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Deadbeat Model Predictive Control for modular multilevel matrix converter Under Unbalanced Grid Conditions

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第1期40卷 1258-1271页

作者： Gong, Zheng Zhang, Lianchang Liu, Chongwen Yang, Zhen Wu, Xiaojie China Univ Min & Technol Sch Elect Engn Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China

The modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) is a power converter used to directly connect two three-phase ac systems, with the advantages of modularity, scalability, and high redundancy. Conventional finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) exhibits fast dynamic responses for the control of the M3C. However, its irregular pulse patterns lead to an unfixed switching frequency and larger ripples. In this article, a deadbeat model predictive control (DB-MPC) algorithm for the M3C is proposed to achieve a fixed switching frequency, lower current harmonic content, and lower computational burden, with the rapidity of the FCS-MPC preserved. Based on the proposed DB-MPC, a control strategy for the M3C under unbalanced grid conditions is proposed. The strategy aims to suppress the grid current distortions by maintaining constant grid active power, thus ensuring the power supply quality. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by the experimental results obtained from a downscaled prototype consisting of 27 submodules.

关键词： Capacitors Voltage control Prediction algorithms Switches Switching frequency Predictive control Control systems Heuristic algorithms Gold Frequency control Deadbeat model predictive control modular multilevel matrix converter unbalanced grid conditions

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A Novel Harmonic State-space Modelling Method on the modular multilevel matrix converter and Coupling Analysis

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2025年第1期11卷 78-90页

作者： Jing Li Boyang Zhao Shenquan Liu Jie Li Xiuli Wang Xifan Wang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid in Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Electrical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510641China

The fractional frequency transmission system is an emerging technology for long-distance wind power integration,and the modular multilevel matrix converter(M3C)is the keen *** the M3C directly connects two ac grids with different frequencies,the external and internal harmonics have complex coupling relationships with a unique dual-fundamental-frequency spectrum,which has not been properly investigated due to a lack of an effective *** address this issue,a novel harmonic state-space method is proposed to achieve comprehensive modelling of the harmonic dynamics of the *** on the principle of two-dimensional Fourier transform,the decomposition of the dual-fundamental-frequency harmonics is realized,and the multiplicative coupling between time-domain variables is modelled through double-layer convolution on the frequency ***,the general expression of the proposed method is provided,which highlights a modularized matrix with easy scalability to meet different truncation ***,the HSS model of M3C considering the close-loop control is established,based on which a panoramic harmonic coupling relationship between the system-and the low-frequency side is ***,the M3C model and harmonic coupling relationship are validated by simulation tests conducted in MATLAB/Simulink environment.

关键词： Harmonic state-space harmonic transmission modular multilevel matrix converter.Harmonic state-space harmonic transmission modular multilevel matrix converter

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modular multilevel matrix converter as Solid State Transformer for Medium and High Voltage AC Substations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2022年第6期37卷 5033-5043页

作者： Bravo, Pablo Pereda, Javier Merlin, Michael M. C. Neira, Sebastian Green, Timothy C. Rojas, Felix Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Dept Elect Engn Santiago 7820436 Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile UC Energy Res Ctr Santiago 7820436 Chile Univ Edinburgh Sch Engn Inst Energy Syst Edinburgh EH8 9YL Midlothian Scotland Univ Edinburgh Sch Engn Edinburgh EH8 9Y1 Midlothian Scotland Imperial Coll Dept Elect & Elect Engn London SW7 2BX England

The use of power converters as solid state transformers is an attractive solution to modernize the power network, but this solution has not been fully addressed for MV and HV substations. This paper presents a customized and simple control for the modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C), specially conceived for its operation on synchronous ports, which is the case of AC substations. The control allows bidirectional power transfer, generation/absorption of reactive power and provisions of ancillary services. The converter is compared to the back-to-back modular multilevel converter (B2B-MMC) where the key performance indicators to carry out the comparison are power efficiency, number of semiconductor devices, passive components required, footprint, voltage cell balance, fault blocking capability and stress of components. The simulation results show the features, performance and attractiveness of the M3C topology in a 33/11 kV, 16 MW substation under different operating conditions, including grid faults and dynamic operation. The M3C presents similar efficiency and performance than the B2B-MMC, but it uses fewer semiconductor devices, passive components and total cell capacitor energy than the B2B-MMC, reducing cost and footprint. The experimental results show the performance of the M3C under less ideal conditions including a substation transformer saturation and power step response.

