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Health Challenges Among Waste Collectors in Bangladesh: Exploring Risk Factors Using multi-level modeling

SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK 2025年第1期16卷 13-20页

作者： Hossain, Safayet Hossain, Md Farhad Liu, Bowen Ara, Anjuman Alsaoud, Haneen Patwary, Md Abdul Majed Comilla Univ Dept Stat Cumilla 3506 Bangladesh Univ Missouri Dept Math & Stat Div Comp Analyt & Math Sci & Engn Kansas City MO 64110 USA Comilla Univ Dept Chem Cumilla 3506 Bangladesh

Background: Waste collectors face multi-faceted health risks including exposure to musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory diseases, and workplace injuries because of their hazardous work environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors that affect health of the waste collectors across Bangladesh. Methods: Data on a cross-sectional survey obtained information from 481 waste collectors about their demographics, housing conditions, hygiene practices, security measures, and disease prevalence. Descriptive analyses and multi-level models are used. Results: As per univariate analysis, 81.3% did not have access to clean water, 58.4% did not have access to sanitation, and 65.9% of people lived in unhealthy housing. According to bivariate analysis, there is an association between unhealthy working conditions i.e., respiratory illnesses (19.1% asthma, 29.7% cough), gastrointestinal issues (59.3% discomfort, 24.1% diarrhea), musculoskeletal disorders, and dermatological diseases, and unsafe working conditions (i.e., 60% no masks, 71% no gloves, and 75% no boots). Considering geographic clustering, multi-level modeling examined how different factors affected particular illnesses. The following were significant protective factors: better housing (80% lower odds of acute irritation), security measures (50% lower odds of gastrointestinal diseases), good hygiene (62% lower odds of dermatological diseases), and younger age (2% higher odds of respiratory diseases per year). Conclusion: In summary, unsafe living and working conditions greatly push the risks of illness for waste collectors. These risks to occupational health can be reduced with targeted interventions that enhance housing, hygiene, security protocols, and working conditions. (c) 2024 Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institute, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. This is an open ac

关键词： Diseases Machine learning multi-level modeling Occupational health Waste collectors

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multi-level modeling in Systems Biology by Discrete Event Approaches

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IT-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2006年第3期48卷 148-153页

作者： Uhrmacher, Adelinde Kuttler, Celine Univ Rostock Dept Comp Sci Albert Einstein Str 21 D-18051 Rostock Germany Interdisciplinary Res Inst Modeling & Simulat Gene Regulatory Networks Lille France

The creation of models for heterogeneous and complex cellular networks is a central goal of Systems Biology. When modeling a biological network, one may wish to account for certain aspects in detail, while a bird's eye perspective would seem more appropriate for other parts. multi-level models combine such overview and detail representations. We illustrate multi-level modeling with gene regulation of the Tryptophan operon in E. coli. We review three discrete event modeling formalisms and discuss model design therein: DEVS, STATECHARTS, and stochastic pi-CALCULUS. This introductory presentation already reveals some of their respective virtues and shortcomings.

关键词： J.3 [Life and Medical Sciences] I.6 [Simulation and modeling] modeling Simulation Simulation Languages multi-level modeling Discrete-event modeling Systems Biology

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multi-level modeling of Aspects Associated With Poor Mental Health in a Sample of Prehospital Emergency Professionals

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE 2011年第11期54卷 847-857页

作者： Arial, Marc Wild, Pascal Benoit, Damien Chouaniere, Dominique Danuser, Brigitta Univ Lausanne Inst Work & Hlth CH-1011 Lausanne Switzerland PW Stat Consulting Laxou France Ergon Ch Blonay Switzerland

Background The goal of this paper is to investigate the respective influence of work characteristics, the effort-reward ratio, and overcommitment on the poor mental health of out-of-hospital care providers. Methods 333 out-of-hospital care providers answered a questionnaire that included queries on mental health (GHQ-12), demographics, health-related information and work characteristics, questions from the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and items about overcommitment. A two-level multiple regression was performed between mental health (the dependent variable) and the effort-reward ratio, the overcommitment score, weekly number of interventions, percentage of non-prehospital transport of patients out of total missions, gender, and age. Participants were first-level units, and ambulance services were second-level units. We also shadowed ambulance personnel for a total of 416 hr. Results With cutoff points of 2/3 and 3/4 positive answers on the GHQ-12, the percentages of potential cases with poor mental health were 20% and 15%, respectively. The effort-reward ratio was associated with poor mental health (P < 0.001), irrespective of age or gender. Overcommitment was associated with poor mental health;this association was stronger in women (beta = 0.054) than in men (beta = 0.020). The percentage of prehospital missions out of total missions was only associated with poor mental health at the individual level. Conclusions Emergency medical services should pay attention to the way employees perceive their efforts and the rewarding aspects of their work: an imbalance of those aspects is associated with poor mental health. Low perceived esteem appeared particularly associated with poor mental health. This suggests that supervisors of emergency medical services should enhance the value of their employees' work. Employees with overcommitment should also receive appropriate consideration. Preventive measures should target individual perceptions of effort and reward in o

