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multi-objective optimization design of the automotive battery packs with fiber metal laminates under ground impact

POLYMER COMPOSITES 2025年

作者： Ni, Yang Li, Gang Zeng, Yan Dalian Univ Technol Dept Engn Mech State Key Lab Struct Anal Optimizat & CAE Software Dalian 116024 Peoples R China

Metal is commonly used due to its high absolute energy absorption (EA) value and low mass specific energy absorption (SEA(m)), while carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) boasts a high mass SEA(m) value but is costly. To address this, this paper suggests the application of fiber metal laminate (FML) material in automotive battery packs, as it is lightweight, with a high mass SEA(m) and a moderate cost. Regarding the ground impact of a car that poses a threat to battery safety, the impact resistance of FML planes is investigated. A comparison is made among the collision responses of the battery pack enclosures made of three materials, with the same thickness and mass, showing that FML is suitable as a battery pack shell material. Furthermore, based on the kriging model and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), a multi-objective optimization design is developed to minimize the impact displacement and mass of the battery pack enclosures with FML by optimizing the thickness of metal and fiber layers. The Pareto frontier is obtained, leading to a design modification that decreases the mass and the impact displacement compared to the initial design, as well as the improvement of the collision performance of the specific energy absorption.

关键词： fiber metal laminate (FML) ground impact multi-objective optimization

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multi-objective optimization of Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Industrial Drive Using Three-Step optimization Method

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2025年第1期61卷 218-230页

作者： Zhu, Shushu Li, Xun Hu, Junqi Jiang, Renhua Liu, Chuang Wang, Kai Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Delta Power Elect Ctr Shanghai 201209 Peoples R China AVIC Leihua Elect Technol Inst Wuxi 214063 Peoples R China Aviat Key Lab Sci & Technol AISSS Wuxi 214063 Peoples R China

Because of the advantages of high power factor and high power, and has been gradually applied in the field of industrial drive. The permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor has been widely applied in the field of industrial drive. The drive motor requires large output torque, high power factor and small torque ripple, thereby imposing more stringent demands on motor optimization. However, due to the complex rotor structure with the complex magnetic barrier, the optimization parameters of the permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor is large. Aiming at the above-mentioned problems, a three-step optimization method is studied. The relationship between the rotor structural dimensions is studied to reduce the number of parameters to be optimized. The parameter sensitivity is used to optimize the structure parameters. The response surface method and genetic algorithm are combined used to realize the comprehensive optimization of multi-objective. Then, the parameters with high sensitivity of single target are optimized by the single parameter scanning method. Finally, the structural detail of the magnetic barrier tip is precisely optimized to reduce the torque ripple. A 15 kW/1500 rpm permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor is optimized by the three-step optimization method. The simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the improvement of the motor performance.

关键词： Motors Ferrites Rotors Magnetomechanical effects Torque measurement Stress Reluctance motors Costs Stator cores Sensitivity Permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor parameter sensitivity multi-objective optimization response surface method genetic algorithm

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multi-objective optimization of weight reduction process parameters of micropolyester woven fabrics using Taguchi gray relational analysis

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TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL 2025年第1-2期95卷 123-135页

作者： Almetwally, Alsaid Ahmed Elfowaty, Heba M. Natl Res Ctr Text Res & Technol Inst Giza Egypt Samannoud Technol Univ Fac Technol Ind & Energy Samannoud Egypt Natl Res Ctr Cairo 12622 Egypt

The weight loss process variables of alkali-treated micropolyester woven fabrics were optimized and reported in this study. The gray relational analysis with the help of the Taguchi technique was efficiently used to optimize the key variables of this process. The caustic soda concentration, treatment temperature, and weight loss machine speed were considered the control or design parameters. The weight reduction percentage, air permeability, tensile strength, and thermal resistance of alkali-treated woven polyester fabrics were also considered as responses in this study. The experiments were implemented according to a 33 full factorial design. The levels of the control parameters which yield the maximum weight reduction, tensile strength, air permeability, and minimum thermal resistance of the treated polyester fabrics were found to be the sodium hydroxide concentration, and treatment temperature with the highest levels, and machine speed with the lowest level. This means that a 27% caustic soda concentration, treatment temperature of 125 degrees C, and machine speed of 40 m/min exhibited the optimum properties of the treated micropolyester fabrics. It was also proved that the treatment temperature is the most influential factor affecting the micropolyester fabric's properties. The confirmation test, which was carried out in this study, confirmed that the gray relational analysis improved the alkali-treated polyester fabric properties.

