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Service availability of a peer with dynamic buffering for multiple description coded videos on multi-source streaming networks

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2016年第2期75卷 1009-1026页

作者： Lin, Chow-Sing Lin, Jhe-Wei Natl Univ Tainan Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn 33Sec 2Su Lin St Tainan 70005 Taiwan

In multi-source streaming systems, such as peer-to-peer (P2P), because the buffer space of each peer is limited, most systems employ the cache-and-relay schemes that require each peer to cache the most recent video blocks it receives. As long as a peer keeps the initial part of the video stream in the buffer, it can relay the cached blocks to new arriving peers in a pipelining fashion and then reduce the loading of a server. In our previous research work, we propose a novel caching scheme for peer-to-peer on-demand video streaming, called Dynamic Buffering, which relies on the feature of multiple description coding to gradually reduce the number of cached descriptions in a peer once the buffer is full in order to prolong the service availability of a peer. In this paper we study the service availability of a peer with dynamic buffering for various numbers of different forwarded descriptions, and provide detailed analysis on how the number of different forwarded descriptions affects the average service availability of a peer. In addition, we derive the mathematical formulas of the reduction of the average service availability of a peer for various numbers of different forwarded descriptions, compared to the best case of the service availability of a peer, and the gain of the average service availability of a peer by releasing the overlapped buffer space with child peers. Our experimental results show that the reduction of the average service availability of a peer is only related to the number of different forwarded descriptions. Besides, regardless of arrival rates, most peers forwarding only one description would possess the highest average service availability for various numbers of different forwarding descriptions, which matches the criteria of the previous work Splitstream.

关键词： Dynamic buffering Service availability multiple description coding Peer-to-peer Streaming

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Evaluation of the MDC and FEC over the quality of service and quality of experience for video distribution in ad hoc networks

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2014年第3期68卷 969-989页

作者： Acelas, P. Arce, P. Guerri, J. C. Castellanos, W. Univ Politecn Valencia ITEAM Inst Multimedia Commun Grp Valencia 46022 Spain

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) offer an excellent scenario for deploying communication applications because of the connectivity and versatility of this kind of networks. In contrast, the topology is usually extremely dynamic causing high rate of packet loss, so that ensuring a specific Quality of Service (QoS) for real-time video services becomes a hard challenge. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of using multiple description coding (MDC) and Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques for improving video quality in a multimedia content distribution system. A hybrid architecture using fixed and wireless ad hoc networks is proposed, which enables the use of multipoint-to-point transmission. MDC and FEC mechanisms can be combined with multipath transmission to increase the network efficiency and recover lost packets, improving the overall Quality of Experience (QoE) of the receiver. Simulations have been analyzed paying attention to objective parameters (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Packet Delivery Ratio, Decodable Frame Rate and interruptions) and subjective parameters. Results show that MDC increases the probability of packet delivery and FEC is able to recover lost frames and reduce video interruptions in moderate mobility scenarios, resulting in the improvement of video quality and the final user experience.

关键词： Ad hoc networks Video streaming multiple description coding Forward error correction Quality of service Quality of experience

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multiple description coded video streaming in peer-to-peer networks

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2012年第5期27卷 412-429页

作者： Xu, Yuanyuan Zhu, Ce Zeng, Wenjun Li, Xue Jun Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Univ Missouri Dept Comp Sci Columbia MO 65211 USA

