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Exploring the trade-off between competing objectives for electricity energy retailers through a novel multi-objective framework

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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 2015年第Feb.期91卷 12-18页

作者： Charvvand, Mansour Ahmadi, Abdollah Siano, Pierluigi Dargahi, Vahid Sarno, Debora HEPDC Bandar Abbas Iran Univ New S Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW Australia Univ Salerno Dept Ind Engn Fisciano Italy Clemson Univ Holcombe Dept Elect & Comp Engn Microgrid & Power Elect Lab Clemson SC 29634 USA

Energy retailer is the intermediary between Generation Companies and consumers. In the medium time horizon, in order to gain market share, he has to minimize his selling price while looking at the profit, which is dependent on the revenues from selling and the costs to buy energy from forward contracts and participation in the market pool. In this paper, the two competing objectives are engaged proposing a new multi-objective framework in which a epsilon-constraint mathematical technique is used to produce the Pareto front (set of optimal solutions). The stochasticity of energy prices in the market and customer load demand are coped with the Lattice Monte Carlo Simulation (LMCS) and the method of the roulette wheel, which allow the stochastic multi-objective problem to be turned into a set of deterministic equivalents. The method performance is tested into some case studies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy retailer Forward contracts multi-objective mathematical programming epsilon-constraint method

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multi-objective electricity market clearing considering dynamic security by lexicographic optimization and augmented epsilon constraint method

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APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING 2011年第4期11卷 3846-3858页

作者： Aghaei, J. Amjady, N. Shayanfar, H. A. Shiraz Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Shiraz Iran Semnan Univ Dept Elect Engn Semnan Iran Iran Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Ctr Excellence Power Syst Automat & Operat Tehran Iran

In this paper, a new multi-objective model for electricity market clearing, considering both voltage and dynamic security aspects of the power system, is proposed. The objective functions of the proposed model include offer cost, voltage stability margin (VSM) and corrected transient energy margin (CTEM). A new solution method incorporating the lexicographic optimization and augmented epsilon-constraint method is proposed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. The New England test system is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. The proposed strategy is also compared with the conventional epsilon-constraint technique. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electricity market clearing multi-objective mathematical programming Voltage stability margin Corrected transient energy margin

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Short-term resource scheduling of a renewable energy based micro grid

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RENEWABLE ENERGY 2015年 75卷 598-606页

作者： Izadbakhsh, Maziar Gandomkar, Majid Rezvani, Alireza Ahmadi, Abdollah Islamic Azad Univ Saveh Branch Dept Elect Engn Saveh Iran Islamic Azad Univ Dept Elect Engn Sci & Res Branch Fars Iran

In recent years due to the decreasing fossil fuel reserves and the increasing social stress, complex power networks have no other choices except to seek for alternative energy sources to eliminate the environmental issues caused by the traditional power systems. Thus, the scheduling of energy sources in a complex Micro-Grid (MG) comprising Micro Turbine (MT), Photo Voltaic (PV), Fuel Cell (FC), battery units and Wind Turbine (WT) has been investigated in this paper. Furthermore, a multi-objective framework is presented to simultaneously handle the two objective functions including minimization of total operation cost and minimization of emission. In this regard, Normal Boundary intersection (NB!) technique is employed to solve the proposed multi-objective problem and generate the Pareto set. Besides, a fuzzy satisfying method is used for decision making process. Afterward, the results obtained from the presented method are compared to the ones derived from other methods. Finally, it is verified that the proposed solution method results in better solutions for operation cost, emission and the execution time. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Micro-gird Renewable energy resources multi-objective mathematical programming Short term environmental/economical scheduling Normal boundary intersection method

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A Lexicographic Optimization and Augmented ε-constraint Technique for Short-term Environmental/Economic Combined Heat and Power Scheduling

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ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 2014年第9期42卷 945-958页

作者： Ahmadi, Abdollah Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel Islamic Azad Univ Sci & Res Branch Dept Elect Engn Fars Iran Islamic Azad Univ Sci & Res Branch Dept Civil Engn Fars Iran Islamic Azad Univ Najafabad Branch Dept Elect Engn Najafabad Iran

In recent years, combined heat and power units have become significant elements in conventional power stations due their numerous merits, including operational cost savings and reduced emissions. In this regard, this article proposes a short-term multi-objective framework for the combined heat and power economic/emission dispatch problem. In addition, to more precisely model the problem, the non-linear forms of fuel cost functions and valve-point loading along with power transmission loss are considered. The objectives of the problem are total cost minimization as well as minimization of pollutant emissions;lexicographic optimization and the augmented epsilon-constraint technique are employed to solve the multi-objective problem. Also, a fuzzy decision making technique has been used to select the most preferred solution among the Pareto solutions. Afterward, a comprehensive comparison is performed between the results obtained from the proposed method and those derived from the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm 2, and multi-objective line-up competition algorithm, verifying the superiority of the presented approach for lower execution time, total cost, and emission. Furthermore, the proposed model is implemented on a large-scale test system while the execution time is rational.