关键词： multi-objective optimization gray relational analysis Taguchi technique weight reduction process polyethylene terephthalate NaOH

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multi-objective optimization and experimental analysis of rotary tillage parameters for horticultural electric tractors

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 2025年 231卷

作者： Huang, Xuekai Wang, Xiaochan Wang, Yanxin Shi, Yinyan Lv, Huawei Zheng, Jinming Chen, Yanyu Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Engn Nanjing 210031 Peoples R China

Rotary tillage is a critical process in agricultural production. However, discrepancies between the chassis movement and the operational parameters of tillage equipment often result in unstable tillage quality, reduced efficiency, and decreased endurance of electric tractors. To address these challenges, this study proposes a multiobjective optimization method that integrates the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) with an improved grey wolf optimizer (IGWO). A tillage quality monitoring system was developed by integrating and processing multi-sensor data to measure the soil fragmentation rate, tillage depth stability coefficient, and power consumption per unit area for various forward speeds, tillage depths, and roller speeds. Regression models were then established based on the collected data. FAHP was employed to determine the influence weights of these models on tillage quality and to construct a multi-objective optimization function. A traversal optimization algorithm based on adaptive dynamic weights and a reverse-learning grey wolf optimization strategy was proposed to identify the optimal working curves for forward and roller speeds under different target tillage depths. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively optimizes multi-objective operational parameters, reducing the number of iterations by five and improving accuracy by 20.33% compared to previous methods. Field tests confirmed that the optimal soil fragmentation rate, tillage depth stability coefficient, and power consumption per unit area at different target tillage depths met operational standards for soil fragmentation and tillage depth stability. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for reducing operational tillage resistance and energy consumption in electric horticultural machinery.

关键词： Horticultural electric tractor Tillage operation Parameter matching multi-objective optimization Improved grey wolf algorithm

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multi-objective optimization OF LIQUID COLD PLATE WITH V-SHAPED RIBS FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

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THERMAL SCIENCE 2025年第1期29卷 489-507页

作者： Wang, Yan Liang, Shaozhong Fu, Jian Zheng, Jian Wang, Ya Lanzhou Univ Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Lanzhou Peoples R China Sinohydro Engn Bur 4 Co Ltd Power China Xining Peoples R China

The performance of lithium-ion batteries is affected by the operational temperature significantly for the new energy vehicles, and should be below 338 K and 5 K, respectively, in the actual project. An efficient thermal management system is essential for the battery, as it would ensure the safe operation and increase the battery life. In this study, the liquid cold plate with V-shaped ribs is applied to improve the heat transfer characteristics for guaranteeing the safe operational temperature of the battery. Based on the battery thermal models, the accuracy of numerical simulation through classical experimental correlation is verified, and is adopted to investigate the effects of different design factors on the heat dissipation of the battery, including the ribbed shaped, the distance between adjacent ribs and the inlet velocity of the coolant. The maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery and the pressure drop of the channel are taken as the design objectives. An orthogonal test and an entropy weighted-TOPSIS method are used to optimize the results with multi-objective analysis, then the optimal case of design parameters is obtained. The optimal case for the liquid cold plate is the ribbed shape of Model 2, the distance between the adjacent ribs of 30 mm and the inlet velocity of 0.3 m/s. A good balance is achieved between the heat dissipation of the battery pack and the pressure drop of the channel. The optimal case can reduce the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery by 7.41 K and 4.94 K compared with the unoptimized cases, meanwhile the pressure drop is also effectively controlled.