It is known that in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network a peer node serves as both a receiver and a supplier, which enables uploading bandwidth of peer nodes to be utilized efficiently while relieving burden of the server node. This solves the scalability problem typically encountered in the traditional client-server model. However, frequent peer churn and varying bandwidth of peer nodes in P2P networks pose significant challenges for video streaming. These challenges can be addressed from both the P2P system design and the advanced video coding perspectives. In this paper, we first present a survey on the existing P2P video streaming systems that leverage the multiple description coding (MD coding or MDC) techniques, featured in providing strong error resilience for video delivery and supporting heterogeneity for peer nodes. Compared with layered coded video streaming, MD coded video streaming presents stronger robustness without requiring special provisions in P2P system design at a modest cost of compression efficiency, which is desirable in dynamic and error-prone P2P networks. In the MD coded video streaming, packet scheduling is critical to performance of mesh-based P2P systems. A new packet scheduling framework is formulated for receiver-driven MD coded video streaming, where a receiver collects peer nodes' information and generates a transmission schedule for MDC packets. In the proposed framework, a rate-distortion optimized packet selection scheme is developed to minimize the expected distortion subject to limited downloading bandwidth. Accordingly a rate-distortion based prioritized peer selection scheme is employed to choose an appropriate peer node for each of the selected packets. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling scheme and the advantage of MDC over layered coding in a network with frequent peer churn. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Peer-to-peer networks Video streaming multiple description coding Packet scheduling Knapsack problem Dynamic programming

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Polar Codes for multiple descriptions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2015年第1期61卷 107-119页

作者： Shi, Qi Song, Lin Tian, Chao Chen, Jun Dumitrescu, Sorina McMaster Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada AT&T Labs Res Bedminster NJ 07921 USA

A polar coding scheme is proposed for the multiple description coding (MDC) problem and is shown to be able to achieve a certain rate pair on the dominant line of the achievable rate region determined by El Gamal and Cover. This scheme is an adaptation of the one developed by Sasoglu et al. for the multiple access channel (MAC) to the MDC setting. The analysis of the proposed scheme contains two new ingredients: 1) a certain MDC-MAC duality and 2) an auxiliary random process that involves both the mutual information and the Bhattacharyya parameter. The decorrelation effect of the polar transform is also investigated.

关键词： Duality multiple access channel multiple description coding polar codes rate region

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A cross-layer protocol for cooperative content delivery over mobile ad-hoc networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2011年第1-2期7卷 49-63页

作者： Greco, Claudio Cagnazzo, Marco TELECOM ParisTech Inst TELECOM TSI Dept 46 Rue Barrault F-75634 Paris 13 France

Real-time multimedia streaming over MANETs is an active research field since this technology promises scalable and robust audio/video delivery without infrastructure. Even though this problem has several commune features with peer-to-peer routing, the additional sensible parameters of MANETs make wired solutions unfit to this case;therefore, we propose a content routing/delivery protocol inherently designed for the ad-hoc wireless case, exploiting the intrinsic broadcast property of the medium. We provided an implementation of this protocol and we tested it in several use-cases, observing how it assures availability, robustness and scalability.

关键词： ad-hoc networks mobile ad-hoc network MANETs peer-to-peer P2P cross layer multiple description coding MDC neighbour knowledge cooperative networks content delivery

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Robust and Scalable P2P Live Streaming

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2009年第5期26卷 482-488页

作者：陈锬熊馨 State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment School of Computer Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Computer Sciences Beijing University of Technology College of Computer and Communication Engineering Zhengzhou Institute of Light Industry

Distributing real-time video stream in large scale group communication over Interuet poses several challenging problems due to the complex network dynamics, stringent requirement of delay and loss. This paper proposes a novel peer-to-peer scheme, named TeamCast, to combat with these issues. Constructing multiple diverse application layer multicast （ALM） trees to transmit multiple independent complementary descriptions produced by multiple description coding （MDC） simultaneously, TeamCast improves error resilient ability in the presence of various levels of packet loss caused by unpredictable congestion of Internet and node failure, as well as enlarges system capacity. The results of extensive simulations indicate that TeamCast achieves low latency, scalability, and fault tolerance for the delivery of live media stream.