关键词： modular multilevel matrix converter solid state transformer AC-AC power conversion power distribution smart substation smart grid

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Electromechanical Transient Modeling of the Low-Frequency AC System With modular multilevel matrix converter Stations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2024年第1期39卷 921-933页

作者： Yu, Zheyang Zhang, Zheren Xu, Zheng Zhejiang Univ Coll Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

This paper studies the electromechanical transient modeling of a low-frequency AC (LFAC) system with modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) stations. Firstly, the mathematical model of the M3C and its equivalent circuits are established. Then, an iterative power flow calculation algorithm for AC systems integrated with the M3C-LFAC system is developed. The dynamic model of the M3C for electromechanical transient simulation is studied and implemented in PSS/E. Based on a test system consisting of two asynchronousACsystemswith an embeddedM3C-LFAC system, comparisons between the electromechanical transient simulation results fromPSS/E and the electromagnetic transient simulation results from PSCAD are conducted. The results from PSS/E and PSCAD coincide with each other well, and the validity of the established electromechanical transient model is proved. Lastly, a stability study of a modified New England 39-bus system with an embedded M3C-LFAC system is executed, and the characteristics of the M3C-LFAC system are presented.

关键词： Electromechanical transient modeling power flow calculation power system stability modular multilevel matrix converter low-frequency AC

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Stability analysis and control optimisation based on particle swarm algorithm of modular multilevel matrix converter in fractional frequency transmission system

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2020年第14期14卷 2641-2655页

作者： Meng, Yongqing Li, Sijia Zou, Yichao Li, Kaikai Wang, Xiuli Wang, Xifan Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Elect Insulat & Power Equipment Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Smart Grid Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co Maintenance Branch Wuxi Operat & Maintenance Stn Wuxi Jiangsu Peoples R China

modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) is a competitive option in the fractional frequency transmission system (FFTS) application. Focusing on stability and power quality issues, this study firstly proposes a new mathematical model and control strategy. Different from the previous research, this control scheme is based on the frequency decoupling model of doubledqcoordinate transformation and the control of the sub-converter, which implements the frequency decoupling control and solves the frequency leakage problem. Subsequently, a complete state-space model and small-signal model of M3C are built for analysing small disturbance stability. On this basis, the optimisation of M3C in FFTS is studied, and an optimisation method based on particle swarm algorithm is proposed. This method can directly design the adaptive objective function according to the optimisation requirements of system control performance to simultaneously optimise all controller parameters of the system. After optimisation, the stability and dynamic performance of the system have been significantly improved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control and optimisation is verified by the simulation results in MATLAB/ Simulink.

关键词： particle swarm optimisation state-space methods power supply quality matrix convertors optimisation complete state-space model small-signal model M3C analysing small disturbance stability FFTS optimisation method particle swarm algorithm optimisation requirements system control performance controller parameters dynamic performance stability analysis modular multilevel matrix converter competitive option fractional frequency transmission system application power quality issues mathematical model control scheme frequency decoupling model frequency decoupling control frequency leakage problem

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Direct Arm Energy Control of the modular multilevel matrix converter

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 1793-1805页

作者： Utvic, Milan Bontemps, Philippe Dujic, Drazen Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Power Elect Lab CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

modular multilevel matrix converter is a type of converter used in medium-voltage ac-ac power conversion. Controlling the energy content of the converter arms is a prerequisite for a proper converter operation, and at the same time a challenging control task. So far, there are several approaches presented in the literature that successfully deal with the challenge. However, almost all of them fail when it comes to the simplicity of implementation, and ease of understanding by control engineers and researchers entering the field. This paper extends the direct arm energy control concept, already introduced for the class of modular multilevel converters, to the modular multilevel matrix converter. Presented control approach is characterized by an intuitive and simple implementation, ability to control the arm energies to arbitrary values, and stable operation under all operating conditions, including grid imbalances. Validity of the control concept was demonstrated using an in-house-developed hardware-in-the-loop simulator of the modular multilevel matrix converter, with control algorithms being deployed to the industrial-grade controller.

关键词： Voltage control matrix converters Frequency control Standards multilevel converters Capacitors Task analysis AC-to-AC converters Energy management Hardware-in-the-loop simulation modular multilevel converter modular multilevel matrix converter energy control hardware-in-the-loop ac-ac power conversion

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Small Signal Model of modular multilevel matrix converter for Fractional Frequency Transmission System

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IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 110187-110196页

作者： Luo, Jiajie Zhang, Xiao-Ping Xue, Ying Univ Birmingham Dept Elect Elect & Syst Engn Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England

Fractional frequency transmission is a promising technology for medium distance offshore wind power transmission. The key component in the fractional frequency transmission system (EFTS) is the modular multilevel matrix converter ((MC)-C-3). It is regarded as the next generation AC/AC converter for high voltage and high power applications due to various advantages such as high-quality waveforms, scalability, and controllability. It is important to fully study its impact on the power network. The key to the understanding and impact is the development of a suitable model, which is the focus of this paper. A small signal model of the (MC)-C-3 taking into account the dynamics of the capacitor voltage, AC currents, and the control system is developed. Electrical quantities from both AC sides at different frequencies couple in the (MC)-C-3 since there is no DC link. The complicated nonlinear terms in ABC frame are isolated and transformed in DQ frame. The model is convenient to interface with the control system and external AC systems. Small signal analysis is carried out on the influence of the controller parameters and sub-module capacitance. The correctness of the proposed model is verified by comparing to a detailed electromagnetic transient model of the (MC)-C-3 simulated in RIDS.

