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A Block-Level Image Tamper Detection Scheme Using modulus function Based Fragile Watermarking

WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2022年第3期125卷 2581-2619页

作者： Prasad, Shiv Pal, Arup Kumar Paul, Srilekha Indian Inst Technol Indian Sch Mines Dept Comp Sci & Engn Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand India

Intentional illegitimate modification in any digital image data is one of the general malversations in the existing digital domain. Therefore in this work, the authors have devised a fragile watermarking technique for the localization of illegitimate modifications in the digital image content effectually. The proposed technique detects forged digital image content strongly in the block-level of two successive pixels. This scheme is performed at the block level, where the actual image is partitioned into non-overlapping blocks of size (1 x 2) pixels. Afterward, the block-level authentication code is generated from the MSB of two successive pixels of each block using averaging and modulus operations. The generated authentication code/watermark is encrypted using a logistic-map-based chaotic key series. The encrypted authentication code is embedded into two successive pixels of the corresponding block. Further, any form of forgery in the watermarked image can be detected by comparing its extracted authentication code and regenerated authentication code. The proposed procedure is successfully experienced on a variety of grayscale images, and the experimental results exhibit that watermarked images generated by this scheme are of considerably high quality in terms of PSNR, IF, and SSIM. The proposed method is capable of efficient forgery detection by achieving very high accuracy, NC, and true positive rate while maintaining considerably low false-positive and false-negative rates.

关键词： Watermark authentication code Fragile watermarking Image tamper detection Logistic-map modulus function

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Difference sequence spaces based on Lucas band matrix and modulus function

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SAO PAULO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 2022年第2期16卷 1249-1260页

作者： Mohiuddine, S. A. Raj, Kuldip Choudhary, Anu King Abdulaziz Univ Fac Appl Studies Dept Gen Required Courses Math Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Univ Dept Math Operator Theory & Applicat Res Grp Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Univ Dept Math Katra 182320 Jammu & Kashmir India

In this work, we define some difference sequence spaces based upon Lucas band matrix and associated with the idea of sequence of modulus functions and then establish that aforementioned spaces are BK-spaces of non absolute *** further investigate that our spaces are linearly isomorphic to the space l(p), where l(p) = {x = (x(k)) is an element of w : Sigma(k) vertical bar x(k)vertical bar(pk) < infinity}. Moreover, we demonstrate inclusion relationship between newly defined spaces as well as establish certain geometrical properties.

关键词： Lucas number modulus function Weak fixed point property modulus of convexity BK-spaces

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Lacunary Statistical Convergence of Order α for Generalized Difference Sequences and Summability Through modulus function

Lacunary Statistical Convergence of Order α for Generalized...

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International Conference on Recent Advances in Pure and Applied Mathematics (ICRAPAM)

作者： Verma, A. K. Kumar, Sudhanshu HS Gour Cent Univ Dept Math & Stat Sagar 470003 Madhya Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811511530;9789811511523

In this paper, we define the space S-theta(alpha)(Delta(m)(v)) of all Delta(m)(v)-lacunary statistical convergent sequences of order alpha and the space N-theta(alpha) (Delta(m)(v), p) of all strongly N-theta(Delta(m)(v), p)-summable sequences of order alpha, where p is a positive real number. Some inclusion relations between these spaces have been obtained. We have studied the space omega(alpha)(theta) (Delta(m)(v), f, p) of all strongly omega(theta)(Delta(m)(v), f, p)-summable sequences of order alpha by using modulus function f and bounded sequence (p(k)) of positive real numbers with inf(k) p(k) > 0. The inclusion relations between spaces omega(alpha)(theta)(Delta(m)(v), f, p) and S-theta(alpha) Delta(m)(v)) are also obtained.

关键词： Statistical convergence Lacunary sequence Difference sequence space modulus function

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An Optimal Information Hiding Approach Based on Pixel Value Differencing and modulus function

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第1期108卷 159-174页

作者： Sahu, Aditya Kumar Swain, Gandharba Koneru Lakshmaiah Educ Fdn Dept Comp Sci & Engn Guntur 522502 Andhra Pradesh India GMRIT Dept Comp Sci & Engn Rajam 532127 Andhra Pradesh India

This paper proposes an image steganography approach based on pixel value differencing and modulus function (PVDMF) to improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and hiding capacity (HC). The proposed approach has two variants, (1) PVDMF 1 and (2) PVDMF 2. Both the variants use the difference between a pair of consecutive pixels to embed the secret data based on an adaptive range table. The modulus operations with pixel readjustment have been utilized to reduce the distortion in the stego-image. The experimental results prove that the PVDMF 1 offer higher PSNR and PVDMF 2 offers larger HC as compared to the existing approaches. In addition, the fall off boundary problem which exists in most of the pixel value differencing approaches has been avoided. Furthermore, it has been experimentally verified that the proposed approach is resistant against RS attack.

关键词： Data hiding Steganography center dot Pixel value differencing modulus function

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Steganography with pixel-value differencing and modulus function based on PSO

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY AND APPLICATIONS 2018年第Dec.期43卷 47-52页

作者： Li, Zhaotong He, Ying Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Shenyang Liaoning Peoples R China

An effective steganographic scheme is proposed that combines pixel-value differencing, modulus function, and particle swarm optimization on the basis of previous research. In this paper, the difference between neighboring pixels in the carrier image is used. Pixel-value differencing and the modulus function are used to embed and extract secret information. Also, particle swarm optimization is used to select the ideal pixel gray values among numerous modulus function solutions to improve the quality of the stego-image. In the final experimental results, the proposed method had better embedded capacity and steganographic quality than schemes proposed by previous researchers. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Steganography Pixel-value differencing modulus function Particle swarm optimization

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An Improved Secret Message Capacity Using modulus function Based Color Image Data Hiding

An Improved Secret Message Capacity Using Modulus Function B...

