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18th Annual Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA 2003)

作者： Black, AP Schärli, N Ducasse, S Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ OGI Sch Sci & Engn Portland OR 97201 USA Univ Bern Software Composit Grp CH-3012 Bern Switzerland

Traits are a programming language technology that promote the reuse of methods between unrelated classes. This paper reports on a refactoring of the Smalltalk collections classes using traits. The original collection classes contained much duplication of code;traits let us remove all of it. We also found places where the protocols of the collections lacked uniformity;traits allowed us to correct these non-uniformities without code duplication. Traits also make it possible to reuse fragments of collection code outside of the existing hierarchy;for example, they make it easy to convert other collection-like things into true collections. Our refactoring reduced the number of methods in the collection classes by approximately 10 per cent. More importantly, understandability maintainability and reusability of the code were significantly improved.

关键词： design languages reuse mixins traits Smalltalk collection hierarchy stream classes refactoring inheritance multiple inheritance

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Designing metaschemas for the UMLS enriched semantic network

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS 2003年第6期36卷 433-449页

作者： Zhang, L Perl, Y Halper, M Geller, J New Jersey Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Newark NJ 07102 USA Kean Univ Dept Math & Comp Sci Union NJ 07083 USA

The enriched semantic network (ESN) has previously been presented as an enhancement of the semantic network (SN) of the UMLS. The ESN's hierarchy is a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) structure allowing for multiple parents. The ESN is thus more complex than the SN and can be more difficult to view and comprehend. We have previously introduced the notion of a metaschema for the SN as a compact abstraction to support SN comprehension. We extend the definition of metaschema to make it applicable to a DAG classification hierarchy, such as the one exhibited by the ESN. We specify the requirements for and describe the general process of deriving such a metaschema. We derive two particular metaschemas of the ESN based on a pair of partitions. These two metaschemas and their underlying partitions are compared. Both metaschemas serve as compact representations of the ESN, allowing for convenient viewing of its hierarchy and easier comprehension. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： UMLS enriched semantic network partition metaschema multiple inheritance visualization

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Applying traits to the smalltalk collection classes 03

Applying traits to the smalltalk collection classes

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Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programing, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Andrew P. Black Nathanael Schärli Stéphane Ducasse Oregon Health and Science University University of Bern Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781581137125

Traits are a programming language technology that promote the reuse of methods between unrelated classes. This paper reports on a refactoring of the Smalltalk collections classes using traits. The original collection classes contained much duplication of code; traits let us remove all of it. We also found places where the protocols of the collections lacked uniformity; traits allowed us to correct these non-uniformities without code *** also make it possible to reuse fragments of collection code outside of the existing hierarchy; for example, they make it easy to convert other collection-like things into true collections. Our refactoring reduced the number of methods in the collection classes by approximately 10 per cent. More importantly, understandability maintainability and reusability of the code were significantly improved.

关键词： refactoring smalltalk reuse multiple inheritance traits mixins inheritance collection hierarchy stream classes

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Representation of structures with multiple inheritence in relational databases 03

Representation of structures with multiple inheritence in re...

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Proceedings of the 4th international conference conference on Computer systems and technologies: e-Learning

作者： Ivaylo Atanassov Department of Computer Systems Technical University-Sofia Branch Plovdiv

ISBN: (纸本)9789549641332

In relational databases it is often required to represent hierarchical structures with multiple inheritance. The choice of store method for this kind of structures is very important for fast retrieving of infromation. On the basis of storing information about the structure in the attribute of the relational table, this paper proposes a way to track the inheritance path of every object and to simplify the table structure, Optimization of data retrieval end facilitated dialog with DBMS are also achieved.

关键词： ancestor hierarchy node descendant multiple inheritance relation attribute string database table

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Simulating multiple inheritance and generics in Java

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COMPUTER LANGUAGES 1999年第4期25卷 189-210页

作者： Thirunarayan, K Kniesel, G Hampapuram, H Wright State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Dayton OH 45435 USA Univ Bonn Comp Sci Dept 3 D-53117 Bonn Germany Intrinsa Corp Mountain View CA 94041 USA

This paper presents Java language from an object-oriented software construction perspective. It explains the implications of banning generics and multiple inheritance of classes, and explores the patterns and the idioms used by the Java designers and programmers to redeem their benefits. The paper also discusses an alternative to multiple inheritance, as incorporated in Lava, which extends Java with constructs for type-safe automatic forwarding. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Java language object-oriented programming design patterns multiple inheritance generics delegation

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Transforming relational schemes with foreign keys into object-oriented 00

Transforming relational schemes with foreign keys into objec...

