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multiphysics modeling and Co-Simulation of Ship Electric Power and Propulsion Systems for Virtual Testing and Verification

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2025年第1期11卷 5108-5121页

作者： Perabo, Florian Zadeh, Mehdi Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Marine Technol N-7050 Trondheim Norway

This article proposes a framework for multiphysics modeling and co-simulation of electrified ships, aimed at system-level verification. The framework encompasses the development of dynamic time-domain models for ship power and propulsion systems (SPPSs) with multilayered control systems. The global system model is divided into subsystems with respect to the engineering domains and potential delivery packages of the constituent components, and the subsystems are transformed into model building blocks, namely Functional Mock-up Unit (FMUs). The component models are implemented with varying fidelity, to capture their diverse dynamics depending on the application. A co-simulation setup is then established using the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) to integrate the FMUs and to perform co-simulations of the entire system through the Open Simulation Platform (OSP). The resulting FMU/FMI setup enables virtual testing with synchronous and accelerated performance while offering flexibility in terms of model fidelity and characterization. As the case study, a full power and propulsion system for a coastal vessel with a dc grid is simulated under a realistic operating profile. The co-simulation results are validated against a monolithic simulation model with identical parameters, demonstrating the robustness and accuracy of the developed setup. The results prove that the proposed framework effectively represents the system dynamics and allows virtual testing with real-time factors (RTFs) higher than unity.

关键词： Co-simulation electrification model building blocks model building blocks multiphysics modeling multiphysics modeling shipboard power systems shipboard power systems virtual testing virtual testing virtual testing Co-simulation electrification model building blocks multiphysics modeling shipboard power systems virtual testing

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multiphysics modeling and Simulation of Integrated Electric Propulsion System for Ship Dynamic Positioning

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2024年第3期60卷 4958-4967页

作者： Donnarumma, Silvia Martelli, Michele D'Agostino, Fabio Kaza, Daniele Silvestro, Federico Univ Genoa DITEN I-16145 Genoa Italy

The article presents a multiphysics modelling approach to design an integrated electric propulsion system for ship dynamic positioning purposes. The simulation platform integrates the model of the shipboard power plant, the hydrodynamic and environmental forces and the dynamic positioning controller. The shipboard power system has been modelled considering the electro-mechanical behaviour, i.e. the power-frequency dynamic, so that the platform can run in real time and be linked with the control hardware. The simulation platform has been tested through a detailed simulation campaign by using as a study case a Platform Supply Vessel where its behaviour in harsh conditions has been validated. Moreover, a control hardware-in-the-loop configuration has been realized, where the controller logic has been implemented in a real PCL. Finally, a comparison between the two simulation approaches is shown and the results are discussed.

关键词： Dynamic positioning multiphysics modeling frequency regulation electric propulsion

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multiphysics modeling and experimental validation of heat and mass transfer for the vacuum induction melting process

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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING 2024年 243卷

作者： Garcia-Michelena, P. Ruiz-Reina, E. Herrero-Dorca, N. Chamorro, X. Mondragon Univ Mech & Mfg Dept Arrasate Mondragon 20500 Spain Univ Malaga Inst Carlosfor Theoret & Computat Phys iC1 1 Dept Appl Phys 2 Malaga 29071 Spain

Vacuum induction melting is crucial in casting nickel-based superalloy components, ensuring excellent properties for aero-engine applications. Precise melting temperatures are vital for achieving optimal metallurgical quality before casting. Hence, a multiphysics numerical model is developed to simulate the induction melting process for the Inconel 718 superalloy. The proposed holistic model integrates magnetic fields, induced currents, and heat and momentum transfer phenomena in a single coupled model. A moving mesh approach reproduces the magneto-hydrodynamic behavior of the free surface, simulating the oscillations of the melt. The stabilized deformed surface profile is correlated with experimental measurements, reporting a proper correlation. Then, the flow field and recirculation effect are modeled with a Low Reynolds Number turbulence approach and coupled with the melt convective heat transfer, developing a complete magneto-thermo-hydrodynamic model. In a laboratory-scale vacuum induction melting furnace, transient melting operation variables are characterized and introduced to the numerical model to compute the temperature evolution. An accurate reproduction of the transient melt temperature variations is reported with a relative error of less than 5%. The influence of the crucible thermal insulating capacity is assessed, emissivity dependence evaluated, and melt homogenization is reported at different process stages. This comprehensive numerical and experimental approach offers valuable insights for enhancing vacuum induction melting for Ni-based superalloys.

