at fixed engine speeds, over which the average RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) values for the control of NOx emissions were of the order of 55-90 ppm, while the average RMSE values for the control of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) were of the order of 0.25-0.39 bar. However, the test results also highlighted the need for further improvements, especially concerning the effect of the engine thermal state on the NOx emissions in transient operation. Moreover, several aspects, such as the check of the computational time, the impact of the controller on other pollutant emissions, or on the long-term engine operations, will have to be evaluated in future studies in view of the controller implementation on the engine control unit.

关键词： torque nitrogen oxide emissions model-based control diesel engines

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Self-enhancing model-based control for active transient protection and thrust response improvement of gas turbine aero-engines

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ENERGY 2022年 242卷 123030-123030页

作者： Wei, Zhiyuan Zhang, Shuguang Jafari, Soheil Nikolaidis, Theoklis Beihang Univ Res Inst Aeroengine Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Sch Transportat Sci & Engn Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Cranfield Univ Ctr Prop Engn Sch Aerosp Transport & Mfg Cranfield MK43 0AL Beds England

A self-enhancing active transient protection (SeATP) control approach using model-based strategies is proposed for gas turbine aero-engines, which aims at pro-actively handling surge margin limit and turbine entry temperature limit over the life cycle. The feature of SeATP is a bank of self-enhancing loops with periodically updated controller parameters for different flight cycles. This is realized by an off-line gain tuning via global optimization approach. Additionally, a sensor-based baseline controller and a model-based active transient protection (ATP) controller (with fixed gains) are developed as comparison bases. Numerical simulations for the examined controllers are carried on a validated aero-thermal turbofan engine model for idle to full-power acceleration tests in Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulation results demonstrate that ATP controller owns a considerable thrust response improvement for both the new engine and a severely degraded engine, compared with the baseline controller. Moreover, the proposed SeATP controller ensures a 65.77% recovery rate of thrust response deviation caused by the ATP controller for the degraded engine. Particularly, a low transient surge margin trajectory and a high turbine entry temperature route are fulfilled by the SeATP controller. SeATP controller also shows better robustness performance for degradation variation than ATP controller. Hence, the SeATP control performance is confirmed. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Self-enhancing active transient protection model-based control Gas turbine aero-engine Performance improvement Degradation

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model-based control for Fed-Batch Enzymatic Hydrolysis Reactor of Lignocellulosic Biomass 6

Model-Based Control for Fed-Batch Enzymatic Hydrolysis React...

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6th International Conference on control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR)

作者： Areeya, Sukunya Tawai, Atthasit Sriariyanun, Malinee King Mongkuts Univ Technol NorthBangkok Sirindhorn Int Thai German Grad Sch Engn Dept Mech & Proc Engn Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781728161396

In this study, model predictive control (MPC) based on a semi-mechanistic model with sugar products as a competitive inhibitor was developed for the fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of a dilute acid pretreated of lignocellulosic biomass. A classical proportional integral derivative (PID) controller cannot guarantee a satisfactory response. Therefore, to improve the controller response of more complicated systems such as nonlinear processes that need a more efficient control system, the model-based control strategies are needed. Generic model control (GMC) which is a simple structure as PM controller and MPC controller which is applying the advanced optimization algorithm to minimize the error of input variable deviations and predicted output variables are implemented to control the glucose concentration by the manipulation of the dilution rate. The performance of MPC controller is compared to PM and GMC controller. For the results of controller performance, MPC is the most superior controller assessed by settling time and performance criterions in terms of the Integral of Absolute value of Error (IAE) and Integral of Square of Error (ISE).

关键词： model predictive control the semi-mechanistic model the fed-batch reactor enzymatic hydrolysis process lignocellulosic biomass model-based control

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Study on Design Method of Combustion Reference Values for model-based control of Advanced Diesel Engine

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2022年第2期144卷 021010-021010页

作者： Kim, Jihoon Yamasaki, Yudai Univ Tokyo Dept Mech Engn Tokyo Japan

model-based control systems are drawing attention in relation to implementing advanced combustion technologies with high thermal efficiency and low emissions, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition and premixed charge compression ignition combustion, having low robustness. A model-based control system for engine combustion derives control inputs based on reference values and operating conditions in each cycle. Thus, it can replace the conventional control map, which necessitates a significant number of experiments. However, model-based control for combustion requires reference values, such as heat-release-rate peak timing and value, which represent the combustion state. In addition, because model-based control systems derive control inputs cycle by cycle, the combustion reference for the transient condition is critical for maximizing the benefit of such systems. Therefore, this study describes a design method of the combustion reference values for transient operation. The combustion method targeted in this study is a premixed compression ignition combustion that exhibits two-stage heat releases and can reduce combustion noise. Particularly, a method using predicted future operating conditions considering the driving characteristics is proposed. Designed combustion reference values with the proposed method were evaluated with engine control experiments in a certain part of worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle. Results indicate that the rate of achieving the desired two-stage heat releases combustion improved from 57% to 81% and combustion noise reduced. Thus, designing the combustion reference values for transient operation by considering future operating conditions is effective to ensure advanced combustion. In addition, such a method can consider the driving characteristics.

