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Tri-level decision-making with multiple followers: Model, algorithm and case study

INFORMATION SCIENCES 2015年 311卷 182-204页

作者： Han, Jialin Lu, Jie Hu, Yaoguang Zhang, Guangquan Beijing Inst Technol Sch Mech Engn Ind & Syst Engn Lab Beijing Peoples R China Univ Technol Sydney Fac Engn & Informat Technol Ctr Quantum Computat & Intelligent Syst Decis Syst & E Serv Intelligence Lab Sydney NSW 2007 Australia

Tri-level decision-making arises to address compromises among interacting decision entities distributed throughout a three-level hierarchy;these entities are respectively termed the top-level leader, the middle-level follower and the bottom-level follower. This study considers an uncooperative situation where multiple followers at the same (middle or bottom) level make their individual decisions independently but consider the decision results of their counterparts as references through information exchanged among themselves. This situation is called a reference-based uncooperative multi-follower tri-level (MFTL) decision problem which appears in many real-world applications. To solve this problem, we need to find an optimal solution achieving both the Stackelberg equilibrium in the three-level vertical structure and the Nash equilibrium among multiple followers at the same horizontal level. In this paper, we first propose a general linear MFTL decision model for this situation. We then develop a MFTL Kth-Best algorithm to find an optimal solution to the model. Since the optimal solution means a compromised result in the uncooperative situation and it is often imprecise or ambiguous for decision entities to identify their related satisfaction, we use a fuzzy programming approach to characterize and evaluate the solution obtained. Lastly, a real-world case study on production-inventory planning illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed MFTL decision techniques. (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tri-level decision-making multilevel programming Kth-Best algorithm Fuzzy programming Production-inventory planning

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Optimal allocation of protective resources in urban rail transit networks against intentional attacks

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E-LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW 2015年 84卷 73-87页

作者： Jin, Jian Gang Lu, Linjun Sun, Lijun Yin, Jingbo Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Ocean Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Singapore ETH Ctr Future Cities Lab Singapore 138602 Singapore

This paper advances the field of network interdiction analysis by introducing an application to the urban rail transit network, deploying protective resources against intentional attacks. The resource allocation problem for urban rail transit systems is considered as a game between two players, the attacker interdicting certain rail stations to generate greatest disruption impact and the system defender fortifying the network to maximize the system's robustness to external interdictions. This paper introduces a game-theoretic approach for enhancing urban transit networks' robustness to intentional disruptions via optimally allocating protection resources. A tri-level defender-attacker-user game-theoretic model is developed to allocate protective resources among rail stations in the rail transit network. This paper is distinguished with previous studies in that more sophisticated interdiction behaviors by the attacker, such as coordinated attack on multiple locations and various attacking intensities, are specifically considered. Besides, a more complex multi-commodity network flow model is employed to model the commuter travel pattern in the degraded rail network after interdiction. An effective nested variable neighborhood search method is devised to obtain the solution to the game in an efficient manner. A case study based on the Singapore rail transit system and actual travel demand data is finally carried out to assess the protective resources' effectiveness against intentional attacks. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Urban rail transit Public transport Network interdiction multilevel programming Resource allocation

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Model and Algorithm for Multi-follower Tri-level Hierarchical Decision-Making 21

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21st International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP)

作者： Han, Jialin Zhang, Guangquan Lu, Jie Hu, Yaoguang Ma, Shuyuan Beijing Inst Technol Sch Mech Engn Beijing Peoples R China Univ Technol Sydney Fac Engn & Informat Technol Sydney NSW 2007 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319126432;9783319126425

Tri-level decision-making addresses compromises among interacting decision entities that are distributed throughout a three-level hierarchy. Decision entities at the three hierarchical levels are respectively termed as the top-level leader, the middle-level follower and the bottom-level follower. When multiple followers are involved at the middle and bottom levels, the leader's decision will be affected not only by reactions of the followers but also by various relationships among them. To support such a multi-follower tri-level (MFTL) decision-making process, this study first proposes a general MFTL decision model for the situation involving both cooperative and uncooperative relationships among multiple followers. It then develops a MFTL Kth-Best algorithm to find an optimal solution to the model. Lastly, we use the proposed MFTL decision techniques to deal with a supply chain management problem in applications.

