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用于5G多波束MIMO系统的先进低温共烧陶瓷封装的39 GHz双信道收发器芯片组

Engineering 2023年第3期22卷 125-140页

作者：尹宇明 Zhilin Chen 赵晨曦刘辉华吴韵秋 Wen-Yan Yin 康凯 School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

本文介绍了一种用于5G多输入多输出(MIMO)应用的39 GHz收发器前端芯片组。每个芯片包括两个可变增益的频率转换通道,可以同时支持两个独立波束,芯片还集成了一个本地振荡器链和数字模块,用于多芯片扩展和增益状态控制。为了提高射频性能... 详细信息

本文介绍了一种用于5G多输入多输出(MIMO)应用的39 GHz收发器前端芯片组。每个芯片包括两个可变增益的频率转换通道,可以同时支持两个独立波束,芯片还集成了一个本地振荡器链和数字模块,用于多芯片扩展和增益状态控制。为了提高射频性能,对前端系统的关键模块提出了几种电路级改进技术。此外,开发了一种先进的低温共烧陶瓷工艺来封装39 GHz双通道收发器芯片组,实现了低封装损耗和两个发射(TX)/接收(RX)通道之间的高隔离。进行了芯片级和系统级封装(SIP)测量,以演示收发器芯片组的性能。测量结果表明,TX SIP的最大增益为11 dB,饱和输出功率为10 dBm;RX SIP的最大增益为52 dB,噪声系数为5.4 dB,输出压缩点为7.2 dBm。该收发器的单通道通信链路测试表明,64正交调幅(QAM)调制的误差矢量幅度(EVM)为3.72%,频谱效率为3.25 bit·s^(−1)·Hz^(−1);256-QAM调制在1 m距离上的误差矢量幅度(EVM)为3.76%,频谱效率为3.9 bit·s^(−1)·Hz^(−1)。基于该芯片组,还开发了39 GHz多波束原型,用于执行5G毫米波应用的MIMO操作。单流和双流传输的空中通信链路表明,多波束原型机可以覆盖5~150 m的距离,吞吐量相当。

关键词： 5G multi-beam multi-input multi-output Millimeter-wave Transceiver Wireless communication

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A relationship between fatigue damage estimation under multi-axis and single-axis random vibration

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MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2024年 215卷

作者： Proner, Enrico Mucchi, Emiliano Tovo, Roberto Univ Ferrara Engn Dept Via G Saragat 1 I-44122 Ferrara Italy

Random vibration testing is traditionally performed by means of single -axis testing. However, real operational environment are in general characterized by multi -axis vibration. As a consequence, single -axis testing is incapable of reproducing the actual damaging process of a component in the laboratory. In this work the damage inflicted to a cantilever beam by multiaxis and sequential single -axis random excitation is compared. A fatigue testing campaign is carried out to establish the fatigue properties of the specimen under different types of vibration environment. The results of the fatigue testing campaign are used to define a relationship between the damage inflicted by multi -axis and sequential single -axis excitations. In particular, a correction factor is defined that allows to calculate the fatigue damage under multi -axis vibration environment knowing the damage inflicted by single -axis excitations. The correction factor takes into account the different activation of the vibrating modes of the specimen caused by different types of excitations. The correction factor for multi -axis vibration environments may allow to estimate the damage caused by multi -axis vibration with the use of a single -axis shaker, as well as allowing to calculate the required testing time for a multi -axis test starting from single -axis testing procedures, improving laboratory testing in terms of costs and realism.

关键词： multi-axis vibration teasing Sequential single-axis testing Fatigue Random vibration multi-input multi-output

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Formulation of nonlinear control problems with actuator saturation as linear programs

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL 2021年 61卷 133-141页

作者： Merrikh-Bayat, Farshad Afshar, Mehdi Univ Zanjan Dept Elect & Comp Engn Zanjan *** Iran Islamic Azad Univ Dept Math & Stat Zanjan Branch Zanjan Iran

Control of input-affine nonlinear dynamical systems is investigated in this paper. In this regard, a system of linear inequalities (SLI) in the control inputs is developed, and it is proved that if this SLI has a solution at all times, applying it to the system leads to moving its state trajectories towards the desired point in space for all initial conditions. But, since it may happen that this SLI has infinitely many solutions or even no solution, the best (possibly, approximate) solution is obtained by solving a linear programming (LP) problem. Different LP problems with different properties and applications are proposed for this purpose. Formulation of the control problem as an LP makes it possible to take into account the effect of actuator saturation simply by adding bound constraints to the problem. We can also make the resulting control system robust to model uncertainties. Some numerical examples including the output voltage regulation of double-source DC-DC converter and robot path-planning, both by considering the effect of actuators saturation and taking into account the uncertainties in model, are also presented. (c) 2021 European Control Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： input-affine nonlinear system Linear programming Control Actuator saturation Uncertainty multi-input multi-output