关键词： combustion control diesel engine model-based control premixed combustion heat release rate

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Co-Design of Distributed model-based control and Event-Triggering Scheme for Load Frequency Regulation in Smart Grids

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS 2020年第9期50卷 3311-3319页

作者： Liu, Shichao Luo, Wensheng Wu, Ligang Carleton Univ Dept Elect Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada Harbin Inst Technol Sch Astronaut Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

In this paper, one new distributed load frequency regulation approach is proposed for smart power system operation under two specific practical constraints, including the limited communication resource and speed droop parametric uncertainty. To address these two constraints, the co-design of event-triggering communication scheme and distributed model-based controller is studied. Instead of using zero-order holders, the proposed model-based scheme is able to extend the maximum allowable time interval and thus reduce communication bandwidth usage. In the meantime, the proposed co-design scheme is able to get the model-based control parameters and event-triggering condition metrics simultaneously. This can loosen the conservation in the choice of control gains and event-triggering parameters faced by existing approaches where the control gains are fixed in prior. Comparisons on the multiple-area system confirm that this designed load frequency regulation method significantly reduces the number of required data transmissions without sacrificing the dynamic performance of the frequency and tie-line power. It is also shown that the proposed approach has great robustness to speed droop coefficient uncertainty.

关键词： Load modeling Uncertainty Power system dynamics Frequency control Observers Power grids Event-triggering condition frequency regulation model-based control uncertainties

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model-based Adaptive control of a 3D Printed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

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ENGINEERING LETTERS 2023年第4期31卷 1804页

作者： Velarde-Gomez, Sergio Molina-Cabrera, Alexander Giraldo, Eduardo Univ Tecnol Pereira Elect Engn Res Grp Automat Control Pereira Colombia Univ Tecnol Pereira Res Grp Electromegnet Fields Pereira Colombia Univ Tecnol Pereira Dept Elect Engn Res Grp Automat Control Pereira Colombia

This work proposes an Arduino-based real-time adaptive speed control of a 3D-printed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The PMSM is designed and printed in PETG using a nine-pair poles structure with a Halbach array approach for the magnets. A modularity strategy is used in the design that facilitates that every part of the PMSM can be printed separately. The PMSM speed control is designed based on an identification stage used to model the PMSM. As a result, an adaptive transfer function is obtained from the measurements by assuming that the input is the pulse-width modulation (PWM) and the output is the rotational speed of the PMSM. Finally, the embedded model-based controller is designed based on the identified system. The system is evaluated in simulation and over a real prototype by considering speed reference changes in settling time and tracking error. Additional evaluation of the real 3D-printed PMSM performance is obtained by considering the dead zone of the system and the control effort. Finally, a thermographic test is applied over the 3D-printed PMSM to validate the material's performance under steady-state behavior. It is worth noting that the system reaches the speed reference around nine seconds, and the temperature delta in steady state is around two Celsius degrees, which validates the performance of the 3D-printed PMSM prototype and its model-based speed controller.

关键词： Arduino model-based control identification PMSM

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Experimental approach applied to practical classes on digital control systems: A contribution from model-based control theory

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2020年第2期57卷 99-132页

作者： Serra, Ginalber L. O. Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Sao Luis Maranhao Brazil

In this paper, an experimental procedure used efficiently and successfully for teaching in practical classes of digital control course for undergraduate students who are attending the fifth year in Industrial Electrical Engineering at Federal Institute of Education, Sciences and Technology, in Brazil, is presented. The adopted methodology is characterized by the following steps: modeling of the dynamic system to be controlled from experimental data, model-based digital controller design according to pre-established performance specifications and implementation of the designed digital controller. The experiments are performed on a data acquisition platform, in real time, based on high performance virtual/electronics instrumentation, at Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Applied to Technology. Results from an experimental activity, developed by students in the digital control course, illustrate the main practical aspects that must be taken into account in design and implementation of real time digital PI/PID control.

