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multiphysics simulation and analysis for fuel behavior with geometric irregularities of missing pellet surface and eccentricity

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NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2025年 438卷

作者： Yuan, Xiaoyang Liu, Rong Liu, Shengyu South China Univ Technol Sch Elect Power Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Peoples R China

Missing pellet surface (MPS) defect and fuel eccentricity are both the abnormal geometric phenomena of nuclear fuel rods. One of cladding failure causes is ascribed to the MPS owing to manufacturing, and fuel eccentricity will lead to irregular temperature distribution which could affect the design and safe operation of nuclear reactor. However, most of nuclear fuel performance codes are developed with 1.5D and 2D axisymmetric geometries and not applicable for these asymmetric problems. In this paper, a code using 3D geometric model is established to simulate fuel pellet with irregular geometries of MPS and eccentricity based on COMSOL multiphysics software. First, the existence of MPS is considered and analyzed. The simulation results of MPS defect in conditions of stable power, power change and reactivity initiated accident (RIA) condition are discussed, and some adverse effects on thermal and mechanical performance can be observed under these conditions. The discussion of depth variation of MPS and different fuel types is also included. Finally, the effects of eccentricity on fuel behavior in different cases are researched. Fuel eccentricity can lead to uneven temperature field and early pellet-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI) time.

关键词： Nuclear fuel behavior Missing pellet surface Fuel eccentricity multiphysics simulation

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multiphysics simulation of a Superconducting Neutron Detector

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 2025年第3期35卷

作者： Sparacio, Simone Celentano, Giuseppe Pietropaolo, Antonino Torsello, Daniele Laviano, Francesco Politecn Torino Dept Appl Sci & Technol I-10125 Turin Italy INFN Sez Torino I-10125 Turin Italy ENEA Superconduct Lab I-00044 Frascati Italy ENEA Nucl Technol Lab I-00044 Frascati Italy

The detection of neutrons is crucial for both the operation of nuclear devices and the development of advanced imaging techniques. Recently, a hybrid superconducting niobium-boron sensor on a Si/SiO2 substrate has been developed, aiming for high pulse shape discrimination and controllability of the relaxation time. This device detects thermal neutrons by leveraging the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction in the B layer and the interaction of the charged products with the Nb strip. To critically assess the operation of the Nb-B thermal neutron detector, a multiphysics modeling approach is presented here. The software COMSOL multiphysics is used to provide thermal and electrical responses of this device during the transition-to-normal state and its recovery phase. The study takes into account the impact of the thermal irradiation of the cryostat lid and the joule heating on the operating conditions of the Nb strip. Moreover, a pulsed heat load is introduced in the model to simulate the energy released by either the alpha or the Li reaction products in the current-biased Nb strip. The SRIM software is used to obtain the deposited power density profiles and their mean volume of interaction within the sample. For simplicity, the reaction is assumed to take place at the half-thickness of the B layer and the particles propagate perpendicularly to the sample surface. Finally, an iterative procedure was applied to find the most favorable conditions to employ the device in a self-recovering mode by varying both the bias current and the cold finger temperature. This study presents a comprehensive understanding of the working mechanism of the Nb-B thermal neutron detector and proposes a computational approach to find the optimal working point of superconducting neutron detectors.

关键词： Neutrons Detectors Strips Superconductivity High-temperature superconductors Heating systems Temperature measurement Boron Wire Superconducting transition temperature FEM multiphysics simulation niobium superconducting neutron detector superconducting sensor

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multiphysics simulation of an Electrorefiner with Continuous Circulation of Molten Salt for Separation of Uranium and Neptunium

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JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2025年第1期172卷

作者： Sun, Wenzhou Yan, Liuming Jiang, Tao Peng, Shuming Yue, Baohua Shanghai Univ Dept Chem 99 Shangda Rd Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China China Acad Engn Phys Inst Nucl Phys & Chem Mianyang 621900 Peoples R China

