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Multifunctional Additive Manufacturing and multiphysics Numerical Investigations of Carbon Fiber Structural Battery Composite using a Drop-on-Demand method with In-situ Consolidation

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MATERIALS & DESIGN 2023年第1期229卷

作者： Dong, Xiangyang Chen, Yuekun Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Mech & Aerosp Engn Rolla MO 65409 USA

Lightweight carbon fiber structural battery composite has great potential in increasing structural energy storage efficiency for multifunctional applications. However, it is still challenging to design carbon fiber multifunctional composite due to lack of proper manufacturing methods. In this study, an integrated multifunctional design and fabrication approach is developed by combining a drop-on-demand additive manufacturing method with a multiphysics numerical model to guide the development of the new mul-tifunctional composite. Through deposition with in-situ consolidation, the function and thickness of each carbon fiber layer as well as its fiber volume fraction are accurately controlled. Decreasing layer thickness improves flexural properties. The discharge capacity and energy density are initially improved by 47% and 39%, respectively, but then significantly reduced due to limited lithium transport within closely packed carbon fibers at higher volume fraction. An optimal fiber volume fraction of 35 vol% exists for car-bon fiber structural battery composite. A good agreement is found between prediction results and exper-imental measurements. Further investigations of lithium-ion concentration and stress distribution by the validated multiphysics model find that electrolyte conductivity more significantly affects discharge pro- cess than discharge rate. The multifunctional design and fabrication approach provides insights for future development of high-performance carbon fiber structural battery composite. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Structural battery composite Additive manufacturing Multifunctional design In-situ consolidation Multifunctional performance multiphysics modeling

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multiphysics Model of Thomson-Coil Actuators With Closed-Form Inductance Formulas and Comprehensive Mechanical Interactions

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IEEE JOURNAL ON MULTISCALE AND multiphysics COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES 2024年 9卷 267-278页

作者： Sun, Zehui Xu, Jiazi Cui, Puyi Li, Guoli Chen, Zhong Zhang, Guoyong Wang, Qunjing Anhui Univ Sch Elect Engn & Automat Hefei 230039 Peoples R China Anhui Univ Engn Res Ctr Power Qual Minist Educ Hefei 230039 Peoples R China Anhui Univ Anhui Key Lab Ind Energy Saving & Safety Hefei 230601 Peoples R China State Grid Anhui Elect Power Co LTD Elect Power Res Inst Hefei 230601 Peoples R China Anhui Univ Anhui Collaborat Innovat Ctr Ind Energy Saving & P Hefei 230601 Peoples R China

This paper introduces simplified closed-form formulas for inductance calculations tailored for cases involving coaxial coils in extreme proximity. These formulas address the challenges associated with inductance calculations in the equivalent-circuit method (ECM) modeling of Thomson-coil actuators (TCAs), offering ultra-fast fault current-breaking capability for DC circuit breakers. The implementation of the ECM model using these closed-form formulas features high efficiency, accessibility, and transferability. Importantly, the present implementation of the multiphysics ECM model integrates comprehensive mechanical interactions, providing a benchmark approach for designing TCAs.

关键词： Inductance Coils Finite element analysis Actuators Conductors Analytical models Integrated circuit modeling Closed-form formula equivalent-circuit method (ECM) multiphysics modeling thomson-coil actuator (TCA)

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multiphysics Digital Model of the High Frequency Transformer for Power Electronics Application Considering Electro-Thermal Interactions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2023年第11期38卷 14345-14359页

作者： Wang, Zhaoxin Bak, Claus Leth Wang, Huai Sorensen, Henrik da Silva, Filipe Faria Aalborg Univ AAU Energy DK-9200 Aalborg Denmark

The high frequency transformer (HFT) applied in the power electronics operate under the combined stresses of high-frequency pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage and high temperature. The electro-thermal coupling effect can accelerate the aging process and even cause the failure of the HFT's insulation. The accurate modeling and simulation of the multiphysics fields of the HFT is crucial for investigating the electrical and thermal stresses on the insulation. The interaction between the electromagnetic and temperature fields in HFTs makes this task challenging. Specifically, the temperature field in HFTs is influenced by electromagnetic losses, while the electromagnetic parameters of the material and loss distribution are related to temperature and voltage frequency. This article explores the interaction between high-frequency electromagnetic and temperature fields and develops a comprehensive multiphysics coupling model based on the analyzed results. The model allows for the digital replicate of the circuit, electric, magnetic, and temperature fields and it provides precise identification of the electrical and thermal stresses on the insulation. A 60 kHz HFT for dual active bridge applications is taken as the example and the simulation results indicate that the proposed model can improve accuracy by 19.14% compared to conventional methods. Finally, a high-frequency PWM test platform for the HFT is developed, and the proposed model is validated through experimental results.