关键词： Digital control PID controller control education control laboratory model-based control

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Cylinder-specific model-based control of combustion phasing for multiple-cylinder diesel engines operating with high dilution and boost levels

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH 2020年第7期21卷 1231-1250页

作者： Sui, Wenbo Hall, Carrie M. Kapadia, Gina IIT Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn 10 West 32nd StSuite 243 Chicago IL 60615 USA

Accurate control of combustion phasing is indispensable for diesel engines due to the strong impact of combustion timing on efficiency. In this work, a non-linear combustion phasing model is developed and integrated with a cylinder-specific model of intake gas. The combustion phasing model uses a knock integral model, a burn duration model, and a Wiebe function to predict CA50 (the crank angle at which 50% of the mass of fuel has burned). Meanwhile, the intake gas property model predicts the exhaust gas recirculation fraction and the in-cylinder pressure and temperature at intake valve closing for different cylinders. As such, cylinder-to-cylinder variation of the pressure and temperature at intake valves closing is also considered in this model. This combined model is simplified for controller design and validated. based on these models, two combustion phasing control strategies are explored. The first is an adaptive controller that is designed for closed-loop control and the second is a feedforward model-based control strategy for open-loop control. These two control approaches were tested in simulations for all six cylinders, and the results demonstrate that the CA50 can reach steady-state conditions within 10 cycles. In addition, the steady-state errors are less than +/- 0.1 crank angle degree with the adaptive control approach and less than +/- 1.3 crank angle degree with feedforward model-based control. The impact of errors on the control algorithms is also discussed in the article.

关键词： Combustion phasing diesel engine intake gas property prediction knock integral model model-based control adaptive control combustion control

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Process Analytical Technology (PAT) Implementation for Membrane Operations in Continuous Manufacturing of mAbs: model-based control of Single-Pass Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration

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AAPS JOURNAL 2022年第4期24卷 83-83页

作者： Thakur, Garima Masampally, Vishnu Kulkarni, Amey Rathore, Anurag S. Indian Inst Technol Delhi Dept Chem Engn New Delhi 110016 India Tata Consultancy Serv Mumbai Maharashtra India

control of single pass tangential flow ultrafiltration (SPTFF) is crucial for continuous manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Integrating SPTFF technology into continuous manufacturing trains requires successful resolution of several challenges that arise due to the complexity of mass transfer interactions across multi-membrane configurations, the significant effect of feed material attributes and process variability on flux, and the need for advanced scheduling. In this paper, we propose a real-time, automated monitoring and control strategy for SPTFF in continuous processing of mAbs. The approach leverages a previously developed model for predicting the VCF across an SPTFF module based on the gel polarization model of protein ultrafiltration. A distributed control system (DCS) architecture was created for integrating the monitoring sensors and control elements, including NIRS sensors for concentration monitoring, as well as weighing balances, pressure sensors, pumps, and valves. Two different SPTFF control strategies were developed, firstly for final formulation of the drug product into the drug substance (ultrafiltration and diafiltration), and secondly for in-line concentration between two chromatography steps. Case studies were designed with 15 runs to test the strategy with a range of deviations induced in the feed and process conditions. The retentate concentration was controlled to within 10% of the target value in all runs. The combination of real-time sensor data and model-based control effectively enabled automated and tightly controlled operation of the SPTFF step and is a key enabler of quality by design in continuous mAb manufacturing.

关键词： Ultrafiltration Monoclonal antibody model-based control Single pass tangential flow filtration (SPTFF) Distributed control system (DCS)

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A daylight-linked shading strategy for automated blinds based on model-based control and Radial Basis Function (RBF) optimization

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2020年 177卷 106854-106854页

作者： Luo, Zhaoyang Sun, Cheng Dong, Qi Harbin Inst Technol Sch Architecture Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Minist Ind & Informat Technol Key Lab Cold Reg Urban & Rural Human Settlement E Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

Addressing both daylight maximization and glare control over the entire workplace is always challenging for developing the automated shading control system. For the sake of cost and space usage, it is impractical to mount multiple sensors or cameras for real-time daylight environment monitoring to guarantee the control precision. Cut-off control is popular while it cannot attenuate the glare caused by excessive diffuse daylight. This paper introduces a model-based shading control for predetermining shading positions at each time step. A Useful Daylight Illuminance paradigm modality called rUDI is proposed as a variable criterion added to assist the cut-off strategy for further eliminating glare. The controller could be developed through real-time daylight simulations and an optimizer based on the surrogate model. This method was implemented in a full-scale office in Harbin, China. The surrogate model grounded on the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF) was trained, validated and test with the experimental data sets. The control strategy was further incorporated with an adaptive light-switch model. The comparative simulations were conducted, and their corresponding results were generated for evaluating their performance in visual comfort, daylighting and electrical energy savings, demonstrating the advantages of the proposed control approach in terms of its adequate performance.

关键词： Automated shading model-based control Daylight simulation Radial basis Function Surrogate model Supervised learning

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