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检索条件"主题词=Modulation transfer functions"

共 967 条记录，以下是91-100 订阅

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GEOMETRICAL AND RADIOMETRICAL SIGNAL transfer CHARACTERISTICS OF A COLOR CCD CAMERA WITH 21 MILLION PIXELS

GEOMETRICAL AND RADIOMETRICAL SIGNAL TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC...

引用

CONF ON INDUSTRIAL VISION METROLOGY

作者： LENZ, R LENZ, U Technische Univ. Muenchen (Germany) CCD Videometrie (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819406546

This article describes methods to quantify the signal transfer characteristics of CCD cameras. The Fresnel zone plate is a nearly ideal tool for the direct determination of the modulation transfer function and of chromatic aberrations of the optical system. It is used to measure the properties of the newly developed CCD camera ProgRes 3000 using piezo-controlled microscanning to digitize images with a variable resolution from 500 X 580 up to 3000 X 2320 picture elements for each of the three color channels red, green, and blue. The geometrical accuracy of the piezo positioners is measured with algorithms similar to correlation. Using special test patterns, a measurement accuracy of less than 1/1000 of the sensor element pitch is reached, whereas the positioning accuracy is about 1/100 of a sensor element. In order to fully exploit the radiometrical dynamic range of the sensor used within the ProgRes 3000, experiments have been performed with Peltier cooling and pixel- synchronous 12-bit analog to digital conversion. A dynamic range of 2500:1 is reached, sufficient for working in low-light level environments or for digitizing high-contrast color slides or x-ray images.

关键词： Sensors Zone plates Cameras Spatial frequencies CCD image sensors CCD cameras Analog electronics modulation transfer functions Image resolution Distortion

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M1A2 TANK COMMANDERS INDEPENDENT THERMAL VIEWER OPTICS - SYSTEM ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE

M1A2 TANK COMMANDERS INDEPENDENT THERMAL VIEWER OPTICS - SYS...

引用

Conference on Systems Oriented Optical Design

作者： RATCLIFF, DD TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC RICHARDSONTX 75081

ISBN: (纸本)0819412082

As successful as the M1A1 Abrams tank was in the Gulf War, a program has been under way for several years to improve and modernize the M1A1 to keep pace with new threats and to take advantage of new technology. This program has resulted in the M1A2 upgrade program which significantly improves the survivability and lethality of the tank. First, the point-to-point wiring and analog signal processing was replaced with digital processing and control with a modern, aircraft-style digital data bus. Additional command and control aspects of the upgrade greatly improved the situational awareness of the M1A2 commander. Finally, an additional thermal imaging system was added for the commander. This system, the M1A2 Commander's Independent Thermal Viewer (CITV) is the topic of the following paper, which details the design from a system engineering perspective, and a companion paper that presents the optical design perspective.

关键词： Optical design Video Thermography Mirrors modulation transfer functions Light emitting diodes Imaging systems Sensors Systems engineering Optical components

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RANDOM TARGETS FOR modulation transfer-FUNCTION TESTING

RANDOM TARGETS FOR MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTION TESTING

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Conference on Infrared Imaging System: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing IV

作者： DANIELS, A BOREMAN, GD DUCHARME, AD SAPIR, E UNIV CENT FLORIDA CTR RES ELECTROOPT & LASERSORLANDOFL 32826

ISBN: (纸本)0819412058

Tests for modulation transfer function (MTF), particularly for staring systems, are affected by the position of the test target with respect to the rows and columns of the detector array. To alleviate the position-dependent nature of the measurement, we have developed a target that uses random patterns of known spatial-frequency content. In this way a phase-averaged MTF is measured, which is indicative of field performance on natural scenes.

关键词： modulation transfer functions Spatial frequencies Staring arrays Phase measurement Sensors Image resolution Charge-coupled devices Phase shift keying Signal to noise ratio Target detection

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HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTROMETER HRIS OPTICS, FOCAL-PLANE AND CALIBRATION

HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTROMETER HRIS OPTICS, FOCAL-PLAN...

