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Reliable prediction of solar photovoltaic power and module efficiency using Bayesian surrogate assisted explainable data-driven model

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RESULTS IN ENGINEERING 2024年 24卷

作者： Amer, Mohammed Sajjad, Uzair Hamid, Khalid Rubab, Najaf Palestine Tech Univ Kadoorie Dept Mech Engn Tulkarm Palestine Sunonwealth Elect Machine Ind Co Ltd Kaohsiung 806 Taiwan King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Sustainable Energy Syst Dhahran Saudi Arabia Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Energy & Proc Engn N-7491 Trondheim Norway Gachon Univ Dept Mat Sci & Engn Seongnam 13120 South Korea

This study proposes a Bayesian surrogate-driven explainable deep neural network model to predict and interpret the module efficiency and maximum output power of three commercially available photovoltaic modules: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon during the winter season. In addition, the influence of the photovoltaic material and ambient conditions on the predicted power and module efficiency is investigated. The model inputs include solar irradiance, module material (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon), season of the year (months), and time of day (morning to evening). Experiments were conducted on these three modules during the winter using data from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. These data were then fed into the deep neural network model to train and yield predictions. Several preprocessing techniques such as logarithmic transformation, square root, cube root, reciprocal, and exponential transformations are employed to improve the linearity of distributed data. For hyper-parameters optimization, Gaussian process, gradient boost regression trees, and random forest are used. The results show that the optimal deep neural network using random forest surrogate model along with square root and exponential transformation is able to predict the maximum power output and module efficiency of the considered photovoltaic modules for the entire investigated period with a correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.998. The least accurate model (R2 = 0.991) is a Gaussian process using simple data distribution. These results hold valuable insights for predicting and optimizing the performance of other solar photovoltaic modules in various climates and different seasons of the year.

关键词： Solar photovoltaic module Deep learning Bayesian surrogacy module efficiency Maximum output power

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INFLUENCE OF efficiency ADVANCEMENT ON SOLAR PV module CHOICE AND ENERGY YIELD: A CASE OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN LAGOS

INFLUENCE OF EFFICIENCY ADVANCEMENT ON SOLAR PV MODULE CHOIC...

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ASME Power Conference (Power)

作者： Abolarin, Sogo Mayokun Shitta, Manasseh Babale Aninyem, Michael Chuks Lagrange, Louis Obafemi, Olatunji O. Univ Free State Dept Engn Sci Bloemfontein South Africa Univ Lagos Fac Engn Natl Ctr Energy Efficiency & Conservat Energy Commiss Nigeria Lagos Nigeria Univ Johannesburg Dept Mech Engn Sci Johannesburg South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9780791885826

To abate the continuous rise in environmental pollution largely caused by the high dependence as well as consumption of conventional sources of energy, also known as fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas, coal, propane, kerosene etc., energy enthusiasts such as researchers, energy end-users, governments (policy makers), investors, manufacturing companies etc., all have their roles to play to enable smooth, urgent transition and adoption of the existing renewable energy technologies such as wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass and solar energy sources that have been proven to be environmentally friendly with no emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at the point of use. While the existing renewable energy technologies have been proven to be beneficial to the environment and existence of human and human activities, researchers on the other hand are enjoined to continue to work tirelessly to improve the existing green sources of energy supply and develop new ones with higher system efficiency. This transitioning from fossil fuel use to the production, adoption, installation, and utilization of clean energy sources have been both tasking and rewarding from the experiences of countries that have adopted them and the lessons learnt from their experiences have been recognized to be beneficial in the long run to combating global warming and improvement of system efficiency. To enable awareness creation, smooth transition and adoption of solar PV technology locally, regionally and globally, this study provides a concise approach for the selection of the most efficient solar PV module to maximize the energy yield per area of the solar PV array. Daily energy consumption data for lighting and air conditioning were gathered through an energy audit conducted on the facility of a 5-bedroom residential duplex in Lagos, Nigeria. The energy demands of the appliances were programmed into the NCEEC_e-EASZ simulation tool used for the sizing of solar PV modules needed to produ

