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multilevel programming and Light-Assisted Resistive Switching in a Halide-Tunable All-Inorganic Perovskite Cube for Flexible Memory Devices

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ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2020年第11期2卷 3667-3677页

作者： Paul, Tufan Sarkar, Pranab Kumar Maiti, Soumen Chattopadhyay, Kalyan Kumar Jadavpur Univ Sch Mat Sci & Nanotechnol Kolkata 700032 India Assam Univ Dept Appl Sci & Humanities Silchar 788011 India St Thomas Coll Engn & Technol Kolkata 700023 India Jadavpur Univ Dept Phys Kolkata 700032 India

All-inorganic halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br or I) have transpired to be utilized in several optoelectronic devices owing to their multifaceted optical and electrical features and superior thermal stability as compared to other organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. Herein, a bipolar resistive switching (RS) characteristic of the CsPbX3 cube in Al/CsPbClxBr3-x (x = 3, 1.5, 0)/ITO/PET configuration is reported with a low operating voltage. Among all the fabricated memory devices, the CsPbBr3-based system presents the most pronounced RS characteristics such as no initial forming process, reproducibility, uniform switching, and long retention time with a high on/off ratio. By a subtle control over current compliance and stopping voltage, the multilevel data storage capabilities are also observed in flexible memory devices. Owing to the increasing demand of flexible electronics, current-voltage characteristics are further carried out under different bending diameters to access the mechanical stability and electrical reliability of the perovskite-based memory device. No discernible difference is observed in the low-resistance state and high-resistance state current under flat and bending conditions. Additionally, as fabricated devices show an enhanced RS effect where the resistance can be controlled both by electrical field and light illumination, this study also explores the data encoding process by using certain light irradiance during the SET process. The registered RS behavior is elucidated with a model of the creation and annihilation of a conductive multifilament that originated from the migration of halide ions and their corresponding vacancies in halide perovskite layers. This study will pave the way for the utilization of inorganic-halide perovskites with different nanoforms in low-power consumption nonvolatile memory of future wearable electronic gadgets.

关键词： all-inorganic perovskites resistive switching multilevel programming flexible memory device conductive filament

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multilevel programming, rational reaction sets, and efficient solutions

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JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 1995年第3期87卷 727-746页

作者： White, DJ UNIV VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLEVA

The prime concern in this paper is the interface between efficient solutions and rational reaction sets in multilevel programming. It is shown that there need be no rational reaction solution which is also efficient, although in the bilevel case such a solution always exists, and in the general K-level case such a solution exists if certain conditions hold. Some theoretical properties of an extension Of known methods for generating efficient solutions are given, which are important algorithmically.

关键词： multilevel programming rational reaction sets efficient solutions

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Fuzzy multilevel programming with a hybrid intelligent algorithm

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COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS 2005年第9-10期49卷 1539-1548页

作者： Gao, JW Liu, BD Tsing Hua Univ Dept Math Sci Uncertainty Theory Lab Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

In order to model fuzzy decentralized decision-making problem, fuzzy expected value multilevel programming and chance-constrained multilevel programming are introduced. Furthermore, fuzzy simulation, neural network, and genetic algorithm are integrated to produce a hybrid intelligent algorithm for finding the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the hybrid intelligent algorithm. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： multilevel programming fuzzy programming genetic algorithm neural network

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Fuzzy goal programming approach to multilevel programming problems

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2007年第2期176卷 1151-1166页

作者： Pramanik, Surapati Roy, Tapan Kumar Bengal Engn & Sci Univ Dept Math Howrah 711103 W Bengal India

The purpose of this paper is to propose a procedure for solving multilevel programming problems in a large hierarchical decentralized organization through linear fuzzy goal programming approach. Here, the tolerance membership functions for the fuzzily described objectives of all levels as well as the control vectors of the higher level decision makers are defined by determining individual optimal solution of each of the level decision makers. Since the objectives are potentially conflicting in nature, a possible relaxation of the higher level decision is considered for avoiding decision deadlock. Then fuzzy goal programming approach is used for achieving highest degree of each of the membership goals by minimizing negative deviational variables. Sensitivity analysis with variation of tolerance values on decision vectors is performed to present how the solution is sensitive to the change of tolerance values. The efficiency of our concept is ascertained by comparing results with other fuzzy programming approaches. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： multilevel programming fuzzy programming fuzzy goal programming membership function tolerance values

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Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium for multilevel programming with multiple followers using genetic algorithms

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COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS 1998年第7期36卷 79-89页

作者： Liu, BD Tsing Hua Univ Dept Appl Math Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

multilevel programming offers a means of studying decentralized noncooperative decision systems. Unfortunately, multilevel programming is lacking efficient algorithms due to its computational difficulties such as nonconvexity and NP-hardness. This paper will design a genetic algorithm for solving Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium of nonlinear multilevel programming with multiple followers in which there might be information exchange among the followers. As a byproduct, we obtain a means for solving classical minimax problems. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed genetic algorithm. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： mathematical programming multilevel programming genetic algorithm