关键词： economic/emission dispatch multi-objective mathematical programming fuzzy decision-making technique combined heat and power valve-point loading

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Stochastic multi-objective congestion management in power markets improving voltage and transient stabilities

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EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER 2011年第1期21卷 99-115页

作者： Esmaili, Masoud Amjady, Nima Shayanfar, Heidar Ali Iran Univ Sci & Technol Ctr Excellence Power Syst Automat & Operat Tehran Iran Semnan Univ Dept Elect Engn Semnan Iran

Congestion management is traditionally done using deterministic values of power system parameters. After relieving congestion using conventional methods, the network may be operated with a low voltage or transient stability margin because of hitting security limits. In this paper, a stochastic multi-objective framework considering power system uncertainties is proposed to enhance voltage and transient stabilities after congestion management. The uncertainty sources incorporate contingencies of generating units and branches. The proposed multi-objective framework simultaneously optimizes competing objective functions of congestion management cost, voltage security, and dynamic security under a stochastic framework. The proposed framework not only captures a more uncertainty spectrum of the power system compared with deterministic methods, but also establishes a sufficient level of voltage and dynamic security after congestion management. Results of testing the proposed framework and previous congestion management methods on the New-England power system, discussed in detail, elaborate the efficiency of the proposed framework. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： electricity market stochastic congestion management multi-objective mathematical programming corrected transient stability function voltage stability security cost

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Reducing carbon footprint of deep-sea oil and gas field exploitation by optimization for Floating Production Storage and Offloading

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APPLIED ENERGY 2020年第0期261卷 114398-000页

作者： Li, Zhuochao Zhang, Haoran Meng, Jing Long, Yin Yan, Yamin Li, Meixuan Huang, Zhongliang Liang, Yongtu China Univ Petr Beijing Key Lab Urban Oil & Gas Distribut Technol Fuxue Rd 18 Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Univ Tokyo Ctr Spatial Informat Sci 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 2778563 Japan UCL Bartlett Sch Construct & Project Management London WC1E 7HB England Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Frontier Sci Dept Environm Syst 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 2778563 Japan CNPC Offshore Engn Co Ltd Taiyanggong South St 23 Beijing 100028 Peoples R China

Deep-sea oil and gas fields are acting as a vital role by providing substantial oil and gas resource, and Floating Production Storage and Offloading is an indispensable tool for the development of offshore oil and gas fields effectively. Here, Life Cycle Assessment is applied to evaluate environmental loads in the whole life cycle of the deep-sea oil and gas production. This paper explores the carbon footprint of Floating Production Storage and Offloading as the time axis. It is found that Floating Production Storage and Offloading is a conceptual product at the design stage and does not generate carbon emission, while the operational stage releases considerable emission by the fuel combustion process, accounting for 88.2% of the entire life cycle. To decrease this part of carbon emission, distributed energy system is considered as a promising choice because it integrates different energy resources and provides an economic and environmental energy allocation scheme to meet the energy demand. For the operation stage, this paper establishes a multi-objective mathematical programming model to determine the selection and capacity of facilities with minimum annual total cost and carbon emissions by considering the energy balance and technical constraints. The model is validated by an example and solved by the weight method. According to designer's demand, distributed energy system can optimize economic objectives in a maximum range of 14.6%, and a maximum emission reduction of 4.53% can be expected compared with the traditional scheme. Sensitivity analysis shows that cost is more sensitive to natural gas price.

关键词： Carbon footprint Distributed energy system Life cycle assessment multi-objective mathematical programming Floating Production Storage and Offloading

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Stochastic multi-objective Short-term Hydro-thermal Self-scheduling in Joint Energy and Reserve Markets Considering Wind-Photovoltaic Uncertainty and Small Hydro Units

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 2021年第3期16卷 1327-1347页

作者： Behnamfar, Mohammad Reza Barati, Hassan Karami, Mahdi Islamic Azad Univ Dept Elect Engn Dezful Branch Dezful Iran Islamic Azad Univ Dept Elect Engn Ahvaz Branch Ahvaz Iran