关键词： Power transformer insulation Mathematical models Insulation Analytical models Integrated circuit modeling Atmospheric modeling Finite element analysis Electro-thermal coupling effect high frequency transformer (HFT) multiphysics modeling

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A brief review on multiphysics modelling of the various physical and chemical phenomena occurring in active oxidation reactors

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CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2023年 40卷

作者： Baetens, Donja Schoofs, Kobe Somers, Nick Denys, Siegfried Univ Antwerp Dept Biosci Engn Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerp Belgium

Heterogeneous photocatalysis can be used as an advanced oxidation technology frequently studied for application in photoreactors for air and water treatment. Extensive experimental investigation entails high costs and is also time consuming. multiphysics modelling, a relatively new numerical method, provides a cost-effective and valuable alternative. By reconstructing the reactor geometry in dedicated software, meshing it and solving for occurring physical and chemical phenomena, multiphysics models can be used to evaluate the performance of different reactor designs, increase insight into the occurring phenomena and study the influence of operational parameters on reactor performance. Finally, multiphysics models are also developed for various applications like optimising the operational parameters, creating the ideal reactor design or scaling up a lab-scale reactor to a realistic prototype.

关键词： multiphysics modeling oxidation reactor Computational fluid dynamics Photocatalytic

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multiphysics Computing of Challenging Antenna Arrays Under a Supercomputer Framework

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IEEE JOURNAL ON MULTISCALE AND multiphysics COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES 2023年 8卷 165-177页

作者： Zhang, Hao-Xuan Zhan, Qiwei Huang, Li Wang, Da-Wei Wang, Yin-Da Wang, Wei-Jie Zhao, Zhen-Guo Zhou, Hai-Jing Kang, Kai Zhou, Liang Yin, Wen-Yan Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Minist Educ Design & Electromagnet Compatibil High Key Lab Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Purple Mt Labs Nanjing 211102 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll ISEE Key Lab Adv Micronano Elect Devices & Smart Syst Z Innovat Inst Electromagnet Informat & Elect Integr Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math Beijing 100088 Peoples R China Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Sch Elect & Informat Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Elect Engn Chengdu 610054 Peoples R China

A parallel multiphysics simulation solver is developed to solve electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling for some challenging large-scale antenna arrays. To achieve high scalability of supercomputer architectures, we reconstruct the preconditioned BiCGSTAB method and the non-overlapping domain decomposition method, so that the most resource-intensive matrix factorization steps can be performed in parallel independently within subdomains. The electromagnetic and thermal fields are solved separately, while coupled through the dissipated power and the temperature-dependent material parameters;after thermal steady state is reached, the mechanical simulation is stimulated subject to the temperature rise. The accuracy of electromagnetic-thermal coupling and thermal stress solution are first validated, and then the strong/weak parallel scalability experiments of the developed multiphysics solver are performed on supercomputer. Finally, an extremely challenging antenna array is simulated using the proposed solver, where to our best knowledge we bring the scale of multiphysics simulations excited by frequency-domain electromagnetic fields to the order of billion unknowns for the first time.

关键词： Antenna arrays Mathematical models Finite element analysis Couplings Computational modeling Thermal stresses Strain Array antenna multiphysics modeling parallel algorithm supercomputer

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Improved product selectivity of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide by tuning local carbon dioxide concentration with multiphysics models

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ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2023年第6期21卷 3045-3054页

