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20th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Generative programming: Concepts and Experiences (GPCE)

作者： Stucki, Nicolas Brachthauser, Jonathan Immanuel Odersky, Martin Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450391122

In metaprogramming, code generation and code analysis are complementary. Traditionally, principled metaprogramming extensions for programming languages, like MetaML and BER MetaOCaml, offer strong foundations for code generation but lack equivalent support for code analysis. Similarly, existing macro systems are biased towards the code generation aspect. In this work, we present a calculus for macros featuring both code generation and code analysis. The calculus directly models separate compilation of macros, internalizing a commonly neglected aspect of macros. The system ensures that the generated code is well-typed and hygienic. We implement our system in Scala 3, provide a formalization, and prove its soundness.

关键词： multi-stage programming metaprogramming macro systems formalization

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multi-stage programming in the Large with staged Classes 2020

Multi-stage Programming in the Large with Staged Classes

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19th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Generative programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE)

作者： Parreaux, Lionel Shaikhha, Amir Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Univ Edinburgh Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450381741

multi-stage programming (MSP) holds great promise, allowing the reliable generation of specialized, partially-evaluated code with static type- and scope-safety guarantees. Yet, we argue that MSP has not reached its full potential yet, as it has been traditionally limited to generating expressions, and has lacked principled facilities for generating modular programs and data structures. In that sense, we argue that MSP has been reserved for programming "in the small," focused on generating efficient kernels of computation on the scale of single function bodies. We present a novel technique called staged classes, which extends MSP with the ability to manipulate class definitions as first-class constructs. This lets programmers use MSP "in the large," on the level of applications, rather than mere functions. This way, applications can be designed in an abstract and modular way without runtime cost, as staged classes guarantee the removal of all staging-time abstractions, resulting in the generation of efficient specialized modules and data structures. We describe the design of a prototype relational database system in Scala, which uses several stages of runtime compilation to maximize the efficiency of query execution and data storage. We also show that staged classes can be used for defining type-and scope-safe implementations of type providers.

关键词： multi-stage programming staged classes Squid

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Refining semantics for multi-stage programming

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES 2019年 51卷 222-240页

作者： Ge, Rui Garcia, Ronald Univ British Columbia Dept Comp Sci 201-2366 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

The multi-stage programming paradigm supports runtime code generation and execution. Though powerful, its potential is impeded by the lack of static analysis support. Van Horn and Might proposed a general-purpose approach to systematically develop static analyses by transforming an environmental abstract machine, which evolves a control string, an environment and a continuation as a program evaluates. To the best of our knowledge, no such semantics exists for a multi-stage language like MetaML. We develop and prove correct an environmental abstract machine semantics for MetaML by gradually refining the reference substitutional natural semantics. Highlights of our approach include (1) progressively refining a single-stage language ISWIM to a CEK-like machine and managing to apply transformations of the same nature to MetaML, (2) leveraging explicit substitutions to bridge the gap between substitutional and environmental semantics, and (3) devising environment chains to model the complexities of variable bindings in multi-stage environmental semantics.

关键词： multi-stage programming Abstract machine semantics Explicit substitutions Environment chains

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A heuristic based on multi-stage programming approach for machine-loading problem in a flexible manufacturing system

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ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 2006年第4期22卷 342-352页

作者： Nagarjuna, N Mahesh, O Rajagopal, K Priyadarshini Coll Engn Nellore 524004 India NBKR Inst Sci & Technol Dept Mech Engn Nellore 524413 India JNT Univ Hyderabad 500072 Andhra Pradesh India

Manufacturing industries are rapidly changing from economies of scale to economies of scope, characterized by short product life cycles and increased product varieties. This implies a need to improve the efficiency of job shops while still maintaining their flexibility. These objectives are achieved by Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). The basic aim of FMS is to bring together the productivity of flow lines and the flexibility of job shops. This duality of objectives makes the management of an FMS complex. In this article, the loading problem in random type FMS, which is viewed as selecting a Subset of jobs from the job pool and allocating them among available machines, is considered. A heuristic based on multi-stage programming approach is proposed to solve this problem. The objective considered is to minimize the system unbalance while satisfying the technological constraints such as availability of machining time and tool slots. The performance of the proposed heuristic is tested on 10 sample problems available in FMS literature and compared with existing solution methods. It has been found that the proposed heuristic gives good results. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： heuristic machine-loading problem flexible manufacturing system multi-stage programming system unbalance throughput

