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European Signal Processing Conference

作者： Stefania Colonnese Nicolas Herrero Lorenzo Rossi Gaetano Scarano INFOCOM Dep.t Universita "La Sapienza" di Roma Telefonica Research

multiple description coding (MDC) is aimed at achieving transmission diversity for error resilient purposes by transmitting different coded descriptions of the same data. In this paper we analyze a poliphase subsampling MDC technique implemented by pre-processing and post-processing stages of a H.264/AVC standard compliant encoder and decoder. The pre-processing step performs a suitable interleaving that builds a synthetic sequence where each frame carries different subsampled frames of the original sequence. The synthetic sequence is ordinarily encoded and transmitted. At the receiver side, the H.264 decoder performs error concealment exploiting the multiple data descriptions, and the de-interleaving stage generates a decoded version of the original sequence. A robust restoration algorithm based on edge-preserving interpolation is then applied. Simulations show that the analyzed scheme improves the decoded video sequence quality both from an objective and from a subjective point of view.

关键词： edge protection diversity reception multiple description coding multiple domain controllers CCL22 gene Interpolation ORIGINAL Data description decoders Pretreatment point of view stream stage FRAMES

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A multiple description scalable coding scheme for adaptive video streaming over next generation cellular networks

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 2019年 91卷 77-90页

作者： Chaoub, Abdelaali Ibn-Elhaj, Elhassane Natl Inst Posts & Telecommun INPT Rabat STRS Lab MUS Team Rabat Morocco

Nowadays, billions of users are connected to the mobile infrastructure offering a plethora of emerging services, and video streams are among the main contributors to this unprecedented traffic explosion. The paradigm of dynamic spectrum access (DSA) was coined and has become a widely accepted technology to boost the capacity of next generation networks. In this work, we propose an enhanced video coding implementation jointly with a DSA protocol wherein the sender actively picks up the most appropriate access strategy contingent on the instantaneous spectrum observations. The legacy frequencies pool has been extended to include the spectral ranges left unused in the television (TV) bands. A specific coding framework using a concatenation of multiple description coding and layered coding is investigated. The video is decomposed into two sub-streams through even and odd frames separation, then the resulting sub-streams are encoded into a scalable structure producing two independent and cumulative descriptions. The sender chooses to make use of the extended spectrum pool exclusively when the default frequencies are no more advantageous in terms of network capacity. Through extensive simulations, we compare the performance of the cellular network with and without the proposed DSA strategy. It has been proven that the proposed video transmission scheme using hybrid spectrum access provides a significant enhancement in network capacity up to 6.3 Mbps and the capacity gain outweighs the disadvantage of interference incidents due to licensed-cognitive, co-channel and adjacent channel coexistence, besides retrieving an improved perceived video quality at the customer side illustrated by an increment of up to 6.8 dB (0.176, respectively) in terms of the achieved PSNR-HVS-M (MS-SSIM, respectively). (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic spectrum access Cellular networks TV white space Underlay Interweave Scalable coding multiple description coding

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Joint Temporal and Spatial Error Concealment for multiple description Video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2010年第12期20卷 1822-1833页

作者： Tsai, Wen-Jiin Chen, Jian-Yu Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

Transmission of compressed video signals over error-prone networks exposes the information to losses and errors. To reduce the effects of these losses and errors, this paper presents a joint spatial-temporal estimation method which takes advantages of data correlation in these two domains for better recovery of the lost information. The method is designed for the hybrid multiple description coding which splits video signals along spatial and temporal dimensions. In particular, the proposed method includes fixed and content-adaptive approaches for estimation method selection. The fixed approach selects the estimation method based on description loss cases, while the adaptive approach selects the method according to pixel gradients. The experimental results demonstrate that improved error resilience can be accomplished by the proposed estimation method.