关键词： Fractional frequency transmission system small signal model modular multilevel matrix converter AC/AC converter energy storage

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Novel Distributed Control Platform and Algorithm for a modular multilevel matrix converter

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第7期38卷 8089-8101页

作者： Kienast, Jonas Hoffmann, Andreas Hoeer, Martin Bernet, Steffen Tech Univ Dresden Power Elect Grp D-01062 Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Power Elect Grp Fak Elektrotech & Informat Tech D-01069 Dresden Germany

The modular multilevelmatrix converter (M3C) is an attractive topology for low-speed drives and doubly fed induction generator applications. Both modularity and scalability make the topology attractive for high-power medium-voltage systems. One of the main challenges for the design and implementation of an M3C is the control platform, which has to handle a high number of submodules and measured values. This article introduces a new control platform including a high-speed communication network between the distributed control units. The control platform and algorithms are implemented on a 15 kvar M3C test bench with 108 full-bridge submodules.

关键词： Distributed control high-speed comunication modular multilevel matrix converter

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Dual-passivity-based control strategy of modular multilevel matrix converter

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INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS 2021年第1期31卷 p1-18页

作者： Ma, Xinqiao Cheng, Qiming Cheng, Yinman Rui, Xinhua Zhao, Juefei Shanghai Univ Elect Power Coll Automat Engn Shanghai Peoples R China State Grid Shanghai Municipal Elect Power Co North Power Supply Branch Shanghai Peoples R China Nanjing Inst Technol Sch Elect Power Engn Nanjing Peoples R China State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co Ltd Nanjing Power Supply Co Nanjing Peoples R China

Complying with the trend of renewable energy power generation, the modular multilevel matrix converter (MMMC, also known as M3C) is applied to the low-frequency alternating current (AC) transmission system to realize the AC/AC conversion from low-frequency AC to power-frequency AC based on the offshore wind power generation. In view of the shortcomings of traditional proportional integral (PI) control, such as slow response, more adjustment parameters and low dynamic performance, a new type of nonlinear control based on passive theory is proposed in this paper, namely passivity-based control. It has the advantages of fast response, less adjustment parameters, and high dynamic performance, which can greatly improve the control effects of the M3C input and output sides current. Under operating conditions such as input-side frequency changes and output power changes, the passivity-based control strategy can still maintain a very low system impact, and the overall control effect is better. Finally, the correctness and superiority of this method are verified by simulation under different working conditions.

关键词： dual‐ passivity‐ based control frequency changes modular multilevel matrix converter PI control power changes wind power

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An Improved Phasor Method for Modelling and Analysis of modular multilevel matrix converter

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2021年第3期36卷 1744-1755页

作者： Liu, Shenquan Zhao, Boyang Wang, Gang Wang, Xifan South China Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Guangzhou 510641 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Elect Insulat & Power Equipment Xian 710049 Peoples R China

modular multilevel matrix converter ((MC)-C-3) has considerable application potential in motor driving and power systems, but its phasor model is rarely studied. This paper proposes a novel method for modelling and analysis of the (MC)-C-3 in the phasor domain. Firstly, an improved phasor method in matrix form is proposed for direct AC/AC MMC family. By including the frequency information into the phasor expression, it is capable of analysis towards interaction between AC variable groups with different frequencies. Secondly, based on the proposed phasor matrix method, the concept of two-dimensional phase-sequence is proposed to facilitate description and calculation of the AC variables in the 3-by-3 matrix-resembled circuit structure of (MC)-C-3. Network of each phase-sequence is also derived. With the proposed methods, calculation burden for modelling and analysis of the (MC)-C-3 is significantly reduced. Then, the phasor model of (MC)-C-3 considering the DC, fundamental frequency and 2(nd)-order harmonic components is established. Finally, validation results with time-domain simulation is provided.

关键词： matrix converters Integrated circuit modeling Frequency conversion Analytical models Topology Time-domain analysis Mathematical model modular multilevel matrix converter phasor model AC AC conversion fractional frequency transmission system

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