A 3-D continuous electrorefiner is designed and investigated using multiphysics simulation for the separation of uranium and neptunium from spent nuclear fuel in molten salt. The concentration distribution field, the electric field, the ionic flux density field, and the flow field are evaluated under galvanostatic and pulse electrorefining by numerical integration of the governing equations using finite element method. During the electrorefining without molten salt recirculation, the transport of the electroactive cations is controlled by diffusion and electromigration and high concentration gradient is built near electrodes. In a galvanostatic electrorefining with a current density of 50 Am-2, the concentration of U3+ decreases to 26.7 molm-3 near cathode and increases to 62.5 molm-3 near anode within 40 s, and no co-deposition of uranium and neptunium occurs. In a galvanostatic electrorefining with a current density of 200 Am-2, the concentration of U3+ decreases to 1.3 molm-3 near cathode and increases to 62.6 molm-3 near anode within 6.7 s, and the co-deposition of uranium and neptunium occurs after 0.28 mg of pure uranium is collected. With moderate molten salt recirculation, the transport of the electroactive cations is controlled by convection. The local concentrations of uranium ions approach steady near the electrodes within 32 s in a galvanostatic electrorefining of 50 Am-2, and no co-deposition of uranium and neptunium occurs. Though the concentration of U3+ decreases to 21.1 molm-3 near cathode and increases to 62.6 molm-3 near anode within 6.7 s with a current density of 200 Am-2, there is no co-deposition of uranium and neptunium occurred. In addition, it is proved that the pulse electrorefining does not improve the recovery of uranium compared with galvanostatic electrorefining with a corresponding average current.

关键词： computational electrochemistry spent nuclear fuel pyroprocessing electrorefining multiphysics simulation

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multiphysics simulation and Analysis of Multi-ring Bias Lunar Dust Detector

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 2024年第1期25卷 264-276页

作者： Quan, Ronghui Zhang, Haicheng Zhang, Chengyue Fang, Meihua Zheng, Yuzhan Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Astronaut Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Spacecraft Syst Engn Beijing 100094 Peoples R China

Lunar dust can affect the lunar rover's operation and endanger astronauts' health. Therefore, it is necessary to efficiently detect lunar dust particles' motion characteristics and cumulative distribution. We use the multi-physical field simulation software to simulate the multi-ring bias lunar dust detector. The motion and cumulative distribution of lunar dust less than 2 mu m were calculated and analyzed by the simulation model established by COMSOL. The cumulative distribution of 2 mu m lunar dust particles on the annular electrode is studied experimentally. The simulation results show that when the inner ring bias is + 30 V and the other ring bias is - 50 V, the dust collection efficiency of the 6-ring detector for 400 simulated dust with an initial velocity of 0.4 m/s below 2 mu m is 98.75%, and the particle distribution is the most in the 4th ring. The 12-ring electrode structure with the same bias setting can achieve about 100% collection of the same charged dust, and the most particle distribution is the 10th ring. The experimental results show that the dust collected by the 6-ring electrode accounts for about 88.27% of the total, and the dust collected by the 12-ring electrode accounts for approximately 96.63% of the total. The distribution characteristics are similar to the simulation results. The results show that the 12-ring bias lunar dust detector can achieve higher collection rate detection corresponding to the lunar dust particles below 2 mu m, accounting for 95%. However, as the charge-mass ratio of lunar dust decreases, the collection efficiency of the detector will gradually decrease.

关键词： Lunar dust Bias detector Multi-ring electrode Collecting efficiency multiphysics simulation Lunar exploration

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multiphysics simulation of recent experiments on alkali-silica reaction expansion in reinforced concrete members

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STRUCTURAL CONCRETE 2025年第0期

作者： Jain, Amit Spencer, Benjamin W. Dahal, Albert Biswas, Sudipta Dhulipala, Somayajulu L. N. Idaho Natl Lab Computat Mech & Mat POB 1625 Idaho Falls ID 83415 USA

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is an important degradation process that causes volumetric expansion and damage in concrete, and is affected significantly by the local temperature, moisture and stress conditions that often vary across the regions of a structure. Numerical simulation is essential to predict the progression and effects of ASR on the performance of structures. Because of the interactions between thermal and moisture transport and mechanical deformation, it is important for numerical models to represent all these physical phenomena and the coupling between them. simulations of ASR in reinforced concrete (RC) structures are further complicated by the need to capture interactions between concrete and embedded reinforcing bars. This paper describes the implementation of a scalable, coupled-physics ASR model for simulating RC structures and assesses the ability of that model to predict ASR-induced expansion in recent laboratory tests on RC block and beam specimens. These laboratory tests and the simulation approach were selected because of their applicability to RC structural-scale simulations. This validation study helps builds confidence the ability of this approach to model ASR expansion in large, complex RC structures, which is a current high-priority need.