关键词： lithium-ion batteries liquid cold plate V-shaped ribs heat dissipation multi-objective optimization

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multi-objective optimization of the magnetic wiping process in dip-coating

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2025年第1期150卷 1-19页

作者： Pino, Fabio Scheid, Benoit Mendez, Miguel A. The von Karman Inst Fluid Dynam EA Dept Waterloosesteenweg 72 B-1640 Rhode St Genese Belgium Univ Libre Bruxelles Transfers Interfaces & Proc TIPs Ave Franklin Roosevelt 50 B-1050 Brussels Belgium

Electromagnetic wiping systems allow to pre-meter the coating thickness of the liquid metal on a moving substrate. These systems have the potential to provide more uniform coating and significantly higher production rates compared to pneumatic wiping, but they require substantially larger amounts of energy. This work presents a multi-objective optimization accounting for (1) maximal wiping efficiency (2) maximal smoothness of the wiping meniscus, and (3) minimal Joule heating. We present the Pareto front, identifying the best wiping conditions given a set of weights for the three competing objectives. The optimization was based on a 1D steady-state integral model, whose prediction scales according to the Hartmann number (Ha). The optimization uses a multi-gradient approach, with gradients computed with a combination of finite differences and variational methods. The results show that the wiping efficiency depends solely on Ha and not on the magnetic field distribution. Moreover, we show that the liquid thickness becomes insensitive to the intensity of the magnetic field above a certain threshold and that the current distribution (hence the Joule heating) is mildly affected by the magnetic field's intensity and shape.

关键词： multi-objective optimization Magnetic wiping Pareto front

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multi-objective optimization for shrinkage, mechanical, and shape-memory behavior in 4D printed polymer composites

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2025年第7-8期136卷 3345-3366页

作者： Dixit, Garima Pandey, Pulak Mohan Indian Inst Technol Dept Mech Engn New Delhi India

In the context of 4D printing, the term "fourth dimension" pertains to the capacity of materials to change their shape or form once they have been manufactured. This characteristic enables them to possess enhanced functional capabilities and enables the creation of applications that prioritize performance. Stimulus-responsive materials like shape memory polymers provide great opportunities to be used in 4D printing for a wide range of applications. Using polylactic acid (PLA) and bioactive glass (BG), this study demonstrates the developed material's potential for processing and experimentation for shape memory properties and 4D printing. Expanding our approach, a multi-objective optimization was done to minimize shrinkage and maximize strength along with shape recovery for 4D printed shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) with the help of the central composite design (CCD) approach commonly referred to as response surface methodology (RSM). The model was validated by conducting confirmation tests using the best possible combination of parameters for the process, as determined utilizing the genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization method. In the end, different structures were developed by utilizing 4D printing at optimum parameters and the shape-changing behavior was recorded in the 4D printed parts by applying a thermal stimulus.

关键词： 4D printing Solvent cast 3D printing Shape memory polymer composites Bioactive glass design of experiment multi-objective optimization

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multi-objective optimization of Speed Profile for Railway Catenary Maintenance Vehicle Operations Based on Improved Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2025年第8期15卷 4361-4361页

作者： Zhang, Bingli Shen, Gan Wang, Yixin Zhang, Yangyang Zhang, Chengbiao Wang, Xinyu Liu, Zhongzheng Luo, Xiang Hefei Univ Technol Sch Automot & Transportat Engn Hefei 230009 Peoples R China Hefei Univ Technol Anhui Engn Lab Intelligent Automobile Hefei 230009 Peoples R China

Railway catenary maintenance vehicles are essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of electrified railway systems. The implementation of pre-optimized speed profiles significantly reduces the energy consumption while improving key operational performance metrics, such as ride comfort, punctuality, and safety. This study introduces a novel multi-objective optimization method that optimizes the speed profile in scenarios in which railway catenary maintenance vehicles are performing operations on line sections. Initially, a multi-objective optimization model is developed based on a four-stage operational strategy. Subsequently, the enhanced selection strategy of the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (ESS-NSGA-III) algorithm is proposed to refine the mating and environmental selection processes. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using the Huoqiu-Caomiao section of the Fuyang-Lu'an Railway in China. A comparative analysis demonstrates that the ESS-NSGA-III algorithm outperforms NSGA-III and NSGA-II in terms of the diversity and convergence of the solution set. Specifically, the Hypervolume (HV) index improves by 0.77% and 4.12% compared to NSGA-III and NSGA-II, respectively. Moreover, the results highlight the advantages of the proposed method based on a comparison of three alternative operational strategies. Compared to the minimum running time strategy, the punctual and delayed strategies achieve energy consumption reductions of 29.51% and 52.86%, respectively. These results validate the algorithm's capability to provide valuable insights for practical applications.

