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Exploring Natural Language Processing in model-to-model transformations

IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 116942-116958页

作者： Danenas, Paulius Skersys, Tomas Kaunas Univ Technol Ctr Informat Syst Design Technol LT-51423 Kaunas Lithuania Kaunas Univ Technol Dept Informat Syst LT-51368 Kaunas Lithuania

In this paper, we explore the possibility to apply natural language processing in visual model-to-model (M2M) transformations. Therefore, we present our research results on information extraction from text labels in process models modeled using Business Process modeling Notation (BPMN) and use case models depicted in Unified modeling Language (UML) using the most recent developments in natural language processing (NLP). Here, we focus on three relevant tasks, namely, the extraction of verb/noun phrases that would be used to form relations, parsing of conjunctive/disjunctive statements, and the detection of abbreviations and acronyms. Techniques combining state-of-the-art NLP language models with formal regular expressions grammar-based structure detection were implemented to solve relation extraction task. To achieve these goals, we benchmark the most recent state-of-the-art NLP tools (CoreNLP, Stanford Stanza, Flair, Spacy, AllenNLP, BERT, ELECTRA), as well as custom BERT-BiLSTM-CRF and ELMo-BiLSTM-CRF implementations, trained with certain data augmentations to improve performance on the most ambiguous cases;these tools are further used to extract noun and verb phrases from short text labels generally used in UML and BPMN models. Furthermore, we describe our attempts to improve these extractors by solving the abbreviation/acronym detection problem using machine learning-based detection, as well as process conjunctive and disjunctive statements, due to their relevance to performing advanced text normalization. The obtained results show that the best phrase extraction and conjunctive phrase processing performance was obtained using Stanza based implementation, yet, our trained BERT-BiLSTM-CRF outperformed it for the verb phrase detection task. While this work was inspired by our ongoing research on partial model-to-model transformations, we believe it to be applicable in other areas requiring similar text processing capabilities as well.

关键词： Unified modeling language Natural language processing Terminology Information analysis Solid modeling Context modeling Data mining Information extraction relation extraction acronym detection process models use-case models natural language processing model-to-model transformation

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Automated transformation of a Domain-Specific Language for System modeling to Stochastic Colored Petri Nets 18

Automated Transformation of a Domain-Specific Language for S...

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18th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)

作者： Bedini, Francesco Raeth, Timo Maschotta, Ralph Sattler, Kai-Uwe Zimmermann, Armin Tech Univ Ilmenau Syst & Software Engn Ilmenau Germany Tech Univ Ilmenau Databases & Informat Syst Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358810;9798350358803

Petri Net models are widely recognized for their ability to analyze concurrent, stochastic processes based on a solid mathematical foundation. However, one drawback of Petri Nets is their low-level abstraction: they offer only a few basic elements like places and transitions to represent all system components. While this limitation may not be an issue when working with small models, it becomes challenging when attempting to model larger processes or systems. As the complexity increases, the number of elements in the Petri Net also grows, making it difficult to distinguish and maintain them effectively. Furthermore, Petri Nets require verification to ensure that they accurately represent the behavior of the system they are intended to model. This verification process must be repeated whenever a model is created or modified. To address these challenges, this paper describes a Stochastic colored Petri Net semantics of a domain-specific language that allows modeling time-based hardware and software systems. We have developed a custom Eclipse-based framework that allows for both graphical and textual modeling, providing editors with useful features such as real-time validation of model constraints, which is not feasible at the low-level Petri Net abstraction due to the lack of contextual information. The DSL also offers the advantage of easy conversion from other modeling languages thanks to an intermediate language. From the model, valid Stochastic Colored Petri Nets (SCPNs) can be generated, which can automatically simulate certain system properties consistently. This approach aims to enhance modeling capabilities and alleviate some of the limitations associated with traditional Petri Nets.

关键词： scpn Petri Net domain-specific language model-to-model transformation

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The Guizmo Framework for Generating Final User Interfaces from Wireframes 15

The Guizmo Framework for Generating Final User Interfaces fr...

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15th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS)

作者： Sanchez Ramon, Oscar Garcia Molina, Jesus Burny, Nicolas Univ Murcia Fac Comp Sci Murcia Spain Catholic Univ Louvain Louvain Res Inst Management & Org Louvain La Neuve Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702068

We demonstrate Guizmo, a model-driven engineering framework aimed at generating final graphical user interfaces from wireframes according to the following process: (1) design a concrete user interface in a wireframe tool, (2) export/import the wireframe definition into Guizmo for generation of a wireframe model, (3) for segmenting the wireframe into regions by region detection, (4) for inferring positions and dimensions of individual interface elements, (5) in order to obtain a complete layout model that is used for generating the code of a final user interface by model-to-code generation.