关键词： ambulance paramedics effort-reward imbalance out-of-hospital care providers multi-level modeling GHQ

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multi-level modeling without Classical modeling Facilities 8th

Multi-level Modeling without Classical Modeling Facilities

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8th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development (MODELSWARD)

作者： Somogyi, Ferenc A. Theisz, Zoltan Bacsi, Sandor Mezei, Gergely Palatinszky, Daniel Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Automat & Appl Informat Muegyet Rkp 3 Budapest Hungary Evopro Syst Engn Ltd Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9789897584008

multi-level modeling is a modeling paradigm that has been becoming more and more popular in recent years. The ultimate goal of multi-level modeling is to reduce accidental complexity that may arise from modeling methodologies that are not suitable to describe multi-level models. However, currently, most multi-level modeling approaches are dependent on classical modeling facilities, like OMG's four-level modeling architecture. The potency notion is one of the most widely-used enablers of multi-level modeling that governs the depth model elements can be instantiated at. In this paper, we propose an alternative implementation to the first incarnation of the potency notion, the so-called classic potency notion. Its multi-level nature is mapped into our multi-layer modeling framework, which liberates it from direct dependence on classical modeling facilities. We examine the proposed mapping in details and also demonstrate it via a simple case study. This work is aimed as the first step towards a generic multi-level modeling framework where researchers can freely experiment with novel multi-level modeling ideas and can share and compare their results without worrying about any sorts of tool dependence.

关键词： multi-level modeling multi-layer modeling Potency Notion

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multi-level modeling of PFC rectifier and dc-dc converter modules in inter-connected switching power supply systems

Multi-level modeling of PFC rectifier and dc-dc converter mo...

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22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2007)

作者： Wang, Runxin Liu, Jinjun Wang, Hao Hou, Qinsan Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424407132

A multi-level approach to modeling power factor correction (PFC) rectifier and de-dc converter modules in interconnected switching power supply systems is illustrated in this paper. A three-level hierarchy for modeling these modules is proposed and defined. The most recent results from simulations and experiments are provided to show effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： power supply module multi-level modeling computer simulation SIMPLIS

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multi-level modeling Framework for Machine as a Service Applications Based on Product Process Resource Models 18

Multi-Level Modeling Framework for Machine as a Service Appl...

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2nd International Symposium on Computer Science and Intelligent Control (ISCSIC)

作者： Brecher, Christian Kusmenko, Evgeny Lindt, Achim Rumpe, Bernhard Storms, Simon Wein, Stephan von Wenckstern, Michael Wortmann, Andreas Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Werkzeugmaschinen Lab Aachen Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Software Engn SE Comp Sci 3 Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450366281

At present, manufacturing processes are highly tailored to a specific product. Changes in product requirements therefore lead to big manual efforts for adapting the manufacturing process and reconfiguring production resources accordingly. Existing approaches do not cope well with this complexity. This hinders agile, customer-oriented manufacturing. A promising approach for automated assembling processes is the Machine as a Service paradigm, which aims for providing production resources on demand. This requires a consistent and pervasive formalization of product specifications, the corresponding manufacturing resources and their interdependencies. Thus, our first contribution is a generic and extensible multi-level and modular modeling framework to formalize products and available resources. Our framework is scalable for large companies and enables reuse for cross-company collaboration and supplier integration. Thereby, the static relationship between product, process and resource is avoided by describing product features and resource skills in separate models. Our framework uses the standardized SysML/UML. Our second contribution is the ability of our framework to integrate different standards. For demonstration, we apply our multi-level approach to a flexible assembly of terminal boxes for transmission gears and show the integration of standards by embedding the eCl@ss classification.