关键词： alkali-silica reaction multiphysics simulation reinforced concrete validation

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multiphysics simulation of Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) 3D Printing Technology

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING-GREEN TECHNOLOGY 2025年第2期12卷 541-552页

作者： Kaijage, Darline John Lee, Brian J. Sungkyunkwan Univ Sch Mech Engn 2066 Seobu Ro Suwon 16419 South Korea

This study explores the advancements of 3D printing through Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP), which has achieved a remarkable 100-fold increase in print speed over conventional stereolithography. CLIP's rapid printing is enabled by an oxygen inhibition layer above the resin-vat window, initiating photopolymerization above the deadzone for faster resin flow. Despite CLIP's notable speed advantage, it struggles with artifacts arising from non-optimal print cofigurations. Our research addresses this challenge by developing a novel multiphysics simulation tool. In order to evaluate the effects of various parameters, this study introduces a 2D-CLIP multiphysics simulation tool integrating optical and chemical models. The simulation tool employs a MATLAB-PDE solver that incorporates multiphysics equations to forecast deadzone thickness and cured dimensions at various print settings. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the CLIP process and its variables. The simulation tool effectively predicts key parameters, aiding in the fine-tuning of the printing process. It significantly reduces experimental costs and time while enhancing the precision of CLIP 3D printing. The tool's predictions are instrumental in optimizing print parameters, thereby mitigating the prevalent artifacts in printed objects. This research contributes a pioneering simulation tool for CLIP 3D printing, addressing the critical gap in optimizing print configurations. Its innovative approach in integrating multiphysics models within a simulation framework offers a valuable asset in advancing the capabilities of high-speed 3D printing technologies.

关键词： 3D printing CLIP multiphysics simulation

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multiphysics simulation of frost heave in unsaturated road systems under covering effect

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TRANSPORTATION GEOTECHNICS 2025年 51卷

作者： Li, Lin Zhang, Zepeng Zu, Weiling Li, Panpan Gong, Weibing Changan Univ Sch Highway Xian 710064 Shaanxi Peoples R China Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Earth Sci & Engn Rolla MO 65409 USA Tongji Univ Dept Geotech Engn Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

The frost heave of road systems under the covering effect involves the coupled transport of water, heat, and gas, along with the dynamic phase transition of water, vapor, and ice, resulting in a complex multi-physical field coupling process. This study presents a multi-physics numerical model to investigate the frost heave process of road systems in cold regions. The model not only considers the pavement covering effect and the multi-layered structure of the road, but also represents the multi-field coupling and multiphase transitions involved in the system. The model validation is conducted by comparing it with experimental results from a well-documented sample experiment, which simplifies the initial and boundary conditions of the road system calculation profile model. Following the multi-field coupling analysis, a parametric analysis is conducted to explore the impact of different roadbed parameters on the covering effect. Special attention is given to the effects of initial moisture content, temperature gradient, cooling rate, and compactness of fillers on the frost heave process. The results show that the migration and phase transition of vapor impact the freezing process of road systems. In the stable phase of the freeze process, the moisture content at the top of the road substantially exceeds the initial level, a phenomenon driven by vapor migration. This multi-physics simulation can potentially serve as a guidance for studying the frost heave mechanism of road systems in cold regions.

关键词： Frost heave Covering effect multiphysics simulation Multiphase transitions Multi-layered road system

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multiphysics simulation of liposome release from hydrogels for cavity filling following patient-specific breast tumor surgery

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2025年 204卷 106966页

作者： Gonzalez-Garcinuno, Alvaro Tabernero, Antonio Nieto, Celia del Valle, Eva Martin Kenjeres, Sasa Univ Salamanca Dept Chem Engn Plaza Caidos S-N Salamanca 37008 Spain Inst Biomed Res Salamanca IBSAL Paseo San Vicente 87 Salamanca 37007 Spain Delft Univ Technol Fac Appl Sci Dept Chem Engn Maasweg 9 NL-2629 HZ Delft Netherlands

Several studies have recommended the use of hydrogels for localized targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs following tumor removal surgery. This approach aims to both fill the cavity and prevent cancer recurrence. The use of multiphysics-based simulation emerges as a valuable strategy for minimizing experimental work, providing detailed insights into how drug release occurs in the tissue, and enabling the optimization of the design. In this study, we introduced a mathematical model, utilizing experimental data, to investigate the transport of liposomes carrying MZ1 from a thermosensitive hydrogel and their impact on the viability of breast cancer cells. The proposed comprehensive model considers not just the transport within the interstitial tissue, represented as a porous medium, but also the uptake by cells and its influence on cell viability, along with the potential lymphatic drainage. The six real patient-specific tumor shapes extracted from MRI scans were used to investigate how the size and form of the tumor can modify the transport pattern. The computational results revealed that the concentration of liposomes in the tissue is significantly influenced by their release from the hydrogel, which proved to be the limiting step. Liposome concentrations of approximately 0.1 % weight were found to be sufficient in ensuring minimal cell survival in the vicinity of the tumor.

