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A model-driven framework to enhance the consistency of logical integrity constraints: Introducing integrity regression testing

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2019年第2期49卷 274-300页

作者： Abadeh, Maryam Nooraei Ajoudanian, Shohreh Islamic Azad Univ Abadan Branch Dept Comp Engn Abadan Iran Islamic Azad Univ Najafabad Branch Fac Comp Engn Najafabad Iran

Although the importance of models continuously grows in software development, common development approaches are less able to integrate the automatic management of model integrity into the development process. These critically important constraints may ensure the coherence of models in the evolution process to prevent manipulations that could violate defined constraints on a model. This paper proposes an integrity framework in the context of model-driven architecture to achieve sufficient structural code coverage at a higher program representation level than machine code. Our framework offers to propagate the modifications from a platform-independent specification to the corresponding test template model while keeping the consistency and integrity constraints after system evolution. To examine the efficiency of the proposed framework, a quantitative analysis plan is evaluated based on two experimental case studies. In addition, we propose coverage criteria for integrity regression testing (IRT), derived from logic coverage criteria that apply different conceptual levels of testing for the formulation of integrity requirements. The defined criteria for IRT reduce the inherent complexity and cost of verifying complex design changes in regression testing while keeping the fault detection capability with respect to the changes. The framework aims to keep pace with IRT in a formal way. The framework can solve a number of restricted outlooks in model integrity and some limiting factors of incremental maintenance and retesting. The framework satisfies several valuable quality attributes in software testing, such as safety percentage, precision, abstract fault detection performance measurable coverage level, and generality.

关键词： change history model consistency integrity rule logic coverage model-driven testing model transformation regression testing

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model-based testing for software safety: a systematic mapping study

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SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2018年第4期26卷 1327-1372页

作者： Gurbuz, Havva Gulay Tekinerdogan, Bedir Wageningen Univ Informat Technol Grp Wageningen Netherlands

testing safety-critical systems is crucial since a failure or malfunction may result in death or serious injuries to people, equipment, or environment. An important challenge in testing is the derivation of test cases that can identify the potential faults. model-based testing adopts models of a system under test and/or its environment to derive test artifacts. This paper aims to provide a systematic mapping study to identify, analyze, and describe the state-of-the-art advances in model-based testing for software safety. The systematic mapping study is conducted as a multi-phase study selection process using the published literature in major software engineering journals and conference proceedings. We reviewed 751 papers and 36 of them have been selected as primary studies to answer our research questions. Based on the analysis of the data extraction process, we discuss the primary trends and approaches and present the identified obstacles. This study shows that model-based testing can provide important benefits for software safety testing. Several solution directions have been identified, but further research is critical for reliable model-based testing approach for safety.

关键词： model-based testing model-driven testing Software safety Systematic mapping study

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testing Context-Aware Applications Based on Bigraphical modeling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY 2016年第3期65卷 1584-1611页

作者： Yu, Lian Tsai, Wei-Tek Perrone, Gian Peking Univ Sch Software & Microelect Beijing 102600 Peoples R China Arizona State Univ Sch Comp Informat & Decis Syst Tempe AZ 85287 USA IT Univ Copenhagen Proc Models Res Grp DK-2300 Copenhagen Denmark

Context-aware applications often consist of a middleware and a collection of services, and run autonomously adaptive to changing environments with sensors installed in physical facilities and end-users moving around. testing such applications is challenging due to the complex interactions with the environments. This paper proposes a model-based testing approach that extends a bigraphical sorting predicate logic to specify constraints and create a meta-model, then builds a domain-specific model with static structures and dynamic behaviors based on the bigraphical meta-model, and uses the domain-specific model to describe the environments. Tracing the interactions between the environment model and the application model generates test cases to verify the interactions between the environments and applications. To decrease the number of test cases, this paper proposes a bigraphical pattern-flow testing and a backward-derivation testing. A case study of airport applications demonstrates the fault detection capabilities and reductions of test cases by comparing with other test strategies.