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Imaging Spectrometry of the Terrestrial Environment Conference

作者： BLECHINGER, F CHARLTON, DE DAVANCENS, R HARNISCH, B KUNKEL, B MEYNART, R NOVI, A OMONGAIN, E SCHWARZER, H SLATER, PN DEUTSCH AEROSP OTTOBRUNNGERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)0819411736

HRIS is proposed as a spaceborne, high-resolution imaging spectrometer designed to image a variable (+/- 30 degree(s)) 30 km swath with 40 m SSP pixel size in the spectral range from 450 to 2340 nm with an average 10 nm spectral bandwidth. HRIS is conceived as a push-broom imager with two-dimensional detector arrays for spectral and spatial coverage. The challenging requirements for this instrument will be discussed as well as the concept derived against these requirements. Emphasis is on the optical definition, particularly the spectrometer optics, the focal plane assembly--here mostly the hybrid SWIR CMT detector array--and the calibration concept which includes two external references, ratioing radiometers and an internal reference. The other subunits will be described briefly only. The presentation will conclude with a preliminary development plan.

关键词： Spectroscopy Calibration Short wave infrared radiation Detector arrays Charge-coupled devices Mirrors modulation transfer functions Staring arrays Telescopes Radio optics

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POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION AND MTF CHARACTERIZATION OF THE KINETIC-KILL-VEHICLE HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATION (KHILS) INFRARED-LASER SCENE PROJECTOR

POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION AND MTF CHARACTERIZATION OF THE KINETI...

引用

Conference on Infrared Imaging System: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing IV

作者： ALEXANDER, TL BOREMAN, GD DUCHARME, AD RAPP, RJ UNIV CENT FLORIDA CTR RES ELECTOOPT & LASERSORLANDOFL 32816

ISBN: (纸本)0819412058

A Scophony Infrared Scene Projector (IRSP) is being used at Wright Laboratories Armament Directorate, Guided Interceptor Technology Branch, Eglin AFB, to evaluate thermal-imaging guidance systems. This hardware-in-the-loop testing system reduces the number of necessary field trials and has potential for in-laboratory simulation where the performance of entire seeker systems can be analyzed. The performance of an optical system, in terms of such characteristics as wavefront error, resolution, and transfer factor, can be measured with knowledge of the system MTF and PSF performance. A slow-scan calibration system was used to measure an image plane of the IRSP under three separate configurations of the system. MTFs and PSFs were derived for the IRSP without the use of the scatter screen, with the scatter screen in place, and with the scatter screen rotating.

关键词： Point spread functions modulation modulation transfer functions Sensors Projection systems Infrared radiation Collimators Bragg cells Laser scattering Fourier transforms

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EXPERIMENT AND SIMULATION OF SUB-0.25-MU-M RESIST PROCESSES FOR 193-NM LITHOGRAPHY

EXPERIMENT AND SIMULATION OF SUB-0.25-MU-M RESIST PROCESSES ...

引用

CONF ON OPTICAL/LASER MICROLITHOGRAPHY

作者： KUNZ, RR HARTNEY, MA OTTEN, RW BAROUCH, E HOLLERBACH, U Lincoln Lab./MIT (United States) Princeton Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411612

A model was developed to simulate the behavior of near-surface-imaged resist processes, with the emphasis on modeling of resist processes for 193 nm. Silylation, bilayer, and additive resist processes can all be simulated using this model. For the silylation process, the model was found to be in excellent agreement with experimentally observed silylated resist profiles. This model was used in combination with existing programs that calculate aerial images and single-layer resist profiles to predict process margins for 193 nm (0.5 NA) lithography. The results of our simulations for 0.25 micrometers features indicate a depth of focus comparable to the Rayleigh limit (+/- 0.4 micrometers ) for a single-layer resist process and up to two times this value for near-surface-imaged resists. Focus latitudes greater than the Rayleigh limit are predicted for 0.18 micrometers features when using near-surface-imaged resists in conjunction with annular illumination.

关键词： Photoresist processing Diffusion Optical lithography Lithography Process modeling Systems modeling Image processing modulation transfer functions Imaging systems Mathematical modeling

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Aberration correction and desensitization of an inverse triplet objective lens

Aberration correction and desensitization of an inverse trip...