关键词： Lost description estimation multiple description coding spatial segmentation temporal segmentation

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H.264/AVC-based multiple description video coding using dynamic slice groups

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2008年第9期23卷 677-691页

作者： Su, Che-Chun Chen, Homer H. Yao, Jason J. Huang, Polly Dept Elect Engn Taipei 10617 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Commun Engn Taipei 10617 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Networking & Multimedia Taipei 10617 Taiwan

In this paper, an H.264/AVC-based multiple description video coding scheme is proposed. It utilizes the advanced video coding tools and features provided in H.264/AVC to introduce redundancy into descriptions. Two independently decodable descriptions are generated, each consisting of two slice groups. One of them, called main slice group (MSG), is encoded normally as main information. The other one, called side slice group (SSG), is encoded with fewer bits as redundancy information by using larger quantization step sizes. Spatial and temporal correlations between neighboring macroblocks in video frames are exploited to achieve efficient redundancy coding. Experimental results show that the proposed MDC scheme is superior to previous slice group based multiple description coding (MDC) schemes in terms of the rate-distortion (R-D) performance. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： H.264/AVC multiple description coding Slice group

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Routing-Aware multiple description Video coding Over Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2011年第1期13卷 132-142页

作者： Liao, Yiting Gibson, Jerry D. Univ Calif Santa Barbara Dept Elect & Comp Engn Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

Supporting video transmission over error-prone mobile ad-hoc networks is becoming increasingly important as these networks become more widely deployed. We propose a routing-aware multiple description video coding approach to support video transmission over mobile ad-hoc networks with multiple path transport. We build a statistical model to estimate the packet loss probability of each packet transmitted over the network based on the standard ad-hoc routing messages and network parameters. We then estimate the frame loss probability and dynamically select reference frames in order to alleviate error propagation caused by the packet losses. We conduct experiments using the QualNet simulator that accounts for node mobility, channel properties, MAC operation, multipath routing, and traffic type. The results demonstrate that our proposed method provides 0.7-2.3 dB gains in PSNR for different video sequences under different network settings and guarantees better video quality for a selectably high number of users of the network. Furthermore, we examine the estimation accuracy of our proposed estimation model and show that our model works effectively under various network settings.

关键词： Error resilience mobile ad-hoc networks multipath routing multiple description coding video communications

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multiple description image coding based on Lagrangian rate allocation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2007年第3期16卷 673-683页

作者： Tillo, Tammam Grangetto, Marco Olmo, Gabriella Politecn Torino Dept Elect I-10129 Turin Italy

In this paper, a novel multiple description coding technique is proposed, based on optimal Lagrangian rate allocation. The method assumes the coded data consists of independently coded blocks. Initially, all the blocks are coded at two different rates. Then blocks are split into two subsets with similar rate distortion characteristics;two balanced descriptions are generated by combining code blocks belonging to the two subsets encoded at opposite rates. A theoretical analysis of the approach is carried out, and the optimal rate distortion conditions are worked out. The method is successfully applied to the JPEG 2000 standard and simulation results show a noticeable performance improvement with respect to state-of-the art algorithms. The proposed technique enables easy tuning of the required coding redundancy. Moreover, the generated streams are fully compatible with Part I of the standard.

关键词： error resilience JPEG 2000 multiple description coding rate-distortion optimization

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Rate/distortion optimization in multiple description video coding

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2015年 36卷 95-105页

作者： Kazemi, Mohammad Sadeghi, Khosrow Haj Shirmohammadi, Shervin Moallem, Peyman Univ Isfahan Dept Elect Engn Esfahan Iran Shari Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Tehran Iran Istanbul Sehir Univ Coll Engn Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Sehir Univ Coll Nat Sci Istanbul Turkey Univ Ottawa Distributed & Collaborat Virtual Environm Res Lab Ottawa ON Canada

multiple description coding (MDC) is a technique where multiple streams from a video source are generated, each individually decodable and mutually refinable. MDC is a promising solution to overcome packet loss in video transmission over noisy channels, particularly for real-time applications in which retransmission of lost information is not practical. The error resiliency feature of MDC is achieved at the cost of redundancy, and the required amount of redundancy for each frame depends on the packet loss ratio and also the importance of the frame in the sequence. Due to the error propagation in video transmission over lossy channels, reference frames of a Group of Pictures (GOP) are more important for video reconstruction and, hence, need more redundancy to increase the chance of being received correctly. Therefore a channel adaptive optimization for frame-wise redundancy allocation is needed. In this paper, based on the difference of the side and central decoder outputs, the receiver side distortion is formulated and then used for optimization of a MDC scheme. The performance of the optimizer is verified by experimental results measured from JM 16.0, H.264/AVC reference software. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Video transmission multiple description coding Rate-distortion optimization Redundancy allocation