关键词： Backward derivation model-driven testing modeling the environment of context-aware applications pattern-flow testing simulation testing with bigraphs

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model-in-the-Loop testing of a Railway Interlocking System 3rd

Model-in-the-Loop Testing of a Railway Interlocking System

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3rd International Conference on model-driven Engineering and Software Development (modelSWARD)

作者： Scippacercola, Fabio Pietrantuono, Roberto Russo, Stefano Zentai, Andras Univ Naples Federico II DIETI Via Claudio 21 I-80125 Naples Italy Prolan Proc Control Co H-2011 Budakalasz Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9783319278698;9783319278681

model-driven techniques offer new solutions to support development and verification and validation (V&V) activities of software-intensive systems. As they can reduce costs, and ease the certification process as well, they are attractive also in safety-critical domains. We present an approach for model-in-the-loop testing within an OMG-based model-driven process, aimed at supporting system V&V activities. The approach is based on the definition of a model of the system environment, named Computation Independent Test (CIT) model. The CIT enables various forms of system test, allowing early detection of design faults. We show the benefits of the approach with reference to a pilot project that is part of a railway interlocking system. The system, required to be CEN-ELEC SIL-4 compliant, has been provided by the Hungarian company Prolan Co. in the context of an industrial-academic partnership.

关键词： model-driven Engineering Safety-critical systems model-driven testing

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modeling test cases for security protocols with SecureMDD

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2014年第1期58卷 99-111页

作者： Katkalov, Kuzman Moebius, Nina Stenzel, Kurt Borek, Marian Reif, Wolfgang Univ Augsburg Augsburg Germany Dept Software Engn Augsburg Germany Univ Ulm D-89069 Ulm Germany

Designing and executing test cases for security-critical protocols is a technically complicated and tedious process. SecureMDD is a model-driven approach that enables development of security-critical applications based on cryptographic protocols. In this paper we introduce a method which combines the model-driven approach used in SecureMDD with the design of functional and security tests. We construct and evaluate new modeling guidelines that allow the modeler to easily define such test cases during the modeling stage. We also implement model transformation routines to generate runnable tests for actual implementation of applications developed with SecureMDD. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： model-driven testing Security protocols Security tests model-driven software development Unit tests

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Automated generation of test oracles using a model-driven approach

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2013年第2期55卷 301-319页

作者： Perez Lamancha, Beatriz Polo, Macario Caivano, Danilo Piattini, Mario Visaggio, Giuseppe Republ Univ Software Testing Ctr Montevideo Uruguay Univ Castilla La Mancha Alarcos Res Grp E-13071 Ciudad Real Spain Univ Bari Dipartimento Informat Bari Italy

Context: Software development time has been reduced with new development tools and paradigms, testing must accompany these changes. In order to release software products in a timely manner as well as to minimise the impact of possible errors introduced during maintenance interventions, testing automation has become a central goal. Whilst research has produced significant results in test case generation and tools for test case (re)-execution, one of the most important open problems in testing is the automation of oracle generation. The oracle decides whether the program under test has or has not behaved correctly and then issues a pass/fail verdict. In most cases, writing the oracle is a time-consuming activity that, moreover, is manual in most cases. Objective: This article automates two important steps in the test oracle: obtention of expected output and its comparison with the actual output, using a model-driven approach. Method: The oracle automation problem is resolved using a model-driven framework, based on OMG standards: UML is used as metamodel and QVT and MOF2Text as transformation languages. The automated testing framework takes the models that describe the system as input, using UML notation and derives from them the test model and then the test code, following a model-driven approach. Test oracle procedures are obtained from a UML state machine. Results: A complete executable test case at functional test level is obtained, composed of a test procedure with parametrized input test data and expected result automation. Conclusion: The oracle automation is obtained using a model-driven approach, test cases are obtained automatically from UML models. The model-driven testing framework was applied to an industrial application and has been useful to testing automation for the main functionalities in the system. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software testing Automated test oracle model-driven testing UML state machine model to text transformation

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Improving Conformance of Web Services: A Constraint-based model-driven Approach

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON THE WEB 2023年第2期17卷 1–36页

作者： Sun, Chang-Ai Fu, An Jia, Jingting Li, Meng Han, Jun Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Beijing Key Lab Integrat & Anal Large Scale Strea Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Swinburne Univ Technol Melbourne Vic 3122 Australia