关键词： multi-level modeling Industry 4.0 Components Asset Administration Shell Integration of Ontologies Language Adaption and Aggregation Machine as a Service PPR Models

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multi-level modeling for Industrial Automation Systems

Multi-Level Modeling for Industrial Automation Systems

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35th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications

作者： Aschauer, Thomas Dauenhauer, Gerd Pree, Wolfgang Salzburg Univ C Doppler Lab Embedded Software Syst A-5020 Salzburg Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9780769537849

Model-driven engineering of software intensive systems requires adequate means for describing their essential properties. For the domain of testbed automation systems, conventional modeling formalisms fall short due to the inadequacy of a fixed meta-level hierarchy. In this paper we identify the core problems by examining real-world examples. As a solution, we propose using a unification of classes and objects, known as clabjects. We propose extensions to the basic clabject notion for handling connector inheritance and instantiation, which are essential for bridging the gap between theoretical foundations and industrial applications.

关键词： multi-level modeling clabjects

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multi-level modeling with DMLA: A Contribution to the multi Warehouse Challenge 24

Multi-Level Modeling with DMLA: A Contribution to the MULTI ...

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ACM/IEEE 27th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings (MODELS)

作者： Mezei, Gergely Somogyi, Ferenc Gembela, Gergely Somogyi, Norbert Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Automat & Appl Informat Fac Elect Engn & Informat Muegyet Rkp 3 H-1111 Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706226

This paper presents a contribution to the multi 2023 Warehouse Challenge issued to assess the capabilities and limits of multi-level modeling approaches and to foster discussion in the community. The challenge specifies a warehouse that contains product specifications and product copies that can have different features at different abstraction levels. The solution was developed using the Dynamic multi-Layer Algebra (DMLA), a multi-layer modeling approach. First, we briefly introduce DMLA and the background of the challenge. Then, we discuss our interpretation of the challenge requirements, present our model and analyze how it fulfills the requirements of the challenge. Finally, we discuss the merits and limitations of the solution and the mandatory discussion aspects of the challenge.

关键词： multi-level modeling warehouse challenge DMLA

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On model-based analysis of organizational structures: an assessment of current modeling approaches and application of multi-level modeling in support of design and analysis of organizational structures

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modeling 2020年第2期19卷 313-343页

作者： de Kinderen, Sybren Kaczmarek-Hess, Monika Univ Duisburg Essen Informat Syst & Enterprise Modeling Essen Germany

Conceptual modeling promises to support various analysis questions on organizational structures, such as allocation of tasks, responsibilities, and authority in an organization. In this paper, we first synthesize requirements on an organizational structure analysis from the business scholar literature and assess to what extent and how current modeling languages fulfill these. In particular, we find limitations in the covered scope as well as the information processing capabilities of the reviewed approaches. Second, as a response to identified gaps, we propose multi-level modeling and integrated modeling and programming as a way to support design and analysis of organizational structure. We use the structure of universities as a case scenario. This paper is an extension of our earlier work. Firstly, we add an explicit set of requirements derived from business scholar literature. Secondly, we draw a comparison to the abstraction mechanisms used in conventional meta-modeling, as prominently exemplified by UML class diagrams, and we critically discuss multi-level modeling. Finally, we discuss a prototypical implementation of our multi-level model in the XModeler software tool.

关键词： Organizational structure multi-level modeling Conceptual modeling

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multi-dimensional multi-level modeling

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modeling 2022年第2期21卷 543-559页

作者： Kuehne, Thomas Victoria Univ Wellington Wellington New Zealand

The growth of multi-level modeling has resulted in an increase of level-organization alternatives which significantly differ from each other with respect to their underlying foundations and the well-formedness rules they enforce. Alternatives substantially diverge with respect to how level boundaries should govern instance-of relationships, what modeling mechanisms they employ, and what modeling principles they establish. In this article, I analyze how a number of multi-level modeling approaches deal with certain advanced modeling scenarios. In particular, I identify linear domain metamodeling, i.e., the requirement that all domain-induced instance-of relationships align with a single global level-hierarchy, as a source of accidental complexity. I propose a novel multi-dimensional multi-level modeling approach based on the notion of orthogonal ontological classification that supports modeling of domain scenarios with minimal complexity while supporting separation of concerns and sanity-checking to avoid inconsistent modeling choices.

关键词： multi-level modeling level well-formedness Sanity-checking Ontological classification multi-dimensional

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