关键词： model-based user interface design model-driven engineering model-to-model transformation model-to-code generation wireframes

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M2M mapping and transformation tool for labeled property graphs 42

M2M mapping and transformation tool for labeled property gra...

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42nd International Conference on Conceptual modeling: ER Forum, 7th Symposium on Conceptual modeling Education, SCME 2023, Project Exhibitions, Posters and Demos, and Doctoral Consortium, ER-Companion 2023

作者： Guimarães, Pedro León, Ana Santos, Maribel Yasmina CCG/ZGDV - ICT Innovation Institute Campus de Azurém Guimarães4800-058 Portugal ALGORITMI Research Centre University of Minho Campus de Azurém Guimarães4800-058 Portugal Universitat Politècnica de València Camí de Vera S/N Valencia Spain

Class Diagrams and Labeled Property Graphs are essential concepts in software development and are often used together in model Driven Development approaches. This paper follows up on our previous work [1] that presented a new approach to transform models based on the analytical requirements. Nevertheless, these transformations can be complex and time-consuming when not supported by any tool. This follow-up paper presents a tool that supports the systematic applicability of transformation patterns by integrating several components and technologies. The proposed solution uses a rule-based approach to detect patterns in the input Class Diagrams model, performs data transformations, and generates mappings between different data models to obtain one or more Labeled Property Graphs. © 2023 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Class Diagrams Conceptual Meta-model Labeled Property Graphs model-to-model transformation

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Towards language-to-language transformation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2021年第5期23卷 655-677页

作者： Kopetzki, Dawid Lybecait, Michael Naujokat, Stefan Steffen, Bernhard TU Dortmund Univ Dept Comp Sci Chair Programming Syst D-44227 Dortmund Germany

This paper proposes a simplicity-oriented approach and framework for language-to-language transformation of, in particular, graphical languages. Key to simplicity is the decomposition of the transformation specification into sub-rule systems that separately specify purpose-specific aspects. We illustrate this approach by employing a variation of Plotkin's Structural Operational Semantics (SOS) for pattern-based transformations of typed graphs in order to address the aspect 'computation' in a graph rewriting fashion. Key to our approach are two generalizations of Plotkin's structural rules: the use of graph patterns as the matching concept in the rules, and the introduction of node and edge types. Types do not only allow one to easily distinguish between different kinds of dependencies, like control, data, and priority, but may also be used to define a hierarchical layering structure. The resulting Type-based Structural Operational Semantics (TSOS) supports a well-structured and intuitive specification and realization of semantically involved language-to-language transformations adequate for the generation of purpose-specific views or input formats for certain tools, like, e.g., model checkers. A comparison with the general-purpose transformation frameworks ATL and Groove, illustrates along the educational setting of our graphical WebStory language that TSOS provides quite a flexible format for the definition of a family of purpose-specific transformation languages that are easy to use and come with clear guarantees.

关键词： Multi-level transformations model-to-model transformation Graph rewriting (Typed) structural operational semantics Abstraction Structural aggregation Rule systems Meta language model checking Graph pattern

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Natural language processing-enhanced extraction of SBVR business vocabularies and business rules from UML use case diagrams

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DATA & KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2020年 128卷 101822-101822页

作者： Danenas, Paulius Skersys, Tomas Butleris, Rimantas Kaunas Univ Technol Ctr Informat Syst Design Technol K Barsausko Str 59 Kaunas Lithuania Kaunas Univ Technol Dept Informat Syst Studentu Str 50 Kaunas Lithuania

Discovery, specification and proper representation of various aspects of business knowledge plays crucial part in model-driven information systems engineering, especially when it comes to the early stages of systems development. Being among the most applicable and advanced features of model-driven development, model transformation could help improving one of the most time- and resource-consuming efforts in this process, namely, discovery and specification of business vocabularies and business rules within the problem domain. One of our latest developments in this area was the solution for the automatic extraction of SBVR business vocabularies and business rules from UML use case diagrams, which was arguably one of the most comprehensive developments of this kind currently available in public. In this paper, we present an enhancement to our previous development by introducing a novel natural language processing component to it. This enhancement provides more advanced extraction capabilities (such as recognition of entities, entire noun and verb phrases, multinary associations) and better quality of the extraction results compared to our previous solution. The main contributions presented in this paper are pre- and post-processing algorithms, and two extraction algorithms using custom-trained POS tagger. Based on the related work findings, it is safe to state that the presented solution is novel and original in its approach of combining together M2M transformation of UML and SBVR models with natural language processing techniques in the field of model-driven information systems engineering.