作者： Qiu, Haoran Wang, Feng Liu, Ya Guo, Liejin Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is promising to alleviate carbon emissions and produce fuels and materials in a circular way, yet effective tuning strategies and fundamental understanding are lacking. In particular, cell design is actually done by simplistic one- or two-dimensional models, which incorporate numerous assumptions, leading to potential errors and discrepancies. Here, we establish new two-dimensional multiphysics models that incorporate cell-specific geometry, gas-liquid two-phase flow, and electrochemical kinetics. We calculate the temporary and spatial variations of the local CO2 concentration, electrochemical parameters, and products selectivity on the cathode surface, under different cell configurations and operating parameters. Products include dihydrogen (H-2), carbon monoxide (CO), formic acid (HCOOH), ethylene (C2H4), ethanol (C2H5OH), and propanol (C3H7OH). We further investigated the effect of local CO2 concentration on CO2 reduction performance. We find that high local CO2 concentration, above 8.7 mM, enhances the selectivity for C-1 products and the cathode polarization, whereas extremely low local CO2 concentration, of 0.75-5.5 mM, favors the selectivity for C2+ products, especially alcohols. C2+ selectivity ranges from 81.3 to 88.6% at 4.8-5.5 mM local CO2 concentration, while alcohol products selectivity ranges between 54.9 and 65.4% at 0.75-1.9 mM CO2 concentration. These findings are attributed to the reduced CO2 diffusion layer thickness to less than 10 & mu;m at the cathode. This enhances the CO2 mass transfer efficiency to the cathode, and eliminates temporal and spatial variations of the local CO2 distribution along the cathode surface.

关键词： CO2 reduction Local CO2 concentration Two-phase flow multiphysics modeling Alcohol products

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multiphysics Simulation and Measurement Correlation of a Multichip Module IC Package Current Sensor 33

Multiphysics Simulation and Measurement Correlation of a Mul...

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33rd Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems

作者： Murugan, Rajen Chen, Jie Li, Guangxu Suzuki, Yutaka Ankamah-Kusi, Sylvester Texas Instruments Inc Dallas TX 75243 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351248;9798350351231

As the semiconductor market shifts its focus to 3D integration, lowest cost, and high performance, the need for advanced analog packaging technologies becomes paramount. Integrating multichip and passives onto cost-effective package technologies create opportunities for highly competitive semiconductor products. However, this aggressive integration also leads to complex multiphysics and multiscale interactions, especially for small-form-factor modules. This work describes the multiphysics (electrical-thermal-mechanical) co-design modeling methodology that resulted in the industry's first highly accurate, voltage-output multichip module current-sense integrated circuit. The reliability of the multiphysics modeling methodology was confirmed by directly comparing it to measurements taken on a 36V, bi-directional, precision current sense amplifier with an integrated shunt resistor evaluation module (EVM). The study demonstrates a strong correlation (within +/- 0.3-2.5% difference) between simulation and laboratory measurements, underscoring the practical relevance and impact of our research.

关键词： Advanced packaging Current sensor Multichip module multiphysics modeling Correlation

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modeling of a Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Battery for Performance and Capacity Fade Analysis

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BATTERIES-BASEL 2025年第1期11卷 8-8页

作者： D'Adamo, Mirko Daub, Nicolas Trilla, Lluis Saez-Zamora, Jose A. Paz-Garcia, Juan Manuel NVISION Gran Via Carles III 124 ent 1a Barcelona 08034 Spain Inst Recerca Energia Catalunya IREC Jardins Dones Negre 1 2? pl Sant Adria del Beso 08930 Spain Univ Politecn Catalunya UPC Barcelona Sch Ind Engn ETSEIB Dept Control Robot & Comp Vis Diagonal 647 Barcelona 08034 Spain Eindhoven Univ Technol Inst Complex Mol Syst Dept Chem Engn & Chem Res Grp Mol Mat & Nanosyst NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Univ Malaga Dept Chem Engn Malaga 29071 Spain

This study presents a prototype non-aqueous redox flow battery that advances the capabilities of conventional systems by achieving a wide operational voltage range, high efficiency, and prolonged cycle life. Leveraging the redox pair 10-[2-(2-methoxy ethoxy)ethyl]-10H-phenothiazine and 2-ethylterephthalonitrile, the system delivers a discharge cell voltage ranging from approximately 2.25 V to 1.9 V. To address the economic challenges associated with non-aqueous redox flow batteries, this work explores a cost-efficient design using a symmetric cell architecture and a low-cost, porous separator. To evaluate the feasibility and scalability of this approach, a 2D time-transient reactive transport model is developed, integrating Nernst-Planck electroneutrality principles and porous electrode kinetics. The model is optimized and validated against experimental charge/discharge cycles, accurately predicting voltage behavior. Additionally, the study provides crucial insights into the crossover phenomenon, elucidating the transport dynamics and spatial distribution of active species within the cell. This comprehensive framework establishes a robust foundation for future efforts to scale and optimize non-aqueous redox flow batteries for large-scale energy storage applications, bringing them closer to commercial viability.