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Uncertain multilevel programming: Algorithm and applications

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COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 2015年 89卷 235-240页

作者： Liu, Baoding Yao, Kai Tsinghua Univ Dept Math Sci Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Management Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

multilevel programming is used to model a decentralized planning problem with multiple decision makers in a hierarchical system. This paper aims at providing an uncertain multilevel programming model that is a type of multilevel programming involving uncertain variables. Besides, a genetic algorithm is employed to solve the model. As an illustration, the uncertain multilevel programming model is applied to a product control problem. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty theory Uncertain programming multilevel programming Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium Genetic algorithm

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Two theorems on multilevel programming problems with dominated objective functions

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APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS 2001年第8期14卷 927-932页

作者： Zhu, SS Wang, SY Coladas, L Chinese Acad Sci Acad Math & Syst Sci Inst Syst Sci Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Univ Tsukuba Inst Policy & Planning Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan Univ Santiago de Compostela Fac Math Santiago De Compostela 15782 Spain

In this paper, we present two theorems on the structure of a type of multilevel programming problems. The theorems explore relations among a multilevel programming problem, a dynamical programming, and a nonlinear pro... 详细信息

关键词： multilevel programming dynamical programming dominated objective functions

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A neural network approach to multiobjective and multilevel programming problems

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COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS 2004年第1-2期48卷 95-108页

作者： Shih, HS Wen, UP Lee, ES Hsiao, HC Tamkang Univ Grad Inst Management Sci Taipei 251 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Ind Engn & Engn Management Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Kansas State Univ Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn Manhattan KS 66506 USA I Shou Univ Dept Ind Engn & Management Kaohsiung 840 Taiwan

This study aims at utilizing the dynamic behavior of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to solve multiobjective programming (MOP) and multilevel programming (MLP) problems. The traditional and nontraditional approaches to the MLP are first classified into five categories. Then, based on the approach proposed by Hopfield and Tank [1], the optimization problem is converted into a system of nonlinear differential equations through the use of an energy function and Lagrange multipliers. Finally, the procedure is extended to MOP and MLP problems. To solve the resulting differential equations, a steepest descent search technique is used. This proposed nontraditional algorithm is efficient for solving complex problems, and is especially useful for implementation on a large-scale VLSI, in which the MOP and MLP problems can be solved on a real time basis. To illustrate the approach, several numerical examples are solved and compared. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： neural network energy function multilevel programming multiobjective programming dynamic behavior

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A novel operation method to avoid overerasure in a scaled trapping-nitride localized charge storage flash memory cell and its application for multilevel programming

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES 2006年第4期53卷 808-814页

作者： Tsai, WJ Zous, NK Wang, TH Ku, YHJ Lu, CY Macronix Int Co Ltd Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

By using the charge pumping technique, it was found that the injected-hole occupied percentage increases with respect to the whole channel, and overerasure thus happens in a scaled trapping-nitride storage Flash memory cell. Such overerasure can be avoided or can be recovered if the cell is suitably biased during the erase operation. Moreover, the erase threshold voltage can be well controlled by the applied erase gate voltage. The reason is that both the channel-hot electrons and the band-to-band tunneling-induced hot holes would inject at the same time and are in balance as a specific surface potential is achieved. Based on this study, a self-limited soft program, as well as a self-saturated erase scheme, is proposed. Applications of this concept to multilevel programming are also demonstrated.

关键词： band-to-band-tunneling (BTBT)-induced hothole (HH) injection channel-hot electron (CHE) injection flash electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEP-ROM) multilevel programming multiplex virtual ground AND (MXVAND) NBit nitride read-only memory (NROM) overerasure programming by hot-hole injection nitride electron storage (PHINES) self-convergent silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) soft program trapped charge storage trapping nitride

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Hybrid multilevel programming with uncertain random parameters

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING 2017年第3期28卷 589-596页

作者： Ke, Hua Ma, Junjie Tian, Guangdong Tongji Univ Sch Econ & Management Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Sch Law Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Northeast Forestry Univ Transportat Coll Harbin 150040 Peoples R China

multilevel programming is developed for modeling decentralized decision-making processes. For different management requirements and risk tolerances of different-level decision-makers, the decision-making criteria applied in different levels cannot be always the same. In this paper, a hybrid multilevel programming model with uncertain random parameters based on expected value model (EVM) and dependent-chance programming (DCP), named as EVM-DCP hybrid multilevel programming, is proposed. The corresponding concepts of Nash equilibrium and Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium are given. For some special case, an equivalent crisp mathematical programming is proposed. An approach integrating uncertain random simulations, Nash equilibrium searching approach and genetic algorithm is designed. Finally, a numerical experiment of uncertain random supply chain pricing decision problem is given.

关键词： multilevel programming Uncertain variable Uncertain random programming Dependent-chance programming Expected value model

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