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Implicitly heterogeneous multi-stage programming

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NEW GENERATION COMPUTING 2007年第3期25卷 305-336页

作者： Eckhardt, Jason. Kaiabachev, Roumen Pasalic, Emir Swadi, Kedar Taha, Walid Rice Univ Dept Comp Sci Houston TX 77005 USA

Previous work on semantics-based multi-stage programming (MSP) language design focused on homogeneous designs, where the generating and the generated languages are the same. Homogeneous designs simply add a hygienic quasi-quotation and evaluation mechanism to a base language. An apparent disadvantage of this approach is that the programmer is bound to both the expressivity and performance characteristics of the base language. This paper proposes a practical means to avoid this by providing specialized translations from subsets of the base language to different target languages. This approach preserves the homogeneous "look" of multi-stage programs, and, more importantly, the static guarantees about the generated code. In addition, compared to an explicitly heterogeneous approach, it promotes reuse of generator source code and systematic exploration of the performance characteristics of the target languages.

关键词： functional programming multi-stage programming

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Refining Semantics for multi-stage programming 2017

Refining Semantics for Multi-stage Programming

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16th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Generative programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE) co-located with SPLASH Conference

作者： Ge, Rui Garcia, Ronald Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450355247

The multi-stage programming paradigm supports runtime code generation and execution. Though powerful, its potential is impeded by the lack of static analysis support. Van Horn and Might proposed a general-purpose approach to systematically develop static analyses by transforming an environmental abstract machine, which evolves a control string, an environment and a continuation as a program evaluates. To the best of our knowledge, no such semantics exists for a multi-stage language like MetaML. We develop and prove correct an environmental abstract machine semantics for MetaML by gradually refining the reference substitutional structural operational semantics. Highlights of our approach include leveraging explicit substitutions to bridge the gap between substitutional and environmental semantics, and devising meta-environments to model the complexities of variable bindings in multi-stage environmental semantics.

关键词： multi-stage programming abstract machine semantics explicit substitutions meta-environments

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BuildIt: A Type-Based multi-stage programming Framework for Code Generation in C plus 21

BuildIt: A Type-Based Multi-stage Programming Framework for ...

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19th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO)

作者： Brahmakshatriya, Ajay Amarasinghe, Saman MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728186139

The simplest implementation of a domain-specific language is to embed it in an existing language using operator overloading. This way, the DSL can inherit parsing, syntax and type checking, error handling, and the toolchain of debuggers and IDEs from the host language. A natural host language choice for most high-performance DSLs is the de-facto high-performance language, C++. However, DSL designers quickly run into the problem of not being able to extract control flows due to a lack of introspection in C++ and have to resort to special functions with lambdas to represent loops and conditionals. This approach introduces unnecessary syntax and does not capture the side effects of updates inside the lambdas in a safe way. We present BuildIt, a type-based multi-stage execution framework that solves this problem by extracting all control flow operators like if-then-else conditionals and for and while loops using a pure library approach. BuildIt achieves this by repeated execution of the program to explore all control flow paths and construct the AST piece by piece. We show that BuildIt can do this without exponential blow-up in terms of output size and execution time. We apply BuildIt's staging capabilities to the state-of-the-art tensor compiler TACO to generate low-level IR for custom-level formats. Thus, BuildIt offers a way to get both generalization and programmability for the user while generating specialized and efficient code. We also demonstrate that BuildIt can generate rich control-flow from relatively simple code by using it to stage an interpreter for an esoteric language. BuildIt changes the way we think about multi-staging as a problem by reducing the PL complexity of a supposedly harder problem requiring features like introspection or specialized compiler support to a set of common features found in most languages.

关键词： multi-stage programming domain-specific languages code generation meta-programming

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A Practical Unification of multi-stage programming and Macros 2018

A Practical Unification of Multi-stage Programming and Macro...

