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A Low-Complexity Digital Predistorter for Large-Scale MIMO Systems With Crosstalk

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2023年第10期72卷 13203-13213页

作者： Zhao, Linshan Qian, Hua Feng, Weifeng Li, Mingqi Kang, Kai Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Adv Res Inst Shanghai 201210 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 101408 Peoples R China Wuxi Grand Microelect Wuxi 214000 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is a key enabler for future wireless communication systems. On the other hand, crosstalk is inevitable in the highly integrated large-scale antenna array. The nonlinearity of power amplifiers (PAs) coupled with crosstalk is much more complicated when the number of antennas is large. Digital predistortion (DPD) can compensate for the PA nonlinearity without sacrificing efficiency and is widely applied in both base stations and mobile devices. Extending existing solutions to the large-scale MIMO system usually suffers from performance degradation or greatly increased complexity. In this paper, we consider the nonlinearity with crosstalk for the large-scale MIMO scenario. A much simplified DPD model is proposed by ignoring the high-order crosstalk terms generated from the complete nonlinear model. Compared to existing solutions, the proposed DPD can compensate for both the nonlinear and linear crosstalk of the system. It achieves satisfactory linearization performance with much reduced computational complexity. The complexity of the proposed DPD is linearly related to the number of transmitter branches. Thus, it is scalable in the large-scale MIMO scenario. Moreover, the proposed DPD can be extended to the partially-connected hybrid beamforming system with crosstalk. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed DPD scheme.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output power amplifier crosstalk digital predistortion nonlinearity

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On successive machine learning process for predicting strength and displacement of rectangular reinforced concrete columns subjected to cyclic loading

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COMPUTERS AND CONCRETE 2023年第5期32卷 513-525页

作者： Ju, Bu-seog Kwag, Shinyoung Lee, Sangwoo Kyung Hee Univ Dept Civil Engn Yongin Gyeonggi Do South Korea Hanbat Natl Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Daejeon South Korea

Recently, research on predicting the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns using machine learning methods has been actively conducted. However, most studies have focused on predicting the ultimate strength of RC columns using a regression algorithm. Therefore, this study develops a successive machine learning process for predicting multiple nonlinear behaviors of rectangular RC columns. This process consists of three stages: single machine learning, bagging ensemble, and stacking ensemble. In the case of strength prediction, sufficient prediction accuracy is confirmed even in the first stage. In the case of displacement, although sufficient accuracy is not achieved in the first and second stages, the stacking ensemble model in the third stage performs better than the machine learning models in the first and second stages. In addition, the performance of the final prediction models is verified by comparing the backbone curves and hysteresis loops obtained from predicted outputs with actual experimental data.

关键词： bagging ensemble machine learning multiple-input multiple-output reinforced concrete column stacking

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Sparse Bayesian Learning Kalman Filter-based Channel Estimation for Hybrid Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems: A Frequency Domain Approach

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IETE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH 2023年第7期69卷 4243-4253页

作者： Ali, K. Shoukath Sampath, P. Bannari Amman Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Erode 638401 Tamil Nadu India

In this paper, channel estimation for Millimeter Wave (mmWave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system is presented. In the frequency domain, the Sparse Bayesian Learning-based Kalman Filter (SBL-KF) scheme is developed to estimate the sparse channel vector of hybrid mmWave MIMO architecture. The mmWave MIMO hybrid architecture provides reduced power loss and achievable data rates at mmWave frequencies. Frequency-selective channels are sparse at mmWave frequencies. The recovery of the sparse channel is estimated using different channel estimation methods. The hybrid precoding technique achieves both multiplexing gain and array gain in mmWave channels. Simulation results of the proposed SBL-KF scheme show low estimation error over the existing Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, Simultaneous Weighted Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm and SBL scheme. The complexity of the online estimation SBL-KF algorithm is low and it is ideally suited for implementation in an efficient mmWave MIMO system.

