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18th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON)

作者： Lin, Chunyu Zhao, Yao Bai, Huihui Goh, Kwong Huang Beijing Jiaotong Univ Inst Informat Sci Beijing Key Lab Adv Informat Sci & Network Beijing Peoples R China ASTAR Signal Proc Dept Inst Infocomm Res Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781467345231;9781467345217

Scalable video coding(SVC) is designed to provide adaptable capability for heterogeneous network structures with its scalabilities. Due to the introducing of inter-layer prediction, SVC coded bitstream is much vulnerable to the channel error. To solve this problem, a lot of schemes are proposed. However, they are either not compatible with the standard or just focus on one of scalabilities in SVC. In this paper, we propose a multiple description scheme that is compatible with SVC standard and supports all the scalabilities. The proposed scheme is based on the redundant slice in the SVC standard, in which each layer is composed of primary slice and redundant slice by interleaving. To deal with the mismatch error and propagated error, the quantization step of redundant slice and the mode of each macroblock is tuned by considering the prediction path in the same layer and between different layers, as well as the channel packet loss rate. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is efficient for the packet loss channel.

关键词： Scalable video coding multiple description coding Redundant slice

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multiple description coding using transforms and data fusion

Multiple description coding using transforms and data fusion

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3rd International Workshop on Digital and Computational Video (DCV 2002)

作者： Tian, SM Rajan, PK Tennessee Technol Univ Ctr Mfg Res Cookeville TN 38505 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780379845

A new multiple description coding technique is proposed in this paper, in which multiple descriptions are generated using different transforms and a linear fusion is employed to reconstruct the central description. This new method exhibits some of the advantages of multiple description vector quantization while having the complexity of multiple description scalar quantization. When this method is applied to fixed level scalar quantization of a memoryless Gaussian signal, the distortion of the central description is about half the distortion of side descriptions if the side descriptions have been designed to have the least distortion achievable at a fixed rate. When applied to image coding, the new technique yields result which is better than current state-of-the-art MD image coders in terms of description distortions and complexity of implementation.

关键词： multiple description coding image coding

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multiple description coding for the Compound Broadcast Channel

Multiple Description Coding for the Compound Broadcast Chann...

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IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW)

作者： Benammar, Meryem Piantanida, Pablo Shamai (Shitz), Shlomo SUPELEC Dept Telecommun F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette France Technion Dept Elect Engn Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781479959990

This work investigates the "2 by 1" two-user Compound Broadcast Channel. We investigate an evolved encoding scheme, based on the use of multiple description (MD) coding, where the source transmits both common and private descriptions to the many channel instances of the same user. We derive the resulting MD inner bound and evaluate it for the compound MISO BC resorting to a Dirty Paper Code (DPC). The suggested MD-DPC "strictly" outperforms Common description (CD)-DPC and hence, palliates better the effect of channel uncertainty.

关键词： broadcast channels encoding wireless channels MISO broadcast channel channel uncertainty dirty paper code evolved encoding inner bound multiple description coding two user compound broadcast channel Compounds Correlation Encoding Interference Uncertainty Vectors Uncertainty wireless channels coding broadcast channels compounds interference multiple description coding

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multiple description coding for wireless channels with multiple antennas

Multiple description coding for wireless channels with multi...

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IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01)

作者： At, N Altunbasak, Y Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780372069

multiple description coding (MDC) provides error resilience by producing several descriptions of the source so that various quality reconstructions can be obtained from any subset of the descriptions. The use of correlating transforms within the MDC framework has been studied for "on-off" channels, such as packet-switched channels. Since this channel model is not appropriate for wireless systems, we introduce fading channel models, such as Rayleigh, Rician, or Nakagami channel, within the context of MDC. We further discuss the optimal correlating transforms.

关键词： multiple description coding source and space diversity joint source-channel coding, and multiple antenna wireless systems

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multiple description coding with Delta-Sigma Modulation 10th

Multiple Description Coding with Delta-Sigma Modulation

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10th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Shiomi, Ryuta Abe, Daiki Yakoh, Takahiro Keio Univ Dept Syst Design Engn Yokohama Kanagawa 223 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467303118

multiple description coding (MDC) can be applied for multipath communication to reduce the negative affect of packet loss, and it is composed of three processes: encoding, quantizing, and decoding. Encoding and decoding are well researched in MDC, but there are few researches that focus on the quantization process. Therefore, this paper focuses on the quantization process of MDC. The aim of this paper is to improve the quality of the received data, and to reduce the bit width by employing static quantization (uniform quantization) with dynamic quantizer (Delta Sigma modulation). Performance evaluation was done using a block diagram input module XCos which is attached to the formula processing software Scilab. As a result of using the Delta Sigma modulation, the distortion improved by 95.2% when both of the descriptions were received, and 45.3% when only one of the description was received. Also, the experimental result showed that the quantization bit width can be reduced from 8 bit to 6 bit when the Delta Sigma modulation was used.