关键词： redox flow batteries multiphysics modeling crossover diffusion non-aqueous redox flow battery capacity fade operational voltage window voltage prediction

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Study of the Phenomena Affecting the Efficiency of the Fission Gas Removal System in the Fuel Circuit of a Molten Salt Reactor

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2025年

作者： Marone, M. Rubiolo, P. Capellan, N. Giraud, J. Univ Grenoble Alpes Grenoble INP CNRS LPSC F-38000 Grenoble France

The use of liquid fuel and the subsequent high fission product (FP) mobility are key features that distinguish molten salt reactors (MSRs) from other nuclear reactor designs. Among the potential advantages of MSRs, the possibilities of having online refueling and fuel reprocessing systems have been recognized as key design options. One of the online processes proposed for the liquid fuel is the extraction of fission gases (FGs), notably xenon and krypton, by a dedicated helium bubbling system. In this work, a multiphysics modeling tool is used to investigate the effect of the efficiency of a FG removal system on the FP concentration and distribution inside the liquid fuel of a small MSR concept. Additionally, a model of the migration of FG atoms dissolved in the salt to the circulating bubbles present in the system is described, and a parametric study is performed for the main variables affecting the mass transfer process: Sherwood number, Henry constant, diffusion coefficient, bubble diameter, and bubble volume fraction. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of these parameters in order to select the most suitable modeling approach for capturing the relevant mass transfer phenomena and to provide an accurate description of the MSR removal system's performance for different FGs. The analysis shows that a high removal efficiency is required if the goal of the helium bubbling system is to reduce the concentration of short-lived FGs and their daughters, which account for an important fraction of the total amount of FPs in the fuel circuit. Moreover, the half-lives of the FGs and the fraction of the FG inventory inside the bubbles were identified as the main parameters affecting the removal system's efficiency. However, the results also indicate that the behavior of the FG daughters that are produced by radioactive decays inside the helium bubbles will require further detailed studies. These studies would have to consider the phenomena associated t

关键词： Molten salt reactor fission products fission gases helium bubbling multiphysics modeling

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Investigation of Bituminized Waste Products Swelling Behavior Due to Water Uptake Under Confined Leaching Conditions: Experiments and modeling

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS 2025年第3期49卷 877-894页

作者： Chen, Yujiong Champenois, Jean-Baptiste Dangla, Patrick Granet, Sylvie Lautru, Joseph Leclerc, Arnaud Melot, Geoffroy Univ Gustave Eiffel Ecole Ponts Navier CNRS Marne La Vallee France EDF R&D Saclay EDF R&D Dep ERMES Palaiseau France Univ Montpellier CEA DES ISECDPME Marcoule France Univ Montpellier Inst Chim Separat Marcoule CEA ENSCMICSMCNRS Marcoule France

Bituminized waste products (BWPs) were produced by conditioning in bitumen the co-precipitation sludge resulting from the industrial reprocessing of nuclear spent fuel. For some intermediate level long-lived (ILW-LL) classified BWPs, a long-term disposal solution in France is underground geological disposal. One of the challenges for BWPs in geological disposal conditions is their swelling behavior due to water uptake. This swelling, if sufficiently important, could lead to mechanical coupling with the host rock, resulting in the application of pressure that could damage it. Consequently, the swelling behavior of BWPs must be considered in safety studies for the underground storage facility after site closure. The present work is a continuation of a previous one and focuses on investigating both experimentally and numerically the BWPs' swelling behavior due to water uptake under confined leaching conditions. The swelling of simplified BWPs was experimentally monitored for about 2.5 years during leaching tests under constant counterpressure. The numerical model is extended from a previous work that incorporates coupled homogenization of transport terms (diffusion, permeation, osmosis) with mechanics via Maxwell's viscoelastic model. An original nonlinear poro-viscoelastic model taking into account large strains is proposed in this paper to better model the BWPs leaching behavior under confined conditions. The experimental results of leaching tests under constant counterpressure are generally well predicted by the resulting numerical model. The role of the poorly soluble salts BaSO4 within the solid BWP matrix is investigated.

关键词： bituminized waste products chemical-hydro-mechanical modeling leaching multiphysics modeling osmotic pressure poro-viscoelastic modeling radioactive wastes

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