Web services have been widely used to develop complex distributed software systems in the context of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). As a standard for describing Web services, the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) provides a universal mechanism to describe the service's functionalities for the service consumers. However, the current WSDL only provides the description of the interfaces to a Web Service without any restrictions or assumptions on how to properly invoke the service, resulting in divergent understanding of the Web service's behavior between the service developer and service consumer. A particular challenge is how to make explicit the various behavior assumptions and restrictions of a service (for the user), and make sure that the service implementation conforms to them (for the developer). In this article, we propose a constraint-based model-driven approach to improving the behavior conformance of Web services. In our approach, constraints are introduced in an extended WSDL, called CxWSDL, to formally and explicitly express the implicit restrictions and assumptions on the behavior of a Web service, and then the predefined constraints are used to derive test cases in a model-driven manner to test the service implementation's conformance to its behavior constraints from the user's perspective. An empirical study involving four real-life Web services was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, and four actual inconsistencies were discovered.

关键词： Web services conformance testing model-driven testing test case generation

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Automatic generation of built-in contract test drivers

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modelING 2014年第3期13卷 1141-1165页

作者： Alves, Everton L. G. Machado, Patricia D. L. Ramalho, Franklin Fed Univ Campina Grande UFCG Software Practices Lab SPLab Campina Grande Brazil

Automatic generation of platform-independent and -dependent built-in contract test drivers that check pairwise interactions between client and server components is presented, focusing on the built-in contract testing (BIT) method and the model-driven testing approach. Components are specified by UML diagrams that define the contract between client and server, independent of a specific platform. MDA approaches are applied to formalize and perform automatic transformations from a platform-independent model to a platform-independent test architecture according to a BIT profile. The test architecture is mapped to Java platform models and then to test code. All these transformations are specified by a set of transformation rules written in the Atlas Transformation Language (ATL) that are automatically performed by the ATL engine. The solution named the MoBIT tool is applied to case studies in order to investigate the expected benefits and challenges to be faced.

关键词： model-driven testing Built-in contract testing MDA

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From use case maps to executable test procedures: a scenario-based approach

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modelING 2019年第2期18卷 1543-1570页

作者： Kesserwan, Nader Dssouli, Rachida Bentahar, Jamal Stepien, Bernard Labreche, Pierre Concordia Univ CIISE Montreal PQ Canada Univ Ottawa Formal Descript Tech Ottawa ON Canada Esterline CMC Elect Montreal PQ Canada

testing embedded systems software has become a costly activity as these systems become more complex to fulfill rising needs. testing processes should be both effective and affordable. An ideal testing process should begin with validated requirements and begin as early as possible so that requirements defects can be fixed before they propagate and become more difficult to address. Furthermore, the testing process should facilitate test procedures creation and automate their execution. We propose a novel methodology for testing functional requirements. The methodology activities include standard notations, such as UCM for modeling scenarios derived from requirements, TDL for describing test cases and TTCN-3 for executing test procedures;other test scripting languages can also be used with our methodology. Furthermore, the automation of the methodology generates test artifacts through model transformation. The main goals of this test methodology are to leverage requirements represented as scenarios, to replace the natural language test case descriptions with test scenarios in TDL, and to generate executable test procedures. Demonstration of the feasibility of the proposed approach is based on a public case study. An empirical evaluation of our approach is given using a case study from the avionics domain.

关键词： model-driven testing testing methodology Embedded systems Test generation TTCN-3 TDL UCM

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A model-driven approach for functional test case generation

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2015年 109卷 214-228页

作者： Gutierrez, J. J. Escalona, M. J. Mejias, M. Univ Seville Dept Comp Languages & Syst ETS Ingn Informat Res Grp IWT2 Seville Spain

Test phase is one of the most critical phases in software engineering life cycle to assure the final system quality. In this context, functional system test cases verify that the system under test fulfills its functional specification. Thus, these test cases are frequently designed from the different scenarios and alternatives depicted in functional requirements. The objective of this paper is to introduce a systematic process based on the model-driven paradigm to automate the generation of functional test cases from functional requirements. For this aim, a set of metamodels and transformations and also a specific language domain to use them is presented. The paper finishes stating learned lessons from the trenches as well as relevant future work and conclusions that draw new research lines in the test cases generation context. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software quality assurance model-driven testing Early testing

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