关键词： Energy Audit Solar PV module module efficiency Energy Yield

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In-Line Post-Process Scribing for Reducing Cell to module efficiency Gap in Monolithic Thin-Film Photovoltaics

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IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS 2014年第1期4卷 324-332页

作者： Dongaonkar, Sourabh Alam, Muhammad A. Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

The gap between cell and module efficiency is a major challenge for all photovoltaic (PV) technologies. For monolithic thin-film PV modules, a significant fraction of this gap has been attributed to parasitic shunts and other defects, distributed across the module. In this paper, we show that it is possible to contain or isolate these shunts using state-of-the-art laser scribing processes, after the fabrication of the series-connected module is finished. We discuss three alternatives, and quantify the performance gains for each technique. We demonstrate that using these techniques, it is possible to recover up to 50% of the power lost to parasitic shunts, which results in 1-2% (absolute) increase in module efficiencies for typical thin-film PV technologies.

关键词： Manufacturing yield module design module efficiency scribing shunts thin-film photovoltaic (PV)

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Theoretical - experimental investigation of performance enhancement of a PV system using evaporative cooling

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS 2025年

作者： Amr, Ayman Abdel-Raheim Hassan, Ali A. M. Abdel-Salam, Mazen El-Sayed, Abou Hashema M. Minia Univ Fac Engn Dept Mech Engn Al Minya Egypt Assiut Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Assiut Egypt Minia Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Al Minya Egypt

Evaporative cooling technique is considered one of the effective methods for improving efficiency and power generation of a photovoltaic (PV) module by reducing the operating temperature of its surface. In this paper a theoretical study of heat transfer through a PV module was conducted to investigate how the calculated cell temperature and module efficiency are influenced by the ambient temperature, solar irradiation, and water flow rate, which affect the heating and cooling rates of the module surface. Experimental investigation was done to confirm the theoretical findings concerning the decrease of cell temperature and hence the increase of module efficiency with the increase of either the air flow on module cooling by using sprinkler for water misting or the mass flow of water on module cooling by using nozzles for making a water film over the module surface. The experimental results show a reduction of 26.94 % in cell temperature on using sprinkler against 28.32 % for nozzles with continuous cooling and 24.14 % using sprinkler against 26.75 % for nozzles with intermittent cooling. Experimental results show that evaporative cooling on using sprinkler and nozzles methods increase the electrical efficiency from 13.04 % without cooling to 14.5 % and 14.75 with continuous cooling against increase of the electrical efficiency to 14.29 and 14.7 with intermittent cooling. The maximum electrical efficiency in the datasheet at standard condition records 15.4 %. This means that the evaporative cooling over the PV module strongly improves the system performance to approach its efficiency at standard test condition STC. There is no significant difference between continuous and intermittent cooling in reducing the cell temperature and thus increasing efficiency. Moreover, intermittent cooling reduces the amount of water used for cooling.

关键词： photovoltaic evaporative cooling cell temperature module efficiency

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An experiment-based comparison of different cooling methods for photovoltaic modules

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS 2025年第2期26卷 397-418页

作者： Amr, Ayman Abdel-raheim Hassan, Ali A. M. Abdel-Salam, Mazen El-Sayed, Abou Hashema M. Minia Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Al Minya Egypt Minia Univ Fac Engn Mech Engn Dept Al Minya 61111 Egypt

