softwaredevelopment for information systems can be characterized by the development of three kinds of models: (1) business models for business goals and requirements, (2) logical models for the solution design, and (...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781733632584
softwaredevelopment for information systems can be characterized by the development of three kinds of models: (1) business models for business goals and requirements, (2) logical models for the solution design, and (3) physical models for actual implementation. The concept of transactions can beneficially be applied to these models. Past efforts for applying low-level transaction concepts to higher-level models focused on the atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) properties supported by traditional relational DBMS. We propose a novel transaction model that (1) refines the formalism of the ACID properties, and (2) adds blockchain-inspired formalism and properties including statefulness, privacy, and accountability. It supports transaction decomposition to sub-transactions, thus enabling multilayered transactions. The proposed model is based on our experience on developing a proof-of-concept prototypical model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) model repository using the blockchain platform Hyperledger's Fabric. A use case of the prototype is used as the illustrative example.
It is of utmost importance to maintain digital sovereignty in the context of Industry 4.0 and data-driven business models. As data itself becomes a valuable asset, this is a challenge that many companies have to face....
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ISBN:
(数字)9783030830144
ISBN:
(纸本)9783030830137;9783030830144
It is of utmost importance to maintain digital sovereignty in the context of Industry 4.0 and data-driven business models. As data itself becomes a valuable asset, this is a challenge that many companies have to face. This is particularly true as data sharing with third parties is a mandatory component of many modern business models. For its participants, the International Data Spaces (IDS) provide an ecosystem that supports the establishment and protection of their digital sovereignty. In this extended paper, we present the requirements in the area of usage control that have emerged from the IDS. We recapitulate the current state of the domain-specific language D degrees, which has usage control mechanisms as a core functionality. We then introduce extensions to the policy system of D degrees and the language itself to meet these requirements. We demonstrate how the policy system can be extended by label-based mechanisms in order to increase the expressiveness of the policy system. These mechanisms can be used to attach metadata to data as well as other language components of D degrees and therefore allow easy tracing of data and sharing of information between language components such as policies. We introduce a mechanism to D degrees that allows to dynamically map external identifiers (like the ones used in the IDS) to those used in D degrees. This allows D degrees to be combined with other usage control solutions as it facilitates the use of global identities that exceed D degrees.
In order to solve the problems of description and verification of semantic properties in modeldrivendevelopment, process algebra is introduced on the basis of extending typed category theory. A unified semantic desc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450387354
In order to solve the problems of description and verification of semantic properties in modeldrivendevelopment, process algebra is introduced on the basis of extending typed category theory. A unified semantic description framework is established for the description and transformation of component-based softwaremodels, as well as the maintenance and verification of semantic properties in the process of model transformation. Category diagram is used to describe the semantics of architecture model, and typed morphism implies the dependency relationship between component objects, and typed functor is used to describe the mappingmechanism before and aftermodel transformation. Application research shows that the framework well follows the essence and process requirements of model-drivendevelopment, and provides a new guidance framework for understanding, cognitive learning and promotion of softwaredevelopment research on the basis of model transformation.
Bidirectional incremental model transformations are crucial for supporting round-trip engineering in model-driven software development. A variety of domain-specific languages (DSLs) have been proposed for the declarat...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897584879
Bidirectional incremental model transformations are crucial for supporting round-trip engineering in model-driven software development. A variety of domain-specific languages (DSLs) have been proposed for the declarative specification of bidirectional transformations. Unfortunately, previous proposals fail to provide the expressiveness required for solving practically relevant bidirectional transformation problems. To address this shortcoming, we propose a layered approach: On the declarative level, a bidirectional transformation is specified concisely in a small and light-weight external DSL. From this specification, code is generarated into an object-oriented framework, on top of which the behavior of the transformation may be complemented and adapted in an imperative internal DSL. An evaluation with the help of a well-known transformation case demonstrates that this layered hybrid approach is both concise and expressive, and also scalable.
The continuous improvement of the performance of computing units makes it possible to cope with increasingly complex tasks. This results in more complex software systems. However, the development of such highly comple...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783030674441;9783030674458
The continuous improvement of the performance of computing units makes it possible to cope with increasingly complex tasks. This results in more complex software systems. However, the development of such highly complex systems is difficult to achieve using traditional approaches. Concepts like model-driven software development can weaken this problem in these constructive phases. However, new challenges arise for the testing of development artifacts. In order to be able to perform a real shift left of verification and validation tasks towards early phases of development, we present a semi-formal approach that enables users to execute test cases against the system under development (SUD) on the model-level. Grounded on an Integrated model Basis which is created and maintained during development, test reports are automatically derived. This opens up a wide range of possibilities for early and targeted troubleshooting.
To support the vision of Industry 4.0 and smart factories, manufacturing companies need to evolve their machines towards intelligent, connected cyber-physical systems (CPS). software is at the heart of these digital t...
