The present study aims to propose a method for designing a predictive functional control (PFC) based on the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm for the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) process with time delay. ...
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The present study aims to propose a method for designing a predictive functional control (PFC) based on the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm for the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) process with time delay. Due to the cross-coupling, time delay, and other MIMO industrial process challenges, the classical controller could not overcome the system challenges. PFC is a model-based predictive controller that uses the state-space equations of the system. According to the results, the optimisation problem is resolved using the PSO for determining the optimal controller parameters. The incorporated PFC and PSO's performance as the proposed controller is evaluated using simulations on the chamber pressure coke furnace as a MIMO process with time-delay. The simulation results demonstrate that the PFC variables tuned by the PSO approach have better performance compared to the conventional PFC, especially in the presence of disturbances and uncertainty.
In this study, a terahertz dual-band-high-gain, multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) antenna with two and four input ports was realized, with gain values of up to 7.16dBi and 6.44dBi, respectively. This represents an incre...
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In this study, a terahertz dual-band-high-gain, multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) antenna with two and four input ports was realized, with gain values of up to 7.16dBi and 6.44dBi, respectively. This represents an increase in gain of 102.4% and 81.8%, respectively, compared to single-input port antennas. By calculating and analyzing the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and diversity gain, the two MIMO antennas achieved perfect impedance matching at their resonance points. Moreover, the interference between the elements of the MIMO antenna was small, and an isolation effect between the units was realized. These MIMO antennas can achieve multiple input signals to regulate the antenna radiation performance and improve signal strength and quality. In addition, they possess good development prospects for achieving high-speed data transmission in the terahertz band and in mobile communication.
Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control approach which mimics the behavior of conventional synchronous generator (SG) is an attractive solution to integrate low inertia inverter-based distributed energy resources ...
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Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control approach which mimics the behavior of conventional synchronous generator (SG) is an attractive solution to integrate low inertia inverter-based distributed energy resources into SG-based microgrids (MGs). As a result, parallel operation of VSGs and SG is a common practice to guarantee the stability of the MGs. Induction motors (IMs) with heavy reactive power demand during acceleration in post-fault condition heighten the risk of instability of SG-based MGs in islanding subsequent to faults. In this paper a novel VSG control system based on the concept of VSG is developed for inverters operating in parallel with SG to improve the voltage and frequency stability of MG with high penetration of IM loads during faults. For this purpose, a fault tolerant enhancement (FTE) module is added to the core of the VSG control system. Accurate reference power tacking in grid-connected (GC) mode, the capability of forming a MG in stand-alone (SA) mode when the SG is out of service and resistance against the grid disturbance are other merits of employing the proposed control system. A current limiting strategy is adopted to restrict the inverter current during fault without devastating control system operation and causing instability. Moreover, a systematic approach for design of a robust dual loop multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control system for inverters is proposed. A new dynamic modeling approach is developed in order to analyze the behavior of the proposed control system and design control parameters. Extensive simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink are used to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed control. It is concluded in simulations that, unlike conventional VSG control, the proposed VSG maintains the voltage and frequency stability of the overall MG in islanding subsequent to a 140 ms fault. Furthermore, the proposed MIMO control and associated current limiting strategy improves the stability when a 140 ms fault occ
In this article, an extension of the L-1 adaptive control design is introduced for a class of non-affine multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics and unmeasured states. The system dynamics is r...
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In this article, an extension of the L-1 adaptive control design is introduced for a class of non-affine multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics and unmeasured states. The system dynamics is represented in the normal form with the bounded-input-bounded-output internal dynamics. At first, a stable virtual reference counterpart is constructed. Thereafter, a piece-wise continuous adaptive law is introduced to the actual system along with a low-pass filtered control signal that allows for achieving arbitrarily close tracking of the input and the output signals of the reference system. Rigorous mathematical proof is provided, and the theoretical results are verified with the simulation.
Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology provides a new energy transmission solution, which completely removes the shackles of wires. Although the magnetic coupler of the WPT system has a high degree of integration, i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665405287
Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology provides a new energy transmission solution, which completely removes the shackles of wires. Although the magnetic coupler of the WPT system has a high degree of integration, it can still avoid power fluctuation and even system failure in long-term work. In this paper, some early works of redundancy and fault-tolerant design in WPT systems are reviewed, and a kind of redundancy and fault-tolerant design method of the rotational wireless power transfer system is proposed. Both passive and active fault-tolerant control (FTC) methods for the WPT system were put forward at the same time. Two redundant coil structures of the magnetic coupler are designed by magnetic and circuit fault tolerance method of the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) WPT system. By monitoring real-time electromagnetic parameters, the fluctuation and fault of the WPT system can be quickly diagnosed and removed, and the derating operation state can be realized in time.
The synchronous integration of numerous input and output loads is possible with multi-input (MI) and multi-output (MO) DC-DC converters. In this paper, the non-isolated DC-DC converter described, which has a high step...