关键词： Hierarchical decision-making multilevel programming tri-level decision-making Kth-Best algorithm supply chain

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Drift-Driven Investigation of Phase Distribution in Phase-Change Memories 21

Drift-Driven Investigation of Phase Distribution in Phase-Ch...

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2014 21st IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： Cabrini, A. Braga, S. Torelli, G. Univ Pavia Dip Ing Ind & Informaz Via Ferrata 1 I-27100 Pavia PV Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479942428

Multi-level programming in Phase-Change Memories (PCMs) requires adequate understanding of the phenomena affecting the stability of the programmed levels. Although crystallization in GST (Ge2Sb2Te5) has been extensively studied, further analysis is needed to understand the phase distribution in intermediate states between the amorphous and the crystalline GST. In this paper, we carry out a drift-driven analysis on a PCM array to investigate phase distribution of intermediate resistance states obtained with partial-SET programming. The analysis shows that the phase distribution after a partial-SET pulse can be more conveniently described by means of a parallel-like model having a crystalline path inside an amorphous cap.

关键词： phase change memories semiconductor storage Ge2Sb2Te5 PCM array crystalline GST drift-driven investigation intermediate resistance multilevel programming partial-SET programming phase distribution phase-change memories Current measurement Electrical resistance measurement Phase change materials Phase measurement programming Pulse measurements Resistance

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Derivation of A Mathematical Structure for Market-Based Transmission Augmentation in Oligopoly Electricity Markets using multilevel programming

Derivation of A Mathematical Structure for Market-Based Tran...

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General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society

作者： Hesamzadeh, M. R. Biggar, D. Hosseinzadeh, N. Wolfs, P. J. Swinburne Univ Technol Melbourne Vic Australia Cent Queensland Univ Fac Sci & Engn Rockhampton Qld 4702 Australia Australian Compitit & Consumer Comiss Canberra ACT Australia Australian Energy Regulator Melbourne Vic Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424442409

In this paper, we derive and evaluate a new mathematical structure for market-based augmentation of the transmission system. The closed-form mathematical structure can capture both the efficiency benefit and competition benefit of the transmission capacity. The Nash solution concept is employed to model the price-quantity game among GenCos. The multiple Nash equilibria of the game are located through a characterisation of the problem in terms of minima of the R function. The worst Nash equilibrium is used in the mechanism of transmission augmentation. The worst Nash equilibrium is defined as the one which maximises the social cost, total generation cost + total value of lost load. Thorough analysis of a simple three-node network is presented to clearly highlight the mechanism of the derived mathematical structure from different perspectives.

关键词： Transmission Augmentation Oligopoly Electricity Market multilevel programming

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A multilevel Approach for Modelling Vehicle Routing Problem with Uncertain Travelling Time

A Multilevel Approach for Modelling Vehicle Routing Problem ...

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The Thirteenth International Conference on Information and Management Sciences

作者： Yufu Ning School of Information Engineering Shandong Youth University of Political Science

Vehicle routing problem is concerned with finding optimal collection or delivery routes in a transportation network,beginning and ending at a central depot,for a fleet of vehicles to serve a set of *** the travel times between two customers are uncertain variables,this paper proposes a multilevel uncertain programming for a vehicle routing problem,of which the leader’s object is to maximize the total satisfaction degree,and the followers’objects are to minimize their waiting times for the time windows of the customers.