关键词： SBVR business vocabulary and rules UML use case diagram model-to-model transformation Controlled natural language Natural language processing Information extraction

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Ontology-based Requirements transformation 5

Ontology-based Requirements Transformation

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5th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)

作者： Novacekt, Jan Viehl, Alexander Bringmann, Oliver Rosenstiel, Wolfgang FZI Forschungszentrum Informat Haid & Neu Str 10-14 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany Eberhard Karts Univ Tubingen Sand 14 D-72076 Tubingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728117836

This paper presents an ontology-based approach to the supply chain-aware transformation of functional and environmental load requirements given by so-called Mission Profiles (MPs). The approach aims at improving the efficiency of the engineering process through supporting the transformation process and enabling a better integration of the transformation into existing model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) processes. We propose a methodology and a supporting system which aids in the transformation process while the latter feature is obtained by constructing and working on models. Consequent utilization of the standardized language OWL to express model representations further enables better knowledge integration and transfer among hetero-geneous systems. In addition to that, this favors knowledge reuse across projects which can reduce overall costs. Moreover, the system enables stripping off irrelevant information from MPs, thus improving protection of intellectual property.

关键词： Systems Engineering Knowledge-Based Engineering Requirements Management Mission Profiles model-to-model transformation

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Verification and validation of declarative model-to-model transformations through invariants

Verification and validation of declarative model-to-model tr...

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作者： Lara, Juan de

学位级别：ET

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Extracting SBVR business vocabularies and business rules from UML use case diagrams

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2018年 141卷 111-130页

作者： Skersys, Tomas Danenas, Paulius Butleris, Rimantas Kaunas Univ Technol Ctr Informat Syst Design Technol K Barsausko Str 59 Kaunas Lithuania Kaunas Univ Technol Dept Informat Syst Studentu Str 50 Kaunas Lithuania

In model-driven information systems engineering, model transformations reside at the very core of this paradigm. Indeed, model transformations (in particular, model-to-model, or M2M) are a must-have feature of any modern model-driven approach supported by CASE technology. model transformations are intended to raise quality of the models under development, and also speed-up the modeling itself by bringing in certain level of automation into the development process. Nevertheless, due to certain objective reasons, the level of such automation is spread unevenly throughout the development process in this respect, Business modeling and System Analysis are, arguably, the most underdeveloped phases of the model-driven information systems development life cycle. In this paper, we show how M2M transformation technology was used to extract well-structured business vocabularies and business rules from formal use case models represented through a set of use case diagrams;Object Management Group's (OMG) standards Semantics for Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR) and Unified modeling Language (UML) were used for this purpose. The proposed solution consists of two concurrent approaches, namely, automatic and semi-automatic, which may be used selectively to achieve the best expected result. Basic implementation aspects of the solution integrating both approaches are also briefly presented in the paper. While UML use case models is the main subject in this research, the proposed solution may be adopted for other UML and MOF-based models as well. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： SBVR business vocabulary SBVR business rules UML use case diagram model-to-model transformation

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TT-BIP: using correct-by-design BIP approach for modelling real-time system with time-triggered paradigm

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INNOVATIONS IN SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2018年第2期14卷 117-142页

作者： Guesmi, Hela Ben Hedia, Belgacem Bliudze, Simon Bensalem, Saddek Lenabec, Briag ETAS GmbH Borsigstr 24 D-70469 Stuttgart Germany CEA LIST PC 172 F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette France INRIA Lille Nord Europe Parc Sci Haute Borne40 Ave Halley F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq France Univ Grenoble Alpes Verimag IMAG Bldg700 Ave Cent F-38401 St Martin Dheres France

In order to combine advantages of real-time operating systems implementing the time-triggered (TT) execution model and model-based design frameworks, we aim at proposing a correct-by-design methodology that derives correct TT implementations from high-level models. This methodology consists of two main steps: (1) transforming the high-level model into an intermediate model which respects the TT communication principles and where all communications between components are simple send/receive interactions, and (2) transforming the obtained intermediate model into the programming language of the target platform. In this paper, we focus on the presentation of the transformational methodology of the first step of this design flow. This methodology produces a correct-by-construction TT model by starting from a high-level model of the application software in behaviour, interaction, priority (BIP). BIP is a component-based framework with formal semantics that rely on multiparty interactions for synchronizing components. Commonly in TT implementations, tasks interact with each other through a communication medium. Our methodology transforms, depending on a user-defined task mapping, high-level BIP models where communication between components is strongly synchronized, into TT model that integrates a communication medium. Thus, only inter-task communications and components participating in such interactions are concerned by the transformation process. We also provide correctness proofs of the transformation and apply it on an industrial case study.

关键词： Component-based design Time-triggered paradigm model-to-model transformation Correct-by-construction transformation Formal methods

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