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Optimizing etching process recipe based on Kernel Ridge Regression

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JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 2021年 61卷 454-460页

作者： Chen, Heping Leclair, John Texas State Univ San Marcos TX 78666 USA Samsung Austin TX 78666 USA

Exploring optimal recipes to reduce dimensional variations is critical in etching processes. Variations in critical dimensions that were acceptable previously can become problematic because of smaller node sizes and more complex structures. Dry etch can be a major source of variations and will be the focus of this research. Advanced Process Control (APC) has been widely studied in semiconductor manufacturing. Even though different APC methods have been developed to adjust recipes, it is challenging to explore an optimal recipe to achieve multiple critical dimensions. In this paper, a learning method based on Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) is proposed to generate optimal recipes for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. A KRR parameter optimization method is developed. To improve the recipe optimization process, a feedback fine tuning method is proposed. Experimental data in a dry etch process were collected and processed for model construction and recipe optimization. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in exploring optimal recipes for MIMO systems.

关键词： Kernel Ridge Regression Etching process Advanced process control multi-input multi-output

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Particle swarm optimization assisted B-spline neural network based predistorter design to enable transmit precoding for nonlinear MIMO downlink

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2021年 458卷 336-348页

作者： Chen, Sheng Ng, Soon Xin Khalaf, Emad Morfeq, Ali Alotaibi, Naif Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England King Abdulaziz Univ Elect & Comp Engn Dept Fac Engn Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

For the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink employing high-order quadrature amplitude modulation signaling and with nonlinear high power amplifiers (HPAs) at base station transmitter, the existing precoding designs relying on the linear MIMO channel can no longer work. We propose an effi-cient and accurate predistorter design to enable transmit precoding for nonlinear MIMO downlink. Specifically, we obtain the closed-form least squares estimates of the nonlinear HPA's amplitude and phase response using two B-spline neural networks during training. The estimated HPA's phase response automatically yields the estimate of the predistorter's phase response. Based on the B-spline neural net-work estimate of the HPA's amplitude response, we construct a B-spline neural network model for the predistorter amplitude response, and we adopt a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve this highly nonlinear optimization problem. Using our accurate predistorter estimate to pre-compensate for the nonlinear distortions of the transmit HPAs, a standard full-digital transmit precoding design can readily be adopted to combat the MIMO channel interference. A simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed PSO assisted predistorter design. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization B-spline neural network Nonlinear inversion Nonlinear high power amplifier Predistorter multi-input multi-output Downlink precoding

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MIMO-employed coherent photonic-radar (MIMO-Co-PHRAD) for detection and ranging

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WIRELESS NETWORKS 2021年第4期27卷 2549-2558页

作者： Sharma, Vishal Kbashi, Hani J. Sergeyev, Sergey Aston Univ Sch Engn & Appl Sci Birmingham B4 7ET W Midlands England

Recently, the photonics-radar technology comes out as an attractive candidate in the arena of smart autonomous transportation, surveillance, and navigation-related applications owing to provide wide-spectra to attain improved and precise radar-resolutions. On the other hand, microwave radars, due to limited bandwidth, are incapable of coping with the demands of next-generation radar technology. Moreover, the atmospheric fluctuations become more prominent at higher frequencies and affect the radar's performance significantly. Subsequently, the authors develop a 2 x 2 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) employed linear frequency-modulated continuous-wave coherent photonic-radar system (MIMO-Co-PHRAD) using OptiSystem (TM) and MATLAB (TM) to attain a prolonged detection-range with an enhanced visibility. The developed MIMO-Co-PHRAD is investigated with heterodyne- and homodyne-detection approaches under weak-to-strong regimes of the atmospheric fluctuations like Rain and Fog. A comparison is also drawn for both the demonstrated MIMO-equipped laser-driven coherent photonic-radar systems. The performance of both the developed MIMO-Co-PHRAD systems is evaluated by measuring the intensity of reflected-echoes, signal-to-noise ratio, and range-Doppler patterns. A contrast with the single-input single-output coherent photonic-radar (SISO-Co-PHRAD) is also established to validate the robustness of the demonstrated MIMO-Co-PHRAD.

关键词： Photonic-radar Coherent detection multi-input multi-output Fog Rain

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Performance Analysis of Short-Packet Communication in MIMO System with Nonlinear Energy Scavenging

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IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2025年 1-13页

作者： Le-Thanh, Toi Ho-Van, Khuong Do-Dac, Thiem HCMC Univ Ind & Trade Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam VNU HCM Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol HCMUT Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Thu Dau Mot Univ Thu Dau Mot City Vietnam

Short-packet communication (SPC) in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) networks with energy scavenging (ES) harnesses modern techniques such as MIMO processing, SPC, and radio frequency ES to achieve optimal spectrum usage, high reliability, low latency, and high energy efficiency . Nevertheless, a comprehensive performance analysis of SPC in MIMO system with ES under practical circumstances-successive interference cancellation imperfection (SICi), channel state information imperfection (CSIi), and nonlinear ES (nlES)-has yet to be conducted, particularly for advanced and conventional multiple access (MA) schemes-nonorthogonal MA (NOMA) and orthogonal MA (OMA). This paper addresses this gap by proposing an analytical framework, validated through Monte Carlo simulations, which quickly evaluates the total throughput and average block-error rate of SPC in MIMO system with nlES in key parameters such as transmit power, SICi level, CSIi level, power splitting factor, time division factor, power saturation threshold, antenna configuration, energy conversion efficiency. The results reveal that, contrary to long-packet communication, NOMA performs worse than OMA in SPC in MIMO system with nlES.