关键词： vehicle routing problem uncertainty theory uncertain programming multilevel programming

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Tristate Operation in Resistive Switching of SiO₂ Thin Films

IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS

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IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS 2012年第12期33卷 1702-1704页

作者： Chen, Yen-Ting Fowler, Burt Wang, Yanzhen Xue, Fei Zhou, Fei Chang, Yao-Feng Chen, Pai-Yu Lee, Jack C. Univ Texas Austin Dept Elect & Comp Engn Austin TX 78758 USA PrivaTran LLC Austin TX 78746 USA

The effects of incorporating a thin silicon layer into a SiO2-based resistive-switching random access memory are presented. An improved performance, including a lower electroforming voltage and a more stable device current in the high-resistance programmed state, has been achieved by physical vapor deposition of a thin silicon layer onto the sidewall region of the device. Tristate pulse endurance performance over 10(6) cycles has been demonstrated. The programmed data show immunity to read disturb testing at 1 V and can be sustained up to 150 degrees C thermal exposure. It is concluded that the improved performance is due to formation of a more robust and more uniform conducting filament. As a result of this advantage, stable tristate programming can be realized in the SiO2-based resistive memory device.

关键词： multilevel programming resistive-switching random access memory (RRAM) SiOx

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Optimal Allocation of Protective Resources in Shortest-Path Networks

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TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE 2011年第1期45卷 64-80页

作者： Cappanera, Paola Scaparra, Maria Paola Univ Florence Dipartimento Sistemi & Informat I-50139 Florence Italy Univ Kent Kent Business Sch Canterbury CT2 7PE Kent England

This article introduces a game-theoretic approach for allocating protection resources among the components of a network so as to maximize its robustness to external disruptions. Specifically, we consider shortest-path networks where disruptions may result in traffic flow delays through the affected components or even in the complete loss of some elements. A multilevel program is proposed to identify the set of components to harden so as to minimize the length of the shortest path between a supply node and a demand node after a worst-case disruption of some unprotected components. An implicit enumeration algorithm is then developed to solve the multilevel problem to optimality. The approach is streamlined by solving the lower-level interdiction problem heuristically at each node of an enumeration tree and by using some variable fixing rules to reduce the dimension of the lower-level problems. A thorough computational investigation demonstrates that the proposed solution method is able to identify optimal protection strategies for networks of significant size. The paper is concluded with a study of the sensitivity of the solution approach to variations of the problem parameters such as the level of disruption and protective resources and the distribution of the arc lengths and delays.

关键词： network interdiction multilevel programming shortest path resource allocation

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Fuzzy goal programming approach to multilevel programming problems

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2007年第2期176卷 1151-1166页

作者： Pramanik, Surapati Roy, Tapan Kumar Bengal Engn & Sci Univ Dept Math Howrah 711103 W Bengal India

The purpose of this paper is to propose a procedure for solving multilevel programming problems in a large hierarchical decentralized organization through linear fuzzy goal programming approach. Here, the tolerance membership functions for the fuzzily described objectives of all levels as well as the control vectors of the higher level decision makers are defined by determining individual optimal solution of each of the level decision makers. Since the objectives are potentially conflicting in nature, a possible relaxation of the higher level decision is considered for avoiding decision deadlock. Then fuzzy goal programming approach is used for achieving highest degree of each of the membership goals by minimizing negative deviational variables. Sensitivity analysis with variation of tolerance values on decision vectors is performed to present how the solution is sensitive to the change of tolerance values. The efficiency of our concept is ascertained by comparing results with other fuzzy programming approaches. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： multilevel programming fuzzy programming fuzzy goal programming membership function tolerance values

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Modeling supply chain operations as multi-level programming problems and their parametric programming based computation methodology

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KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2010年第6期27卷 1681-1688页

作者： Ryu, Jun-Hyung Dongguk Univ Dept Energy & Environm Syst Gyeongju 780814 South Korea

This paper proposes a modeling methodology for supply chain operations with a focus on the relationships of supply chain entities. Supply chain operation problems are mathematically formulated into a multilevel programming problem. A multiparametric programming-based computation methodology is proposed to compute the solution of the problems. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed modeling and computational methodology with some remarks.

关键词： Supply Chain Relationship Modeling Parallel Sequential multilevel programming Parametric programming

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