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Joint International Conference on Computer Engineering, Network and Intelligent Multimedia (CENIM) / 11th AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Computer and Information Engineering (RCCIE)

作者： Al-Hooti, Mohammed Hatem Ali Djanali, Supeno Ahmad, Tohari Inst Teknol Sepuluh Nopember Dept Informat Surabaya Indonesia Sanaa Univ Fac Comp & Informat Technol Sanaa Yemen

ISBN: (纸本)9781538675090

Data hiding is a process of hiding a secret message into another cover medium. This cover can be text, audio, video, or image. There are many algorithms that are developed in the field of image steganography. However, researchers in this field are still looking forward to increasing the amount of the capacity while having a maintained image quality. This paper presents an improved data hiding scheme using modulus function and color images. The secret message is converted into varied numbers. The RGB channels pixels are modified in order to be suited for embedding the secret message. This modification depends on the difference that is obtained between the secret digit and the pixel's remainder value. The experimental results indicate that the embedded secret payload is guaranteed to be two times the amount of the cover pixels. The quality is maintained where PSNR values are above 41.5 dB. After analyzing the results, it is confirmed that our method enhances the performance of the previous work, and it has superior capacity and quality. Besides, the secret message can be blindly obtained from the stego image without having another file such as location map or the original image file.

关键词： Data Hiding Color Image Steganography modulus function Information Security Network Security

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Intuitionistic fuzzy I-convergent double sequence spaces defined by compact operator and modulus function

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2017年第6期33卷 3905-3911页

作者： Khan, Vakeel A. Yasmeen Esi, Ayhan Fatima, Hira Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Math Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India Adiyaman Univ Dept Math Adiyaman Turkey

In recent years, the Fuzzy theory has emerged as the most active area of research in many branches of mathematics and engineering. This new theory was introduced by L.A. Zadeh in 1965 and since then large number of research papers have been appeared by using the concept of Fuzzy set/numbers and fuzzification of many classical theories has also been made. The object of this paper is to define the intuitionistic Fuzzy I-convergent double sequence spaces S-2((mu, nu))I (T, f) and S-2((mu, nu)0)I (T, f) defined by Compact Operator and modulus function. We study some topological and algebraic properties of these spaces and discuss the Fuzzy topology on them.

关键词： Ideal filter I-convergence and I-2-convergence in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces bounded linear operator compact linear operator modulus function

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Enhanced Pixel Value Modification based on modulus function for RGB Image Steganography 11

Enhanced Pixel Value Modification based on Modulus Function ...

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11th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and System (ICTS)

作者： Laffont, Aurlien Maniriho, Pascal Ramsi, Anais Guerteau, Guillaume Ahmad, Tohari EISTI Dept Informat F-95000 Cergy France Inst Teknol Sepuluh Nopember ITS Dept Informat Surabaya 60111 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538628270

Digital image steganography is one the best security measures to be adopted while exchanging multimedia data via the public network. Data can be exchanged in the form of text, audio, video or image. Therefore, securing communication is ideal since data must be delivered to the intended recipients without any alterations. That is, data have to be received exactly as they were sent. Recently, several methods that deal with increasing the embedding capacity and the quality of the stego image have been already implemented. Additionally, with reference to the literature study, in most of the existing methods developed based on pixel value modification, two pixels are required for concealing one digit of the secret data which is relatively low. Thus, to increase the embedding capacity and security which are desirable for any image steganographic algorithm, another method which conceals data by modifying pixel values is suggested in this paper. Different from the previous method which only hides data based on modulus three function, the suggested method can handle any modulus function, i.e., the limitations encountered in the previous method are completely removed. This allows one digit of the secret data to be concealed in each pixel. Moreover, the effect of varying modulus function is also analyzed. The experiment shows that the suggested enhanced-PVM does achieve good performance. Besides, good embedding capacity and PSNR are achieved while using modulus 2, 3 and 4. On the other hand, for modulus 5, 6 and more, the embedding capacity changes slightly.

关键词： Protecting data information security information hiding pixel value modification modulus function

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Distributed Steganography Using Five Pixel Pair Differencing and modulus function 2nd

Distributed Steganography Using Five Pixel Pair Differencing...

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2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Computational Intelligence (ICCSCI)

作者： Fendi Wibisurya, Aswin Faisal Bina Nusantara Univ Sch Comp Sci KH Syahdan 9 Palmerah 11480 Jakarta Barat Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781510849914

FPPD steganography is one of steganography techniques that hides secret message by adjusting the difference between pixel pairs in 2x3 blocks. FPPD usually deals with using one cover image to hide any data. To make it practical, a steganography method needs to accommodate concatenated data of different types of media. The steganography method should also allow large data to be distributed on multiple cover images. Therefore, there should be indicator for the start, end, and media type of each component of secret data. The purpose of this research is to develop a FPPD based distributed steganography which allow addition of multiple secret message components across multiple cover images while informing the recipient of the media type of each secret message. This is done by applying a modulus function to to adjust the values of a block to represent the start, end, continuation, and media type of secret messages. The proposed approach results in PSNR value of 37.62, below the benchmark FPPD method. This decrease in PSNR is the result of modification to the pixel value of the reference point to provide means to embed data of different media types into several images. (c) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： steganography FPPD distributed modulus function

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Distributed Steganography Using Five Pixel Pair Differencing and modulus function

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Procedia Computer Science 2017年 116卷 334-341页

作者： Fendi Aswin Wibisurya Faisal School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University K.H. Syahdan 9 Palmerah Jakarta Barat 11480 Indonesia

关键词： steganography FPPD distributed modulus function

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