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2000 Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies, CompSysTech 2000

作者： Rozeva, Anna

No abstract available.

ISBN: (纸本)9549641171

No abstract available.

关键词： OO scheme multiple inheritance multivalued attributes scheme transformation

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inheritance hierarchy design in object-oriented databases

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DATA & KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 1999年第3期30卷 191-216页

作者： Beeri, C Formica, A Missikoff, M CNR Ist Anal Sistemi & Informat I-00185 Rome Italy Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel

Object-oriented database schema design is still mostly an art. One of the difficulties encountered during design is typing conflicts induced by multiple inheritance. In this paper, we propose a method for treating such a kind of conflicts. Our approach to inheritance conflict solving consists of several ingredients. First, we rely on branding, to introduce 'type equivalence by name', thus allowing a designer to distinguish between structurally similar but semantically different types. However. we offer a heuristic that does not require a designer to explicitly state branding declarations. Second, we describe various kinds of conflicts, and we offer a set of procedures that analyze a schema to discover such conflicts, classify them, offering potential solutions, if possible. The procedures have been conceived for a design system that allows a designer maximum flexibility, while guiding him/her to a correct design. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： multiple inheritance inheritance conflicts consistency of class hierarchies type specialization substitutability branding

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A logic-based transformation system

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 1998年第1期10卷 91-107页

作者： Tsai, JJP Li, B Weigert, T Univ Illinois Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Chicago IL 60607 USA Utek Inc Naperville IL 60540 USA Motorola Inc Schaumburg IL 60196 USA

In spite of advances in various transformation systems [5], [8], the transformation of a nonmonotonic-logic-based requirements specification into a procedural (imperative) language program has not been investigated. This paper presents a logic-based transformation system that can transform a nonmonotonic-logic-based specification, the Frame-and-Rule Oriented Requirement Specification Language (FRORL) [12], into procedural language programs. We discuss how to handle nonmonotonic inheritance in FRORL and then establish a matrix-based data flow and dependency analysis mechanism to find all the possible data transformation paths in a logic-based specification. Using a newly developed algorithm, we can adjust the execution sequence of a logic-based specification so that the functions included in the logic-based specification can be represented by a sequential procedural language program.

关键词： knowledge representation techniques multiple inheritance nonmonotonic logic requirement specification language transformation system

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Unification of the models for types, classes and state machines

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COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 1998年第7期19卷 347-359页

作者： Daugherty, GW Rockwell Int USA Cedar Rapids IA USA

The static model, specified formally, and the dynamic model, represented by hierarchical state machines, are intimately related. By defining a mapping between the two, we are able to provide a definition of inheritance, multiple inheritance and behavioral subtyping for state machines based on that for formally specified types and classes, and provide a graphical representation for formal specifications in terms of state machines. The state machine notation is based on statecharts. It, however, supports both a declarative style, appropriate for types, and an imperative style, appropriate for classes. State machines may be parameterized and may be viewed from different perspectives, based on an arbitrary choice of state predicates. And states are interpreted not as an expression of concurrency, but result from a choice of independent state predicates. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： models state machines multiple inheritance

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Expressing opposition in the object model, first step towards negation

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 1998年第1期33卷 48-55页

作者： Anquetil, N Vaucher, J Univ Ottawa Dept Comp Sci Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Univ Montreal Montreal PQ H3C 3J7 Canada

Although seemingly simple and intuitive, the object model still contains ambiguous notions. For example, inheritance has been proved to convey two different meanings depending on whether it is behavior or implementation that is inherited. Another conceptually simple notion, multiple inheritance, has not yet been clearly formalized. In this paper, we start by looking at relationships between sibling classes (two immediate subclasses of a common parent). Siblings can be combined through multiple inheritance, or on the contrary, they can be mutually exclusive. We call the relation between incompatible siblings opposition, and show how it could help in formalizing object models. We then consider widening the explicit use of negation in object models. We argue that negative assertions could be used to validate the creation of new classes to ensure they are compatible with the intended uses of existing classes. Negation leads us to consider the implicit assumption behind object models, we propose to shift from the closed world assumption to the open world assumption.

关键词： theoretical foundations object model multiple inheritance negation reflection

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