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Reliable rate-adaptive video transmission over cognitive cellular networks using multiple description scalable coding

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TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2019年第3期71卷 321-338页

作者： Chaoub, Abdelaali Ennaoui, Fatim Zahra Ibn-Elhaj, Elhassane Natl Inst Posts & Telecommun INPT STRS Lab MUSICS Team Rabat Morocco

The promise of high-bandwidth and low-latency wireless applications has placed unprecedented stress on the limited spectrum for future 5G networks. Thus, dynamic spectrum sharing has emerged as a promising solution to increase the capacity and the coverage of future cellular networks. In this paper, we tackle the issue of video delivery over cognitive cellular networks using a combination of the legacy licensed bands as well as the spectrum holes left unused in TV bands. To actively react to fluctuating bandwidth, the original video undergoes a multiple description scalable coding (MDSC), whereby the video sequence is fragmented into odd and even sub-streams, then the decomposed video is hierarchically encoded using H.264/SVC to produce two independent descriptions that refine each other. As long as the available licensed radio resources are not sufficient to deliver all the scalable video layers, the cognitive base station exploits the available portion of TV spectrum using a hybrid interweave and underlay approach to extend the capacity of the legacy infrastructure. Numerical simulations show that the proposed transmission scheme provides enough capacity, up to 1.62 Mbps increase, to handle the rising demands in terms of video quality in a timely manner without disrupting the primary link and without connection release. Moreover, the proposed MDSC framework offers an increment of 20% (24%, respectively) in the PSNR (MS-SSIM, respectively) of the received video.

关键词： Dynamic spectrum sharing Mobile networks TV white space Scalable coding multiple description coding

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Directional lifting-based wavelet transform for multiple description image coding

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2008年第1期23卷 42-57页

作者： Yin, Baocai Li, Xin Shi, Yunhui Zhang, Feizhou Zhang, Nan Beijing Univ Technol Beijing Key Lab Multimedia & Intelligent Software Coll Comp Sci & Technol Beijing 100022 Peoples R China Peking Univ Inst Remote Sensing & Geog Informat Syst Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

In this paper, we address the problem of image transmission over unreliable networks, such as the Internet, where packet losses occur. The most recent literature indicates that multiple description (MD) is a promising coding approach to handle this issue. The traditional spatial domain MD image coding techniques usually result in the very low coding efficiency. This paper proposes a new architecture for MD image coding, which is based oil directional wavelet transform that removes redundancy among spatial and wavelet domain. In addition, a novel interpolation method using reproducing kernel filter (RKF) reconstructs one description with full resolution. The results show that the proposed technique is far better than other existing method. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： multiple description coding directional wavelet transform interpolation

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A sequence-based error-concealment algorithm for an unbalanced multiple description video coding system

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2006年第10期21卷 829-849页

作者： Fumagalli, Marco Lancini, Rosa Tubaro, Stefano Politecn Milan CEFRIEL I-20133 Milan Italy Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz I-20133 Milan Italy

Video transmission over unreliable networks presents new challenges for research in video coding. In fact, in video coders that use predictive coding schemes, even a single packet loss may cause errors during the decoding process propagating in time. A way to increase the robustness of the coded stream and reduce the length of error propagation is the use of a multiple description coding (MDC) technique. The aim of this paper is to apply a novel sequence-based error-concealment (EC) algorithm to an unbalanced MD video coding system that generates both a high-quality (HQ) and a low-quality (LQ) description. In order to recover a loss in the current frames, the EC algorithm takes into account not only the spatial/temporal neighboring of the region the lost data correspond to, but also what is going to happen in a significant number of future frames looking both the HQ and the LQ descriptions. The sequence-based EC algorithm presents good performances when applied to video streams. The comparison with concurrent error-resilience techniques shows interesting results. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： multiple description coding robust video coding error-concealment techniques video streaming

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