关键词： Vacuum induction melting multiphysics modeling Experimental validation Turbulent heat transfer Dynamic modeling Moving mesh

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Understanding characteristic electrochemical impedance spectral data of redox flow batteries with multiphysics modeling

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第3期102卷 329-339页

作者： Ayoob Alhammadi Abdulmonem Fetyan Rahmat Agung Susantyoko Ibrahim Mustafa Musbaudeen O.Bamgbopa Research&Development Centre Dubai Electricity and Water Authority(DEWA)P.O.Box 564DubaiUnited Arab Emirates

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a robust characterization method to probe prevalent(electro)chemical processes in an electrochemical *** its extensive utilization in fuel cell research,the application of EIS in redox flow battery systems particularly for simplified two-electrode full-cell configurations is more *** we attempt to strengthen the understa nding of cha racteristic EIS data of vanadium redox flow batteries by a combination of equivalent circuit modeling with a validated multiphysics model analyzed under hydrodynamic conditions in frequency *** a highlight of system linearity and stability concerns for EIS in redox flow batteries,we specifically use our combinatory approach to investigate the effects of different cell component properties on observed galva nostatic EIS spectra and accompanying fitted equivalent circuit element *** the investigated two-electrode full-cell flow battery configuration with the same electrode material on both sides,the EIS spectral data is observed to be dominated by different mass or cha rge transport processes at different ends of the *** analyses of both obtained EIS spectral data and fitted circuit elements parameters show that electrode morphological properties,membrane porosity,and electrolyte inflow conditions predominantly define the EIS spectral *** from the type of analyses performed herein can facilitate flow battery cell/stack diagnostics and targeted performance improvement efforts.

关键词： Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Redox Flow battery multiphysics modeling Equivalent circuit Full cell

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multiphysics modeling of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis: From steady to dynamic behavior

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AICHE JOURNAL 2022年第8期68卷 e17742-e17742页

作者： Lin, Nan Feng, Shouhua Wang, Jianguo Jilin Univ State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem Coll Chem Changchun 130012 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Inst Ind Catalysis State Key Lab Breeding Base Green Chem Synth Tech Coll Chem Engn Hangzhou Peoples R China

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is currently developed for the design of mature industrial-scale manufactures with commercialization. It needs reducing hydrogen production cost by lowering material cost and increasing operating current density. In engineering perspectives, the study of electrolytic performance during dynamic operation is crucial for PEMWE system management and process control. However, there is few multiphysics models of PEMWE considering transient behavior. The one-dimensional (1D) comprehensive dynamic multiphysics model allows to explore temporal transport phenomena in the PEMWE, and predict electrolytic performance. The 1D model is endorsed by the spatially lumped model from the literature. Changing values of structural and physical properties of porous transport layers (PTLs) and catalyst layers (CLs) allows the observation of their effects on the electrolytic performance and transport phenomena in two-phase flow regime. It suggests that the appropriate PTL properties, and CL fabrication method can lower the cost and remain high electrolytic performance.

关键词： electrochemistry multiphysics modeling PEM water electrolysis transport phenomena

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multiphysics modeling of particle spattering and induced defect formation mechanism in Inconel 718 laser powder bed fusion

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2022年第3-4期123卷 783-791页

作者： Chen, Qian Fu, Yao To, Albert C. Univ Pittsburgh Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA Virginia Tech Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn Blacksburg VA 24601 USA

Powder particle spattering induced by the metal vapor jetting and vortex flow near the melt pool significantly influences the porosity of final product. In this work, a high-fidelity multiphysics model is developed at powder-scale that unidirectionally couples the powder spattering and laser welding simulation to study the spattering and porosity formation mechanism in laser powder bed fusion process. Vapor pressure from single-track laser welding simulation is applied as a moving boundary condition in a discrete element model to simulate particle spattering. Then, coupling simulation between the mass particles and laser welding is performed to study the interaction between melt pool and spattering particles. Two porosity formation mechanisms are observed in experiments and simulation. The first one is the spattering particles falling into melt pool directly and leaving un-melted or partially melted pores to the final product. The second mechanism is the particles near the melt track that are dragged to the melt pool bead and partially melted due to heat conduction. These partially melted particles can be observed as well in the bead region of depositions.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Spattering multiphysics modeling Porosity Melt pool

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Investigating bubble impacts on PEM electrolysis performance through enhanced multiphysics modeling

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2025年 98卷 626-638页

作者： Zerrougui, Islam Li, Zhongliang Hissel, Daniel Univ Franche Comte UTBM CNRS FEMTO STFCLAB Belfort France Inst Univ France IUF Paris France

The unintentional accumulation of oxygen bubbles on the active surface of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers has been recognized as one of the mechanisms that tend to decrease the cell lifetime. In order to reduce the coverage area caused by the bubbles which can potentially raise the mass losses, the oxygen bubbles must be quickly removed from the electrode surfaces. This work presents a comprehensive model for polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis in which diverse multiphysics aspects are considered, including electrochemical, transport, and thermal parts. Moreover, a model based on force balance has been developed to study the dynamics of the bubble on the electrode surface. The aim of developing such a model to calculate the equivalent bubble size under different operation conditions. The model is then employed to determine bubble coverage and to investigate the influence of water flow and current density on this parameter. The proposed model was tested against diverse datasets from the lab tests and existing literature. The results obtained from the model show good agreement with the literature data in determining the coverage, providing valuable insights into bubble dynamics and their impact on electrolysis performance.