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To support the vision of Industry 4.0 and smart factories, manufacturing companies need to evolve their machines towards intelligent, connected cyber-physical systems (CPS). software is at the heart of these digital transformation processes. OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) is an industrial standard for horizontal and vertical communication of CPS. The adoption of OPC UA has a significant impact on the design of industrial production systems and on the development process. In this paper, we report on our experiences of migrating a heterogeneous software stack of a series machine production company to OPC UA. We show that automated approaches (i.e., static code analysis, code generation, and documentation generation) are the foundation for a holistic approach for working with OPC UA across different system layers and development teams. Further, we outline challenges we have identified during the migration process.
softwaremodeling is considered as the high-level design technique for describing abstract statements about software systems. While some practitioners create models for the early analysis of their design decisions and...
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softwaremodeling is considered as the high-level design technique for describing abstract statements about software systems. While some practitioners create models for the early analysis of their design decisions and generating code from their models, some practitioners create models for the eased communication among sta- keholders. There also exist practitioners who ignore modeling and directly proceed with coding. We aim in this paper to understand the challenges that practitioners face with in their softwaremodeling activities. We sur- veyed 80 practitioners from 18 countries who work in 18 different industries. We focussed on 8 categories of softwaremodeling challenges: (i) managing the language complexity, (ii) extending modeling languages, (iii) domain -specific modeling environments, (iv) developing formal modeling languages, (v) analysing models, (vi) separation of concerns, (vii) transforming models, and (viii) managing models. As the results show, the se- paration of concerns is the least challenging category for practitioners, while analysing models is the top challenging category. Various concrete challenges in different categories have been observed, including (i) using the modeling languages with steep learning -curve, (ii) extending the language semantics without inconsistencies and updating the language tools accordingly, (iii) evolving the DSL tools with new requirements, (iv) defining the languages? formal semantics in terms of the translations in any formal languages, (v) decomposing models into separate viewpoints and analysing the consistencies between different viewpoint models, (vi) the consistent model transformation and the model synchronisations, (vii) using model checkers for formal analysis, and (viii) versioning models.
In order to solve the problems of description and verification of semantic properties in modeldrivendevelopment, process algebra is introduced on the basis of extending typed category theory. A unified semantic desc...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781450387354
In order to solve the problems of description and verification of semantic properties in modeldrivendevelopment, process algebra is introduced on the basis of extending typed category theory. A unified semantic description framework is established for the description and transformation of component-based softwaremodels, as well as the maintenance and verification of semantic properties in the process of model transformation. Category diagram is used to describe the semantics of architecture model, and typed morphism implies the dependency relationship between component objects, and typed functor is used to describe the mapping mechanism before and after model transformation. Application research shows that the framework well follows the essence and process requirements of model-drivendevelopment, and provides a new guidance framework for understanding, cognitive learning and promotion of softwaredevelopment research on the basis of model transformation.
During the development of large software-intensive systems, developers use several modeling lan-guages and tools to describe a system from different viewpoints. model-driven and view-based technologies have made it ea...
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During the development of large software-intensive systems, developers use several modeling lan-guages and tools to describe a system from different viewpoints. model-driven and view-based technologies have made it easier to define domain-specific languages and transformations. Nevertheless, using several languages leads to fragmentation of information, to redundancies in the system description, and eventually to inconsistencies. Inconsistencies have negative impacts on the system's quality and are costly to fix. Often, there is no support for consistency management across multiple languages. Using a single language is no practicable solution either, as it is overly complex to define, use, and evolve such a language. View-based development is a suitable approach to deal with complex systems, and is widely used in other engineering disciplines. Still, we need to cope with the problems of fragmentation and consistency. In this paper, we present the VITRUVIUS approach for consistency in view-based modeling. We describe the approach by formalizing the notion of consistency, presenting languages for consistency preservation, and defining a model-drivendevelopment process. Furthermore, we show how existing models can be integrated. We have evaluated our approach at two case studies from component-based and embedded automotive softwaredevelopment, using our prototypical implementation based on the Eclipse modeling Framework. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).
Textual user stories capture interactions of users with the system as high-level requirements. However, user stories are typically rather short and backlogs can include many stories. This makes it hard to (a) maintain...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450375122
Textual user stories capture interactions of users with the system as high-level requirements. However, user stories are typically rather short and backlogs can include many stories. This makes it hard to (a) maintain user stories and backlogs, (b) fully understand the scope of a software project without a detailed analysis of the backlog, and (c) analyse how user stories impact design decisions during sprint planning and implementation. This paper proposes a technique to automatically transform textual user stories into visual use case scenarios in the form of robustness diagrams (a semi-formal scenario-based visualisation of workflows). In addition to creating diagrams for individual stories, the technique allows combining diagrams of multiple stories into one diagram to visualise workflows within sets of stories (e.g., a backlog). Moreover, the technique supports "viewpoint-based" diagrams, i.e., diagrams that show relationships between actors, domain entities and user interfaces starting from a diagram element (e.g., an actor) selected by the analyst. The technique utilises natural language processing and rule-based transformations. We evaluated the technique with more than 1,400 user stories from 22 backlogs and show that (a) the technique generates syntactically valid robustness diagrams, and ( b) the quality of automatically generated robustness diagrams compares to the quality of diagrams created by human experts, but depends on the quality of the textual user stories.
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