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The synchronous integration of numerous input and output loads is possible with multi-input (MI) and multi-output (MO) DC-DC converters. In this paper, the non-isolated DC-DC converter described, which has a high step-up capability and multiple ports for outputs and inputs for energy storage system (ESS) applications. The voltage level of the converter is changeable. The capacity to provide the large voltage increases with a low duty cycle portion, the ease with which each duty cycle can be controlled, and minimal power losses are all advantages of the proposed design. The proposed system offers advantages for applications requiring energy storage. In the continuous conduction mode (CCM), the operation principles, steady-state evaluation, and extracting of the voltage and current coefficients are performed. The supply sources can be inserted or withdrawn without causing a cross-regulation issue in the proposed converter. Ultimately, the functionality of the proposed structure is examined using simulation and the laboratory prototype that has been implemented. The proposed converter achieved 94.3% efficiency at maximum power. In addition, the proposed converter attained minimum losses with a difference of 28.5 W when compared to a conventional converter.
Receive Spatial Modulation (RSM) uses the index of the receive antenna to convey additional information bits, which reduces the receiver complexity and improves spectral efficiency. Additionally, it provides inherent ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728195056
Receive Spatial Modulation (RSM) uses the index of the receive antenna to convey additional information bits, which reduces the receiver complexity and improves spectral efficiency. Additionally, it provides inherent physical layer security using the Zero-forcing (ZF) precoding technique. However, the channel becomes vulnerable to eavesdropper (Eve) if the channel impulse response is assumed to be time-invariant or stationary through coherent block intervals. In this paper, a physical layer secure scheme is proposed based on phase index RSM to combat eaves-droppers that use k-nearest neighbors (KNN) supervised pattern recognition. The average bit error rate (BER) performance shows the ability of the proposed scheme to provide a suitable level of security while degrading the average BER performance of Eve.
We present a new type of polarization-maintaining supermode fiber which can separate adjacent modes from each other. The proposed polarization-maintaining supermode fiber features an octagonal core composed of multipl...
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We present a new type of polarization-maintaining supermode fiber which can separate adjacent modes from each other. The proposed polarization-maintaining supermode fiber features an octagonal core composed of multiple high-refractive-index circular holes. By using high refractive index cores and setting the angle subtly between the cores, the fiber proposed can support 22 modes with different polarization states under two parameters in the entire C-band. Through the finite element method simulation, we conducted simulation study to analyze the influence of the angle between the cores and the core diameter on the performance of the optical fiber. In addition, we analyzed effective refractive index difference (d(neff)) and effective modal area (A(eff)) of the fiber for each characteristic mode. The differential mode delay (DMD) under different cores angle is also calculated. Numerical results present that the minimum A neff of the octagonal polarization-maintaining supermode fiber in the entire C-band under the two parameters is greater than 1.1 x 10(-4). It was measured to have good tolerance under the condition of unsatisfactory structure. These results indicate that the proposed fiber is superior candidate for improving the optical transmission capacity in the transmission of the mode division multiplexing system.
This study considers a detection scheme for cooperative multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems using one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in a decode-and-forward (DF) relay protocol. The use of one-bit ADCs is...
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This study considers a detection scheme for cooperative multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems using one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in a decode-and-forward (DF) relay protocol. The use of one-bit ADCs is a promising technique for reducing the power consumption, which is necessary for supporting future wireless systems comprising a large number of antennas. However, the use of a large number of antennas remains still limited to mobile devices owing to their size. Cooperative communication using a DF relay can resolve this limitation;however, detection errors at the relay make it difficult to employ cooperative communication directly. This difficulty is more severe in a MIMO system using one-bit ADCs due to its nonlinear nature. To efficiently address the difficulty, this paper proposes a detection scheme that mitigates the error propagation effect. The upper bound of the pairwise error probability (PEP) of one-bit ADCs is first derived in a weighted Hamming distance form. Then, using the derived PEP, the proposed detection for the DF relay protocol is derived as a single weighted Hamming distance. Finally, the complexity of the proposed detection is analyzed in terms of real multiplications. The simulation results show that the proposed detection method efficiently mitigates the error propagation effect but has a relatively low level of complexity when compared to conventional detection methods.
The Municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) process with complex mechanism and strong nonlinearity is an important part of resource cycle. It is a challenge to design its multivariable controlled object model and c...
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The Municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) process with complex mechanism and strong nonlinearity is an important part of resource cycle. It is a challenge to design its multivariable controlled object model and control strategy. To solve this problem, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) data-driven model and a multi-loop PID controller are proposed in this paper. Firstly, a feature selection method based on Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and expert knowledge is used to analyze the relationship between the manipulated variable and the controlled variable of MSWI process. Secondly, a MIMO Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy neural network (TSFNN) based on multi-task learning (MTL) is designed to construct the multivariable controlled object model. Thirdly, a multi-loop PID controller based on quasi-diagonal recurrent neural network (QDRNN) is constructed, which has self-feedback channel and interconnection channel, and can adjust the control parameters automatically. Next, the stability of control strategy is proved by Lyapunov second method. Finally, the modeling effect and control performance are confirmed on the simulation experiments based on the real MSWI process data.
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