关键词： Short-packet communication multiple access Energy harvesting multi-input multi-output

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A Decoupling Network for Resonant and Non-Resonant Sub-1 GHz MIMO Mobile Terminal Antennas With Improved Compactness and Efficiency

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 59475-59485页

作者： Cheor, Wai Loon Al-Hadi, Azremi Abdullah Soh, Ping Jack Jamlos, Mohd Faizal Elshirkasi, Ahmed Mohamed Chen, Xiaoming Akkaraekthalin, Prayoot Univ Malaysia Perlis Fac Elect Engn Technol Adv Commun Engn ACE Ctr Excellence Arau 02600 Malaysia Univ Malaysia Pahang Fac Mech & Mfg Engn Pekan 26600 Malaysia Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Fac Elect & Informat Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China King Mongkuts Univ Technol North Bangkok KMUTNB Dept Elect & Comp Engn Fac Engn Bangkok 10800 Thailand

In this work, the design procedure of a new decoupling network for different antennas is presented for mobile terminals operating in the Sub-1 GHz band (from 0.698 to 0.96 GHz). To evaluate its applicability for different resonant and non-resonant antenna types, two antenna elements have been chosen to be decoupled using the proposed decoupling network: a printed inverted-F antenna and a capacitive coupling element antenna. Simulation and measurement results showed that the decoupling network offer promising improvements in terms of impedance matching, port isolation, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and total efficiency. In addition, the antennas are also investigated with the ergodic capacity, multiplexing efficiency, gain, and diversity gain (both calculated using maximal ratio combining technique). Due to the contribution of the decoupling network, the ECC of both types of multiple antennas are less than 0.3, with a 30 % improvement in total efficiency and an inter-element spacing miniaturization of 34 %.

关键词： Antennas MIMO communication Mobile antennas Capacitors Antenna accessories Measurement Couplings Decoupling networks mutual coupling multi-input multi-output low frequency mobile terminal antennas

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Design and development of planar antenna array for mimo application

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WIRELESS NETWORKS 2021年第2期27卷 939-946页

作者： Prabhu, T. Pandian, S. Chenthur SNS Coll Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India SNS Coll Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India

multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is the need for recent communication system for the enhancement of channel capacity. While the number of antenna array elements increased, the spacing between the array elements and size of the antenna reduced. Hence high coupling between the elements occur, and thus the channel capacity reduced. There were several existing methods employs, however there were some limitations like reduced gain, dielectric constant, and bandwidth. So as to overcome this and to increase the performance characteristics such as bandwidth, gain of MIMO antennas and to lessen the dielectric constant of substrate material this proposed scheme is introduced. Using these considerations and requirements, an array of two-element MIMO system will be designed and developed with a less dielectric material (epsilon r<4. So in this Taconic RF-35 (dielectric constant is 3.5), Two T-Shaped antennas are employed for 2.45 GHz (ISM band) with multiple modes of operation to achieve the improved bandwidth of about - 10 db. Simulation is done by HFSS 13.0.

关键词： multi-input multi-output Two T-shaped antennas Taconic RF-35 ISM band Dielectric constant

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A two elementMIMOantenna for sub-6GHzandmmWave 5Gsystems using characteristics mode analysis

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MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2021年第2期63卷 587-595页

作者： Kumar, Naveen Khanna, Rajesh Thapar Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn POB 32Bhadson Rd Patiala Punjab India

In this article, a two-element multiband multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna for 5G communication devices is presented. Characteristics mode analysis is used to develop the proposed antenna. The planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) structure is used as an antenna element operating at 3.5, 4.3, 28, and 35 GHz bands. The shape of the PIFA is L-shaped patch with an L slot placed which is positioned above the ground plane at 4 mm height. The proposed antenna covers more than 400 MHz bandwidth at 3.5, 4.3 GHz bands, and wideband coverage of more than 12 GHz covering many millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands between 24 and 38 GHz. The use of complementary metamaterial unit cell resulted in a minimum of 21 dB isolation in 3.5 GHz band and a minimum of 24 dB in mmWave bands. The simulated and measured results are presented for the proposed MIMO antenna system, which is in good agreement with each other.

关键词： 5G characteristic mode analysis mmWave multi-input multi-output planar inverted-F antenna

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