关键词： multiple description coding MDC dynamical quantization delta-sigma modulation

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multiple description coding Based on Enhanced X-tree 6

Multiple Description Coding Based on Enhanced X-tree

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6th International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA)

作者： Cai, Canhui Chen, Jing Zeng, Huanqiang Huaqiao Univ Sch Engn Quanzhou 362021 Peoples R China Huaqiao Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Xiamen 361021 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467389105

This paper proposes a multiple description image coding scheme based on 2D dual-tree transform and the enhanced x-tree encoding method. The input image is firstly mapped into 2D dual-tree discrete wavelet domain to form 2 wavelet coefficient trees. A sparse algorithm is then used to remove the most redundant wavelet coefficients resulted from dual-tree discrete wavelet transform (DDWT), forming the basic component of both descriptions, respectively. In order to improve the quality of the side reconstruction, a side sparse algorithm is then imposed on two sparse coefficient trees to produce the additional for both side decoding. The basic information from one tree and additional information from the other are sent to an enhanced x-tree encoder, which is proposed to exploit the strong correlation between two wavelet trees resulted from DDWT, forming the bitstream of a description. Since each description includes the basic information and part of details of the input image, even one of the descriptions gets lost, the reconstructed image can still keep acceptable quality. Simulation results have verified that the proposed algorithm has good coding performance and error resilient ability.

关键词： multiple description coding dual-tree discrete wavelet transform enhanced x-tree coding

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multiple description coding for Closed Loop Systems over Erasure Channels

Multiple Description Coding for Closed Loop Systems over Era...

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Data Compression Conference (DCC)

作者： Ostergaard, Jan Quevedo, Daniel E. Aalborg Univ Dept Elect Syst DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781467360371

In this paper, we consider robust source coding in closed-loop systems. In particular, we consider a (possibly) unstable LTI system, which is to be stabilized via a network. The network has random delays and erasures on the data-rate limited (digital) forward channel between the encoder (controller) and the decoder (plant). The feedback channel from the decoder to the encoder is assumed noiseless. Since the forward channel is digital, we need to employ quantization. We combine two techniques to enhance the reliability of the system. First, in order to guarantee that the system remains stable during packet dropouts and delays, we transmit quantized control vectors containing current control values for the decoder as well as future predicted control values. Second, we utilize multiple description coding based on forward error correction codes to further aid in the robustness towards packet erasures. In particular, we transmit M redundant packets, which are constructed such that when receiving any J packets, the current control signal as well as J-1 future control signals can be reliably reconstructed at the decoder. We prove stability subject to quantization constraints, random dropouts, and delays by showing that the system can be cast as a Markov jump linear system.

关键词： Markov jump linear systems multiple description coding Quantization stability

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State estimation over packet dropping networks using multiple description coding

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AUTOMATICA 2006年第9期42卷 1441-1452页

作者： Jin, Zhipu Gupta, Vijay Murray, Richard M. CALTECH Div Engn & Appl Sci Pasadena CA 91125 USA

For state estimation over a communication network, efficiency and reliability of the network are critical issues. The presence of packet dropping and communication delay can greatly impair our ability to measure and predict the state of a dynamic process. In this paper, multiple description (MD) codes, a type of network source codes, are used to compensate for this effect on Kalman filtering. We consider two packet dropping models: in one model, packet dropping occurs according to an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Bernoulli random process and in the other model, packet dropping is bursty and occurs according to a Markov chain. We show that MD codes greatly improve the statistical stability and performance of Kalman filter over a large set of packet loss scenarios in both cases. Our conclusions are verified by simulation results. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： state estimation packet dropping Kalman filter multiple description coding

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Joint Intra and multiple description coding for Packet Loss Resilient Video Transmission

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2018年第4期20卷 781-795页

作者： Kazemi, Mohammad Iqbal, Razib Shirmohammadi, Shervin Univ Isfahan Dept Elect Engn Esfahan Iran Mississippi State Univ Dept Comp Sci Springfield MO 65897 USA Univ Ottawa Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

multiple description coding (MDC) is a technique for video transmission over error prone networks where the descriptions are routed over multiple paths. Intra coding such as MDC provides error resiliency but coding in this mode must he decided with care since it degrades the compression ratio. In this paper, we present our investigation results for a new intra coding approach in MDC. We have found that, in MDC streams, the best policy is to encode selective frames as I-frame instead of coding some macroblocks of frames in intra mode. In order to find the most suitable I-frame positions within a given video stream, we developed a cost function based on which intra/inter frame type is decided. The MDC scheme with the proposed intra coding criterion, with and without redundancy optimization, is implemented in the H.264/AVC reference software, JM 16.0. Based on the experimental performance evaluation, we show that our method achieves higher average PSNR compared to the other optimized MDCs found in the literature.

关键词： multiple description coding intra coding error resilient coding mode decision

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Performance Analysis of n-Channel Symmetric FEC-Based multiple description coding for OFDM Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2011年第4期20卷 1061-1076页

作者： Chang, Seok-Ho Cosman, Pamela C. Milstein, Laurence B. Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA

Recently, multiple description source coding has emerged as an attractive framework for robust multimedia transmission over packet erasure channels. In this paper, we mathematically analyze the performance of n-channel symmetric FEC-based multiple description coding for a progressive mode of transmission over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) networks in a frequency-selective slowly-varying Rayleigh faded environment. We derive the expressions for the bounds of the throughput and distortion performance of the system in an explicit closed form, whereas the exact performance is given by an expression in the form of a single integration. Based on this analysis, the performance of the system can be numerically evaluated. Our results show that at high SNR, the multiple description encoder does not need to fine-tune the optimization parameters of the system due to the correlated nature of the subcarriers. It is also shown that, despite the bursty nature of the errors in a slow fading environment, FEC-based multiple description coding without temporal coding provides a greater advantage for smaller description sizes.

关键词： Cross-layer design multimedia communications multiple description coding orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) progressive transmission wireless video

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