Temperature effect on the performance of a photovoltaic module represents a major concern for expanding the use of solar energy, especially in hot areas. Cooling the PV module is considered an effective method of increasing efficiency by reducing the module cell temperature. An experimental set-up is developed to investigate the effectiveness of different cooling techniques including air cooling, evaporative cooling and water cooling. A comparative study is made among the cooling techniques by simultaneous recording - for the first time - the performance the modules cooled by the different techniques. Experimental measurements dictated that the reduction of the module cell temperature recorded 5 %, 16 %, 17.25, 39.6 % and 44.8 % for passive air cooling, active air cooling, water cooling, evaporative cooling using sprinkler and nozzles, respectively. The best cooling conditions were achieved by evaporative cooling using film of domestic tap-water from nozzles with flow rate of 90-190 L/h/module. The experimental results showed an increase in electrical efficiency of 1.8 % for continuous- against 1.7 % for intermittent-evaporative cooling using water-film from nozzles. The corresponding increase in electrical efficiency on using evaporative cooling by sprinkler is 1.6 % for continuous- against 1.3 % for intermittent cooling. This means there is no significant difference in efficiency values between continuous and intermittent evaporative cooling. This favors the use of intermittent cooling decreases the cost without sacrificing the efficiency value. This makes it possible to identify the recommended method for cooling modules serving in areas of hot weather and moderate climates.

关键词： photovoltaic cooling techniques cell temperature module efficiency

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Active cooling of a photovoltaic module in hot-ambient temperatures: theory versus experiment

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS 2025年第2期26卷 331-358页

作者： Amr, Ayman Abdel-Raheim Hassan, Ali A. M. Abdel-Salam, Mazen El-Sayed, Abou Hashema M. Minia Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Al Minya Egypt Minia Univ Fac Engn Dept Mech Engn Al Minya Egypt Assiut Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Assiut Egypt

The performance improvement of a PV-module is investigated theoretically and experimentally in a long-term research-plan via module cooling by different approaches including passive, active, and evaporative cooling as well as water cooling for the same module. In the present paper, the investigation is conducted to decide on the suitability of active-cooling of the module in hot-ambient temperatures. A module without cooling is used as a base case for comparison against cooled modules with and without fins attached to the module's rear-surface and extended down in an air-cooling duct underneath the module. At first, a theoretical study of heat transfer through the module is conducted to investigate how the calculated cell temperature and module output power are influenced by the air velocity from a blower, ambient temperature and solar irradiation. The results showed a decrease of cell temperature by about 7-10 degrees C with a subsequent increase of electrical efficiency. The cell temperature decreases significantly with the increase of duct height and with the increase of the number and length of fins, the same as in passive cooling. The cell temperature decreases by more than 3 degree celsius at duct height of 0.2 m. The calculated values of cell temperature, open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the module with and without active cooling agreed reasonably with the present measured values over the day hours of two successive days in summer season. At air velocity of 1.5 m/s, the increase of electrical efficiency by active cooling was found 0.67-0.80 %. Further increase of air-flow velocity or duct-height in active cooling seeking higher efficiency is not recommended due to increase of consumed electric power by air-blower and limited decrease of cell temperature. This concludes that air cooling is not effective in regions of hot ambient temperatures. For a non-cooled module, the cell temperature is related to the ambient temperature in terms of the so

关键词： photovoltaic active cooling hot-ambient temperature module efficiency cell temperature NOCT

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Cutting-Edge Studies Toward Commercialization of Large Area Solution-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells

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ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023年第20期8卷

作者： Han, Gill Sang Gong, Oh Yeong Kim, Hee Jung Kwon, Nayoon Huh, Jae Suk Seo, Jangwon Jung, Hyun Suk Sungkyunkwan Univ Sch Adv Mat Sci & Engn Suwon 16419 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Chem & Biomol Engn 291 Daehak Ro Daejeon 34141 South Korea UniTest Co Ltd 155-1 Hagal Dong Yongin 17099 South Korea Sungkyunkwan Univ SKKU Inst Energy Sci & Technol SIEST Suwon 16419 South Korea

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been renewed annually, now recorded to 25.7%, which is the highest efficiency for thin-film solar cells, raising expectations for commercialization. However, the PSCs have a massive technical lack in entering the photovoltaic industry because of the low PCE of perovskite solar modules (PSMs), poor stability, high levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and environmental issues. Here, cutting-edge studies for overcoming the challenges faced by commercialization of PSCs are discussed. First, the reduction of the efficiency gap between small-area PSCs and the large-area PSMs via the solution process is reviewed. Second, the strategies for stable PSMs are discussed to reduce the LCOE. In addition, the environmental issues for manufacturing and sustainable use of PSMs are dealt with and it is demonstrated that the recycling/reuse of PSMs is the most promising way to reduce the manufacturing costs. Finally, it is suggested that the life cycle assessment system from manufacturing to recycling/reuse for PSMs is the key technology to resolve the commercialization issues of PSCs.