关键词： path diversity multiple description coding application layer multicast media streaming topologyuware

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Stabilizing Error-Correction Codes for Control Over Erasure Channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL OF NETWORK SYSTEMS 2022年第4期9卷 1828-1839页

作者： Ostergaard, Jan Aalborg Univ Dept Elect Syst Sect Artificial Intelligence & Sound DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

this article, we propose (k, k') stabilizing codes, which are a type of delayless error-correction codes that are useful for control over networks with erasures. For each input symbol, k output symbols are generated by the stabilizing code. Receiving at least k' of these outputs guarantees stability. Thus, both the system to be stabilized and the channel are taken into account in the design of the erasure codes. Receiving more than k' outputs further improves the performance of the system. In the case of i.i.d. erasures, we further demonstrate that the erasure code can be constructed such that stability is achieved if on average at least k' output symbols are received. Our focus is on linear and time-invariant systems, and we construct codes based on independent encodings and multiple descriptions. Stability is assessed via Markov jump linear system theory. The theoretical efficiency and performance of the codes are assessed, and their practical performances are demonstrated in a simulation study. There is a significant gain over other delayless codes such as repetition codes.

关键词： Encoding Linear systems Stability analysis Error correction codes Control systems Entropy Asymptotic stability Error correcting codes multiple description coding network control systems

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multiple description trellis-coded quantization of sinusoidal parameters

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2008年第10期56卷 5287-5291页

作者： Larsen, Morten Holm Christensen, Mads Graesboll Jensen, Soren Holdt Aalborg Univ Dept Elect Syst Aalborg Denmark

A new scheme for sinusoidal audio coding named multiple description spherical trellis-coded quantization is proposed and analytic expressions for the point densities and expected distortion of the quantizers are derived based on a high-resolution assumption. The proposed quantizers are of variable dimensions meaning that any number of sinusoids can be quantized jointly for each audio segment whereby a lower distortion is achieved compared to previously published scalar spherical quantizers. The quantizers;are designed to minimize a perceptual distortion measure subject to an entropy constraint for a given packet-loss probability. In experiments, the performance of the quantizers is assessed and compared to the corresponding single description spherical quantizer and associated bounds under various conditions and is found to increase robustness towards packet-loss.

关键词： audio coding high-rate theory multiple description coding sinusoidal coding vector quantization

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Upper Bound on the Average Distortion of multiple description Coded Delay-Sensitive Sources

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2012年第4期16卷 547-549页

作者： Azimi, Seyyed Mohammadreza Isfahan Univ Technol ECE Dept Esfahan Iran

multiple description coding (MDC) provides a means to combat erasure channels. Both rate and packet delay have significant contributions to end-to-end distortion of delay-sensitive sources. The previous works just considered exponential and fixed packet length distributions to evaluate the packet delay. In this letter, assuming a general (unknown) distribution with known average and variance of packet length, it is showed that average distortions of MDC and Single description coding (SDC) are upper bounded. Derived bounds are determined by encoding rate, packet arrival rate of network, acceptable delay threshold and first and second moments of packet length distribution.

关键词： multiple description coding rate-distortion queuing theory

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Co-SVC-MDC-Based Cooperative Video Streaming Over Vehicular Networks

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COMPUTER JOURNAL 2012年第6期55卷 756-768页

作者： Lee, Chao-Hsien Huang, Chung-Ming Yang, Chia-Ching Wang, Tai-Hsiang Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Tainan 70101 Taiwan Kaohsiung Med Univ Dept Med Informat Management Kaohsiung Taiwan

When a vehicle requests a video streaming service from the Internet, it may not have enough bandwidth to receive good video quality. In order to resolve this problem, the vehicle is proposed to ask neighboring vehicles to help the video download process using a short-range wireless technique, i.e. Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRCs). In this paper, this scenario is called cooperative streaming over vehicular networks. Since the topology of vehicular networks changes over time rapidly, three critical issues in the moving-vehicle-based cooperative streaming are: (i) how to form a cooperative group dynamically, (ii) how to schedule neighboring vehicles to help the video download process and (iii) how to estimate the possible change of network conditions. We propose corresponding control schemes to tackle the aforementioned issues in this paper. From the simulation results, we can find that different scheduling schemes are adaptive to different scenarios, and the proposed dynamic group formation scheme has better performance than that of periodic group formation scheme.

关键词： cooperative streaming vehicular network H 264 Scalable Video coding multiple description coding

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