This paper proposes a two-stage multi-attributeanalysis method in conceptualizing the feasible electrification strategy with optimal capacities for a mid-rise building situated in El-Qsier urban city, Egypt. The prop...
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This paper proposes a two-stage multi-attributeanalysis method in conceptualizing the feasible electrification strategy with optimal capacities for a mid-rise building situated in El-Qsier urban city, Egypt. The proposed model measures the implementation practicability of hybrid mini-grid against stand-alone diesel and the utility grid extension systems. The model takes into consideration, simultaneously, a total of 12 attributes covering technical, economic, environmental, and socio-political sustainability aspects. First, an accurate Energy-EnviroEconomic (3E) optimization analysis is performed to determine the set of feasible configurations using HOMER Pro software. Second, a multi-attributedecisionmaking (MADM) model is established based on AHP, TOPSIS, VIKOR, CODAS, WASPAS methods to identify the unique best alternative. The results of the 3E optimization and decisionmaking analyses confirm the non-viability of the reference site for grid extension against other off-grid systems. Also, the 100 % hybrid renewable mini-grid system is nominated as the most sustainable design, and it yielded optimal capacities of 196 kW, 72 kW, 587 kW h, and 75 kW for photovoltaic, wind turbine, converter, and battery. The system has total life-cycle and energy costs of 751,597$ and 0.2374$/kWh, respectively, with a zero-emission value and maximum social benefits equals 0.6089 jobs/year. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis elucidates that the load growth and battery cost have a high impact on investment decisions rather than solar irradiance and wind speed.
While industrial sector has long been the economic engine of China's Capital Economic Circle (CEC) including Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei province, the consequences of its rapid expansion such as environmental degr...
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While industrial sector has long been the economic engine of China's Capital Economic Circle (CEC) including Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei province, the consequences of its rapid expansion such as environmental degradation and social concerns are attracting exceptional attention. In recent years, policies and measures are largely applied to industrial sector of the CEC to find out a sustainable pathway. However, the sustainable development performance is lacking in scientific evaluation. To comprehensively understand the status quo of industrial performance under the pressure of climate change adaptation and mitigation, this study establishes an evaluation framework of sustainable performance for industrial sector of the CEC, synthesizing the economic, environmental and social pillars. Particularly, we use global principal component analysis (GPCA), a dynamic multi-criteria decisionmaking model, to assess the progress of industrial performance in each region from a time series perspective. We find that industrial sectors in all three regions show good trends of sustainable development during 2009-2015. Among them, the industrial sector of Tianjin performed the best and maintained the best improving status because of its positive performance on innovation, employees' benefits, and economic structure. The industrial sector in Beijing had medium performance but it had outstanding advantages on social dimension for its high proportion of R&D employment with high income level. Hebei's industrial sector performed the worst for its relatively lower energy efficiency and heavy industry-based economic structure. The innovation-driven development mode in Beijing and Tianjin provides a direction for Hebei's industrial sectors. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Advances in upstream technologies and growing commercial demand have led to cell culture processes of ever larger volumes and expressing at higher product titers. This has increased the burden on downstream processing...
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Advances in upstream technologies and growing commercial demand have led to cell culture processes of ever larger volumes and expressing at higher product titers. This has increased the burden on downstream processing. Concerns regarding the capacity limitations of packed-bed chromatography have led process engineers to begin investigating new bioseparation techniques that may be considered as "alternatives" to chromatography, and which could potentially offer higher processing capacities but at a lower cost. With the wide range of alternatives, which are currently available, each with their own strengths and inherent limitations, coupled with the time pressures associated with process development, the challenge for process engineers is to determine which technologies are most worth investigating. This article presents a methodology based on a multiattributedecisionmaking (MADM) analysis approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data, which can be used to determine the "industrial attractiveness" of bioseparation technologies, accounting for trade-offs between their strengths and weaknesses. By including packed-bed chromatography in the analysis as a reference point, it was possible to determine the alternatives, which show the Most promise for use in large-scale manufacturing processes. The results of this analysis show that although the majority of alternative techniques offer certain advantages over conventional packed-bed chromatography, their attractiveness overall means that currently none of these technologies may be considered as viable alternatives to chromatography. The methodology introduced in this study may be used to gain significant quantitative insight as to the key areas in which improvements are,e required for each technique, and thus may be used as a tool to aid in further technological development.
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