关键词： Polymer electrolyte membrane Water electrolyzer Bubble modeling multiphysics modeling

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Finite Element Analysis and Electrohydrodynamic multiphysics modeling of a Corona-Streamer Discharge in a Two-Phase Flow Medium

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ENERGIES 2025年第3期18卷 680-680页

作者： Baek, Myung-Ki Lee, Ho-Young Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst Numer Anal Technol Support Dept Chang Won 51543 South Korea Changshin Univ Div Smart Convergence Engn Chang Won 51352 South Korea

This study proposes an electrohydrodynamic multiphysics modeling and finite element analysis technique to accurately simulate corona-streamer discharges in a two-phase flow medium. The discharge phenomenon is modeled as a multiphysics system, coupling the Poisson equation for the electric field with a charge dynamics model based on fluid methods and a thermofluid field for temperature effects. To optimize the numerical simulation, the tip-flat plate electrode model was simplified to two-dimensional axisymmetry, and an unordered lattice network was used to reduce computational time while maintaining high resolution in the region of interest. A high DC voltage was applied to the model to generate a local non-uniform electric field exceeding 10 MV/m, allowing the numerical simulations of ionization, recombination, and charge attachment in the streamer channel. The numerical results were compared with voltage and current measurements from full-scale experiments under identical geometry and initial conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of this study enhance the understanding of the multiphysical mechanisms behind electrical discharge phenomena and can enable the prediction of insulation failure through simple simulations, eliminating insulation experiments on devices.

关键词： electrohydrodynamics multiphysics modeling finite element analysis corona streamer electric discharge

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Experiment-Validated multiphysics modeling, generalizable deep learning and interpretable global sensitivity analyses for thermoelectric generators

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2024年 229卷

作者： Duan, Yiling Lin, Shangchao Bai, Yunfei Liu, Shichao Liu, Yang Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Inst Engn Thermophys Sch Mech Engn Key Lab Power Machinery & EngnMinist Educ Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Shanghai Inst Space Power Sources State Key Lab Space Power Sources Technol Shanghai 200245 Peoples R China

Despite extensive studies on thermoelectric materials in a thermoelectric generator (TEG), the inverse design of TEG operating conditions remains challenging. Recent efforts in deep learning of TEGs using artificial neural network (ANN) lack global sensitivity analyses and interpretation of the connection-weights, leading to unknown coupling between input parameters and errors in importance ranking. This work reports a deep learning framework for TEGs using generalizable ANN, interpretable local (LSA) and global sensitivity analyses (GSA). Sensitivity analyses are applied to determine how energy conversion efficiency (eta) under the practical Neumann and Robin thermal boundary conditions is affected by TEG operating conditions, including hot-side heat flux (q(h)), cold-side convective heat transfer coefficient (h(f)), temperature of the cooling medium (T-a), load resistance (R-L), electric contact resistance (R-c), and thermal contact resistance (K-c). First, multiphysics TEG simulation results based on 3D finite element method (FEM) are validated by our experimental measurements using a self-built TEG performance evaluation system. The partial derivative-based LSA is done on a 1D theoretical TEG model to obtain the trend in sensitivity factors. Then, an ANN model is trained and validated based on the FEM simulation results and applied to the GSA process, aiming at reducing the computational load. Variance-based GSA is applied on the ANN model to determine the importance ranking and reflect the coupling between input parameters. The variance-based GSA ranks the importance as q(h)> h(f )> R-L >T-a approximate to R-c approximate to K-c, and reflects the coupling between q(h) and h(f). Finally, to interpret the ANN and the hidden deep learning process, a method combining the connection-weights algorithm and neural interpretation diagram (NID) is proposed to extract the hidden information in the connection weights. The ANN model is proven generalizable towards larger ra

关键词： Thermoelectric generator Artificial neural network multiphysics modeling Finite element method Sensitivity analysis Neural interpretation diagram

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multiphysics modeling of Hydrokinetic Turbine Energy Conversion System

Multiphysics Modeling of Hydrokinetic Turbine Energy Convers...

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2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023

作者： Tariquzzaman, Md Barton, Samuel J. Li, Peidong Thurlbeck, Alastair P. Kilgore, Trenton Brekken, Ted K.A. Cao, Yue Oregon State University School of Eecs CorvallisOR United States National Renewable Energy Lab GoldenCO United States Daimler Truck North America PortlandOR United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316445

Hydrokinetic turbines (HKTs) hold great promise as a renewable energy source, but high maintenance costs and limited energy output hinder their widespread adoption. The lack of comprehensive research on HKT drivetrain designs creates a knowledge gap in enhancing generation efficiency and cost reduction. A model of the HKT system with a focus on electric drivetrains and power converters is required to address this knowledge gap. This paper first introduces a MATLAB-averaged model integrating electrical-mechanical-thermal domains and aging behaviors within multi-time frames. Then a PLECS model, which incorporates maximum power point tracking and dq reference framed control for AC-DC-AC power converters, is enriched by a dynamic thermal model to predict fast transients accurately. These models optimize the design at the component level, resulting in improved integrated system performance. Furthermore, the validation of the models is carried out through hardware experiments for the averaged model and hardware-in-the-loop testing for the dynamic model. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： current energy electric drivetrain hydrokinetic turbine lifetime multiphysics modeling power converters thermal

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