引用

1998 International Optical Design Conference

作者： Betensky, E Ellis I. Betensky

ISBN: (纸本)0819429376

Many objective lenses designed for very high volume production non typically contain aspherical surfaces. One such example is an aspherized version of the traditional Cooke triplet. While these aspherical designs are better than their antecedents, the basic design limitations, astigmatism and manufacturing sensitivities, remain. An inverse triplet having a negative, positive, negative configuration and aspherical surfaces has no all-spherical counterpart, but instead depends on the aspheres to correct the primary aberrations. If a sufficient number of surfaces are aspherical, there are more degrees of freedom than required for aberration correction, so the lens can be optimized to reduce the manufacturing sensitivities Ir;reducing the amount of aberration correction contribution Ir;an individual element.

关键词： Lens design Monochromatic aberrations Manufacturing Aberration correction modulation transfer functions Aspheric lenses Objectives Tolerancing Distortion Glasses

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DETERMINATION OF RADIOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FRAME GRABBERS 2

DETERMINATION OF RADIOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS O...

引用

2nd SPIE Conference on Videometrics

作者： BEYER, HA IMETRIC CH-2892 COURGENAYSWITZERLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819413321

Frame grabbers perform an essential role in image acquisition from CCD-cameras and other imaging devices or intermediate storage systems such as VCRs. They directly affect the radiometric and geometric quality of the digital imagery. This paper gives an overview of the most important functional elements of frame grabbers. Their influence on the image quality and ways for their assessment are discussed. Results from two frame grabbers are used to explain the methodology and to give indications on typical performance measures. Errors found in the investigations include DC-restoration, effects of low-pass-filters, and synchronization.

关键词： Frame grabbers Video Cameras Analog electronics modulation transfer functions Clocks Composites Quantization Signal detection Image acquisition

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MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SYSTEMS IMAGING THROUGH ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SYSTEMS IMAGING THROUGH ATMOSPHER...

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CONF ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF LASER SYSTEMS

作者： CAPONI, MZ TRW Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819405051

The image resolution of a conventional imagaing system is limited by aberrations produced by the intervening atmosphere. Nonlinear optical techniques like real-time holography can be used in a single-pass configuration to correct for the turbulent aberrations. In this paper the authors present analytical calculations using the modulation transfer function (MTF) approach and numerical simulations using the three dimensional wave optics code GLAD-386 of the resolution characteristics of nonlinear holographic and conventional imaging systems for extended and thin aberrators. The MTF approach under predicts for conventional images and over predicts for holographic images the effect of random apodization and anisoplanatism. For strong but thin aberrators, diffraction limited resolution with a large field of view (FOV) can be obtained using a holographic imaging system.

关键词： Holograms modulation transfer functions Holography Holographic interferometry Imaging systems Image resolution Turbulence Receivers Atmospheric propagation Wave propagation

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EFFECTS OF AEROSOL FORWARD SCATTER OF INFRARED AND VISIBLE-LIGHT ON ATMOSPHERIC COHERENCE DIAMETER - THEORY AND VALIDATION

EFFECTS OF AEROSOL FORWARD SCATTER OF INFRARED AND VISIBLE-L...

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8TH MEETING OF OPTICAL ENGINEERING IN ISRAEL : OPTICAL ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING

作者： SADOT, D KOPEIKA, NS Ben-Gurion Univ. of the Negev (Israel)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412104

A correction to the definition of the atmospheric coherence diameter is suggested here. The basis of this new approach is the existence of an aerosol MTF which is often the dominant ingredient of the atmospheric MTF. As defined by Fried about 25 years ago, atmospheric MTF was related to turbulence MTF only. In the case of a Gaussian approximation of the aerosol MTF, an analytical expression is derived for the aerosol-derived coherence diameter. This parameter is related to the aerosol MTF's cutoff frequency, and to its asymptote at high spatial frequencies. Qualitative validation of the theory is presented, based on measured MTFs in the open atmosphere. Overall atmospheric coherence diameter is generally the smaller between the turbulence and aerosol coherence diameters. The results here appear applicable particularly to cost-effective thermal imaging system design, although applications are considered too for the visible and near infrared.

关键词： modulation transfer functions Atmospheric particles Aerosols Turbulence Spatial frequencies Atmospheric optics Thermography Imaging systems Visible radiation Optical engineering

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