关键词： cost industrialization life cycle assessment module efficiency perovskite solar cell stability toxicity

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Reducing the Cell to module efficiency Gap in Thin Film PV using In-line Post-Process Scribing Isolation

Reducing the Cell to Module Efficiency Gap in Thin Film PV u...

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39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

作者： Dongaonkar, Sourabh Alam, Muhammad A. Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479932993

The persistent gap between cell and module efficiencies, the so called solar gap, is an important problem for all PV technologies. In thin film PV (TFPV), a significant portion of this efficiency loss can be traced to parasitic shunts distributed throughout the module. In this work, we describe an in-line, post deposition scribing technique for electrically isolating these distributed shunts in a monolithic thin film PV module. The localized scribes minimize the losses due to defective shunts by restricting lateral current drain from its (otherwise defect-free) neighbors, and promise to reduce the solar gap by 30-50%. This technique can be easily integrated with state of the art inline manufacturing and metrology methods, and is applicable for all thin film PV technologies.

关键词： shunts scribing module efficiency yield thin film PV

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Performance enhancement of a photovoltaic module by passive cooling using phase change material in a finned container heat sink

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SOLAR ENERGY 2020年 195卷 47-53页

作者： Wongwuttanasatian, T. Sarikarin, T. Suksri, A. Khon Kaen Univ Ctr Alternat Energy Res & Dev Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Khon Kaen Univ Fac Engn Insulat Technol & High Voltage Engn Lab Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand

The enhancement of passive cooling for a photovoltaic (PV) module in a finned container heat sink was proposed. Palm wax was chosen as a phase change material (PCM) for this research as it was much cheaper than other commercial PCMs. Initially, three different PCM containers, i.e. grooved, tubed and finned containers, were designed and investigated. It was found that the finned container exhibited the best cooling effect. Thus, the PV module temperature was much decreased, giving the highest electrical power output. Then, the passive cooling with the finned container was further analysed and compared to the module without cooling. The finned box could reduce the module temperature from 57.9 degrees C to 51.8 degrees C (a 6.1 degrees C temperature drop). Thus, the module efficiency was enhanced from 9.33% to 9.82%, corresponding to a 5.3% improvement. Also, the averaged performance ratio (PR) rose from 0.63 to 0.66 (4.8% enhancement). It was discovered that palm wax had potential as a PCM capable of cooling the PV module. Importantly, passive cooling of the PV module using PCM was not always beneficial, but depended on the irradiance. The results made clear that when the solar irradiance was higher than 500 W/m(2), there was a great enhancement in the PV performance with cooling. However, there is no need for PV cooling if less irradiance is usually the case.

关键词： Photovoltaic module Phase change materials module efficiency Performance ratio

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Progress of Perovskite Solar modules

ADVANCED ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH

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ADVANCED ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH 2021年第6期2卷

作者： Kim, Hyung-Joon Kim, Hui-Seon Park, Nam-Gyu Inha Univ Dept Chem & Chem Engn Incheon 22212 South Korea Sungkyunkwan Univ Sch Chem Engn Suwon 16419 South Korea

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reached 25.5% of certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) in 2020. A remarkable PCE of PSCs has urged scalable technologies to grow for manufacturing modules. Therefore, scalable technology is rapidly developing though the performance of perovskite solar modules (PSMs) is still far behind that of PSCs. Herein, the recent progress in scalable technologies is reviewed with addressing important parameters in each process. In addition, the performance measurement protocols for PSMs are specifically discussed based on International Electrotechnical Commission to be prepared from the industrial point of view. Finally, the environmental hazard impact by accidental lead leakage and the introduction of green solvent to replace of current toxic solvent are described.

关键词： lead safety module efficiency module stability perovskite solar modules scalable technology

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