关键词： multiphysics simulation Breast cancer Liposomes Thermosensitive hydrogels Mass transfer Cell survival

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multiphysics simulation of the effect of compressed separator on lithium-ion battery

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SOLID STATE IONICS 2024年 406卷

作者： Hu, Qingyang Sheng, Lei Xie, Xin Yang, Ling Gao, Xingxu Li, Datuan Bai, Yaozong Liu, Gaojun Dong, Haoyu Wang, Tao Huang, Xianli He, Jianping Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Mat Sci & Technol Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Provinc Peoples R China Sinoma Lithium Battery Separator Co Ltd Zaozhuang 277500 Shandong Peoples R China

Owing to these phenomena about intercalation and deintercalation lithium-ion, thermal expansion, and external pressure in lithium-ion batteries, the interior separators are often subjected to compression stress. In this study, we have designed a novel model based on the Thiessen Polygon, which is used to describe 3D porous structure of polyethylene (PE) separator. It can simulate the structure evolution of separator during compression. The simulation results show that when the compression stress is up to 60 MPa, the thickness of the separator decreases by nearly 50%, and the porosity decreases from 42.6% to 10%, which severely affects the ionic transmission performance. Additionally, the separator with changed porosity structure under different compression conditions was applied to the electrochemistry-thermal model to simulate the discharge process of the battery. As results, it is found that the discharge capacity is significantly reduced and the temperature is increased due to the structural variation of the separator caused by compression stress. This study develops a novel mechanical model which can be used in the simulation of separator compression process, and involves the simulation of multiple physical fields. And it successfully correlates the mechanical properties of separator with its battery performance.

关键词： multiphysics simulation PE separator Compression stress Lithium -ion battery Microcosmic model

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Insights into the pore structure effect on the mass transfer of fuel cell catalyst layer via combining machine learning and multiphysics simulation

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2025年 302卷

作者： Luo, Laiming Liu, Xinrui Zhang, Jujia Yao, Jian Liu, Baohua Zhang, Jin Wang, Haining Lu, Shanfu Xiang, Yan Beihang Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Beijing Key Lab Bioinspired Energy Mat & Devices Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

Analysis of the catalytic layer (CL) pore structure and three-phase (electron phase, proton phase, and reactant phase) mass transfer in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) is critical for improving concentration polarization and optimizing performance. However, there is a lack of studies on the pore structure's impact on the catalytic layer three-phase mass transfer. In this work, the influence of pore structure on catalytic layer three-phase mass transfer and multiphysics distribution was investigated by combining machine learning and multiphysics simulation. Among many key factors investigated by machine learning that impact the performance of catalytic layer, porosity emerges as the primary influencing factor. Porosity accounts for 32.7 % of the electric potential drop, with macro/micro porosity contributing 27.6 % and 5.1 %, and 32.8 % of the current density, with macro/micro porosity contributing 15.6 % and 17.2 %. Furthermore, the macropore structure has a much greater influence on the performance of the catalytic layer compared to the micropore structure. Moreover, the simulation results demonstrated that porosity has a great influence on three-phase mass transfer, the oxygen molarity increases with increasing porosity. The electric potential difference increases exponentially as porosity increases. The relationship between current density and porosity is a volcanic relationship, which can be expressed as a quadratic polynomial function. The mesoscopic pore-scale model (PSM) with an epsilon eff of 0.502 (epsilon mic of 0.2 and epsilon mac of 0.378) exhibits the highest mean current density at 619.526 mA/cm2@0.5 V, attributed to a more uniform and efficient three-phase transfer path. The accuracy of the mesoscopic pore-scale model and the polynomial equation is further confirmed through corresponding experiments. The experiment results show that the current density decreased as the epsilon eff increased from 0.682 to 0.702, which

关键词： HT-PEMFC Catalyst layer reconstruction Structure-property relationship Three-phase mass transfer Machine learning multiphysics simulation

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