In this paper, a stochastic multi-objective structure is introduced in joint energy and reserve market to allow energy generation companies (GENCOs) participating in the short-term hydro-thermal self-scheduling with wind, photovoltaic uncertainty and small-hydro units. In addition, uncertainties including energy price, spinning and non-spinning reserve prices as well as the uncertainty of renewable energy resources such as output power of the wind, PV and small-hydro power plants are mentioned. One pivotal feature of this study is that two methods are used to generate stochastic multi-objective scenarios, namely lattice monte carlo simulation and roulette wheel mechanism. After that, the main purpose of the study is described, i.e., making GENCOs able to achieve the maximum profit and the minimum emission by using a multi-objective function considering a stochastic process. To reach this aim, the mixed integer programming which includes a set of multi stage deterministic scenarios is employed. However, some special cases should be introduced in the formulation structure of the presented scheduling regarding hydro-thermal units to make the SMO-HTSS problem with wind, PV and SH units alike real time modeling. Since optimal Pareto solutions are produced in this method, one can allude to the application of the epsilon-constraint method. Nevertheless, in order to select one of the most appropriate solutions among Pareto solutions obtained, the utilization of fuzzy method has been presented. In the end, some tests are carried out on an IEEE 118-bus test system to verify the accuracy and validity of the proposed method.

关键词： Stochastic programming Hydro-thermal self-scheduling Price uncertainty multi-objective mathematical programming Wind and photovoltaic power uncertainty Small-hydro power plant

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multi-objective congestion management incorporating voltage and transient stabilities

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ENERGY 2009年第9期34卷 1401-1412页

作者： Esmaili, Masoud Shayanfar, Heidar Ali Amjady, Nima Iran Univ Sci & Technol Ctr Excellence Power Syst Automat & Operat Tehran Iran Semnan Univ Dept Elect Engn Semnan Iran

Congestion in a power system is turned up due to operating limits. To relieve congestion in a deregulated power market, the system operator pays to market participants considering their bids to alter their active powers. After relieving congestion, the network may be operated with a reduced voltage or transient stability margin because of hitting security limits or increasing the contribution of risky participants. The proposed multi-objective framework for congestion management in this paper simultaneously optimizes competing objective functions of congestion management cost, voltage security, and dynamic security. The voltage stability margin and corrected transient energy margin are employed as indices to be incorporated into the multi-objective congestion management. A fuzzy decision maker is proposed to derive the most efficient solution among Pareto-optimal solutions of multi-objective mathematical programming problem. Results of testing the proposed method on the New-England test system elaborate the efficiency of the proposed method. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Power system Power market Congestion management Corrected transient stability function Voltage stability Security cost multi-objective mathematical programming

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multi-objective analysis of ground-level ozone concentration control

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2004年第1期71卷 25-33页

作者： Guariso, G Pirovano, G Volta, M Univ Brescia Dip Elettron Automaz I-25123 Brescia Italy Politecn Milan DEI I-20133 Milan Italy CESI Milan Italy

To develop sound air quality plans, regional authorities should have instruments that link the complex behaviour of pollutants both in time and space with costs of emission reduction. The problem is particularly important for ground level ozone which forms kilometres away, hours later from the emission of its precursors. To approach this problem, a method (1) to identify local pollutant-precursor models on the basis of results from a large photochemical model (CALGRID), (2) to integrate them in a multi-objective mathematical program, together with an estimate of the emission reduction costs, is suggested. The method has been used to assess action priorities in Lombardy (Northern Italy). This area, characterised by a complex terrain, high urban and industrial emissions and a dense road network is often affected by severe photochemical pollution episodes during summer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： atmospheric pollution emission reduction multi-objective mathematical programming pareto optimality regional control

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Security-constrained transmission expansion planning: A stochastic multi-objective approach

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS 2012年第1期43卷 444-453页

作者： Akbari, Tohid Rahimi-Kian, Ashkan Bina, Mohammad Tavakoli KN Toosi Univ Technol Fac Elect Engn Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Coll Engn Sch ECE CIPCE Tehran 14174 Iran Univ Tehran Coll Engn Sch ECE Smart Networks Lab Tehran 14174 Iran

This article presents a stochastic multi-objective optimization framework for transmission expansion planning (TEP) with steady state voltage security management, using AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF). The objectives are to minimize the sum of transmission investment costs (ICs), minimize the Expected Operation Cost (EOC), minimize the Expected Load Shedding Cost (ELSC) and maximize the Expected Loading Factor (ELF). The system load uncertainty has been considered and the corresponding scenarios are generated employing the Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. A scenario reduction technique is applied to reduce the number of scenarios. A multi-objective mathematical programming (MMP) is formulated and the epsilon-constraint method is used to solve the formulated problem. The N - 1 contingency analysis is also considered for the proposed TEP problem. The proposed TEP model has been applied to the well-known IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System. The detailed results of the case study are presented and thoroughly analyzed. The obtained TEP results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： AC-optimal power flow multi-objective mathematical programming multi-stage stochastic programming N-1 contingency analysis Security constrained transmission expansion planning (SC-TEP) Voltage stability margin

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