关键词： railway catenary maintenance vehicle speed profile multi-objective optimization operation strategy enhanced selection strategy NSGA-III

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multi-objective optimization of liquid cooling plate partially filled with porous medium for thermal management of lithium-ion battery pack by RSM, NSGA-II and TOPSIS

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ENERGY 2025年 318卷

作者： Fu, Zhiao Zuo, Wei Li, Qingqing Zhou, Kun Huang, Yuhan Li, Yawei Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol State Key Lab Adv Refractories Wuhan 430081 Peoples R China Univ Technol Sydney Ctr Green Technol Sch Civil & Environm Engn Sydney NSW 2007 Australia Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol Natl Prov Joint Engn Res Ctr High Temp Mat & Linin Wuhan 430081 Peoples R China

In order to address the issue about the multi-objective optimization of liquid cooling plate partially filled with porous medium for thermal management of lithium-ion battery pack, in this work, response surface methodology (RSM), non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) are combined. Firstly, the porosity (gamma), filling ratio (BFR) and inlet velocity (vin) are selected as the design variables, and the maximum temperature of cell (Tb,max), maximum temperature difference of cell (zTb, max) and pressure drop of liquid cooling plate (zp) are chosen as objection functions. Subsequently, the Box-Behnken design is utilized to arrange numerical investigations. With the obtained results, the regression models are constructed by RSM. Furthermore, with the regression models, the NSGA-II algorithm is used to obtain Pareto frontier solutions. Finally, TOPSIS is used to select the optimal solution from the Pareto frontier solutions. The optimal Tb, max, zTb, max, zp are 31.29 degrees C, 4.97 degrees C and 30029.89 Pa, respectively, and the corresponding design variables gamma, BFR and vinare 0.87, 80.25 % and 0.07 m/s, respectively.

关键词： multi-objective optimization Liquid cooling plate Partially filled with porous medium Thermal management Lithium-ion battery pack

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multi-objective optimization of a wet electromagnet-driven water hydraulic high-speed on/off valve for underwater manipulator in deep sea

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MEASUREMENT 2025年 239卷

作者： Meng, Lingkang Wu, Defa Gao, Heng Ye, Xujun Liu, Hanhui Liu, Yinshui Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Mech Sci & Engn Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

Water hydraulic high-speed on/off valves (WHSVs) have the potential to replace the traditional oil hydraulic valves to be used in underwater hydraulic manipulators (UHMs) in the deep-sea environment due to their environmental friendliness, strong anti-pollution ability, and good sealing property. In this paper, we develop and optimize a novel wet electromagnet-driven WHSV to enhance its suitability for UHMs. Firstly, an accurate equivalent magnetic model of the WHSV is derived, considering the leakage flux and nonlinear characteristics. This magnetic model is combined with other physical field models to accurately describe the dynamic behavior of the WHSV and provide a comprehensive simulation framework. Then, the multi-objective optimization and decision-making methods are combined to optimize and determine the structural parameters of the WHSV, achieving a balance between rapid response and light mass. Finally, a WHSV prototype is manufactured and tested based on the optimized structural parameters. Experimental results indicate that the WHSV achieves opening and closing times of 1.63 ms and 1.22 ms, respectively, with the electromagnetic components weighing 75.5 g. These results show a maximum deviation of 7.4 % from the optimization results (1.52 ms, 1.31 ms, 71.6 g). Moreover, the deep-sea simulation test verifies the prototype functionality under a high-pressure condition (110 MPa).

关键词： Wet electromagnet High-speed on/off valve multi-objective optimization Dynamic characteristics Mathematical modeling Underwater manipulator

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