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17th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Generative programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE) part of the SPLASH Collection of Conferences and Workshops

作者： Stucki, Nicolas Biboudis, Aggelos Odersky, Martin Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450360456

Program generation is indispensable. We propose a novel unification of two existing metaprogramming techniques: multi-stage programming and hygienic generative macros. The former supports runtime code generation and execution in a type-safe manner while the latter offers compile-time code generation. In this work we draw upon a long line of research on metaprogramming, starting with Lisp, MetaML and MetaOCaml. We provide direct support for quotes, splices and top-level splices, all regulated uniformly by a level-counting Phase Consistency Principle. Our design enables the construction and combination of code values for both expressions and types. Moreover, code generation can happen either at runtime a la MetaML or at compile time, in a macro fashion, a la MacroML. We provide an implementation of our design in Scala and we present two case studies. The first implements the Hidden Markov Model, Shonan Challenge for HPC. The second implements the staged streaming library Strymonas.

关键词： Macros multi-stage programming Scala

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Mint: Java multi-stage programming Using Weak Separability 10

Mint: Java Multi-stage Programming Using Weak Separability

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ACM SIGPLAN Conference on programming Language Design and Implementation

作者： Westbrook, Edwin Ricken, Mathias Inoue, Jun Yao, Yilong Abdelatif, Tamer Taha, Walid Rice Univ Houston TX 77251 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450300193

multi-stage programming (MSP) provides a disciplined approach to run-time code generation. In the purely functional setting, it has been shown how MSP can be used to reduce the overhead of abstractions, allowing clean, maintainable code without paying performance penalties. Unfortunately, MSP is difficult to combine with imperative features, which are prevalent in mainstream languages. The central difficulty is scope extrusion, wherein free variables can inadvertently be moved outside the scopes of their binders. This paper proposes a new approach to combining MSP with imperative features that occupies a "sweet spot" in the design space in terms of how well useful MSP applications can be expressed and how easy it is for programmers to understand. The key insight is that escapes (or "anti-quotes") must be weakly separable from the rest of the code, i.e. the computational effects occurring inside an escape that are visible outside the escape are guaranteed to not contain code. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we formalize a type system based on Lightweight Java which we prove sound, and we also provide an implementation, called Mint, to validate both the expressivity of the type system and the effect of staging on the performance of Java programs.

关键词： Languages multi-staged languages multi-stage programming Type systems Java

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multi-stage stochastic fuzzy random programming for food-water-energy nexus management under uncertainties

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RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 2020年第0期155卷 104665-000页

作者： Ji, Ling Zhang, Beibei Huang, Guohe Lu, Yan Beijing Univ Technol Coll Econ & Management Res Base Beijing Modern Mfg Dev Beijing 100124 Peoples R China Univ Regina Fac Engn Environm Syst Engn Program Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada State Grid Jibei Elect Econ Res Inst Beijing 100045 Peoples R China

A hybrid inexact optimization model is developed for food-water-energy nexus system management with the consideration of complex uncertainties and decision makers' risk tolerance. A multi-stage stochastic fuzzy random programming (MSFRP) model is tailored to tackle variables with deeper uncertainties, a mixture of fuzzy and random fuzzy characteristics. Allowing to reflect decision makers' subjective opinion and risk preference, it can provide decision makers the tradeoff information between system benefit and risk attitude. The proposed model was applied to an agricultural area Shandong Province, China with the aim of maximum total system benefits. The valuable managerial insights on optimal cultivated land distribution, water resource allocation, and energy supply strategies are provided for decision makers under uncertainties. Meanwhile, the pesticide and fertilizer consumption for crop planting, and the carbon emission embodied in per unit crop supply are also quantitatively estimated. Moreover, by setting different water resource availability scenarios, the impacts of future water resource conditions on optimal management strategies under climate change are evaluated and discussed. The results suggested that rice would be the critical crop with the largest planting area for food security during the planning horizon. Under scarcer water resource conditions, the system benefits would reduce due to more desalination water consumption and planting strategy adjustment. However, it would lead to less carbon emission embodied in per unit crop supply and relieve local carbon emission control pressure. Compared to the conventional multi-stage stochastic programming, the developed MSFRP can be more effective to reflect the optimistic and pessimistic attitude of decision makers and deal with future scenario information with deeper uncertainties.

关键词： Food-energy-water nexus Uncertainty multi-stage programming Random fuzzy

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