关键词： Kalman filter Millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output Orthogonal matching pursuit Sparse Bayesian learning

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Deep learning-based channel estimation in MIMO system for pilot decontamination

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AD HOC AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING 2023年第3期44卷 148-166页

作者： Reddy, Gondhi Navabharat Kumar, C. V. Ravi Vellore Inst Technol Sch Elect Engn Embedded Technol SENSE Vellore 632014 India

The next-generation wireless communication system makes use of the upcoming technology known as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). The imprecise channel estimation leads to enormous error in communication, and this cause pilot contamination (PC), which is a major concern in the massive MIMO system. An efficient invasive shuffled shepherd optimisation (ISSO)-deep maxout-based channel estimate approach is proposed, which chooses the optimal channel in the massive MIMO system to avoid interference among nearby cells, reducing contamination of pilot sequences. Shuffled shepherd optimisation (SSO) and improved invasive weed optimisation (IWO) are combined to develop the proposed ISSO method. The deep maxout network is trained using the proposed ISSO technique, and the weight factors are computed using the loss function. The proposed channel estimation methodology produced bit error rate (BER) and mean square error (MSE) results for the Rayleigh channel of 0.0009 and 0.00070 and for the Rician channel of 0.0009 and 0.0007.

关键词： channel estimation pilot contamination PC deep learning massive MIMO multiple-input multiple-output shuffled shepherd optimisation SSO invasive shuffled shepherd optimisation ISSO invasive weed optimisation IWO

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RIS-Aided Spatial Scattering Modulation for mmWave MIMO Transmissions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第12期71卷 7378-7392页

作者： Zhu, Xusheng Chen, Wen Li, Zhendong Wu, Qingqing Zhang, Ziheng Wang, Kunlun Li, Jun Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China East China Normal Univ Sch Commun & Elect Engn Shanghai 200241 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci Technol Sch Elect & Opt Engn Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China

This paper investigates the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted spatial scattering modulation (SSM) scheme for millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, in which line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) paths are respectively considered in the transmitter-RIS and RIS-receiver channels. Based on the maximum likelihood detector, the expression for the conditional pairwise error probability (CPEP) of the RIS-SSM scheme is derived for both cases of correct demodulation of the received beam or not. Furthermore, we derive the closed-form expressions of the unconditional pairwise error probability (UPEP) by employing two different methods: the probability density function and the moment-generating function expressions with a descending order of scatterer gains. To provide more useful insights, we derive the asymptotic UPEP and the diversity gain of the RIS-SSM scheme in the high SNR region. Depending on UPEP and the corresponding Euclidean distance, we further give the union upper bound of the average bit error probability (ABEP). To acquire the effective capacity of the proposed system, a new framework for ergodic capacity analysis is also provided. Finally, all derivation results are validated via extensive Monte Carlo simulations and reveal that the proposed RIS-SSM scheme outperforms the benchmarks in terms of reliability.

关键词： Reconfigurable intelligent surface spatial scattering modulation millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output average bit error probability

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On Offloading Decision for Mobile Edge Computing Systems Considering Access Reservation Protocol

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 40457-40468页

作者： Kim, Taehoon Kim, Yongjae Adu, Emmanuella Bang, Inkyu Hanbat Natl Univ Dept Comp Engn Daejeon 34158 South Korea Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol KIOST Maritime ICT Res & Dev Ctr Pusan 49111 South Korea Hanbat Natl Univ Dept Intelligence Media Engn Daejeon South Korea

For several years, mobile edge computing (MEC) has been highlighted as a promising technique to support emerging computation-intensive applications in cellular networks, e.g., 5G and 6G. Most previous studies have mainly focused on jointly optimizing communication (i.e., radio) and computation resources to improve offloading performance without considering specific communication protocols required for operating the MEC systems in practice. In this article, we newly design a contention-based access reservation protocol (ARP) for efficiently supporting simultaneous task offloading requests from a number of edge devices (EDs), and further define necessary signalings required to determine an optimal offloading factor. Thereafter, we formulate an optimization problem to find the optimal offloading factor that minimizes the task-completion latency. Through simulations, we mainly evaluate the task-completion latency performance of the MEC system incorporated with our proposed access reservation protocol under a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) environment. Particularly, we thoroughly investigate several practical aspects such as the effect of the number of edge devices attempting to join the task offloading, the number of antennas equipped at the edge device, and the amount of reserved radio resources required for configuring access reservation protocol on the optimal offloading decision. From the results, we verify the validity of our approach, and provide meaningful insights regarding how the network should be configured to fruitfully exploit the offloading with the MEC systems.

关键词： Edge computing Servers Protocols Antennas Performance evaluation Computational modeling Signal to noise ratio Mobile communications MIMO communication Mobile edge computing computation offloading offloading decision access reservation protocol multiple-input multiple-output

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Simultaneous Active and Passive Information Transfer for RIS-Aided MIMO Systems: Iterative Decoding and Evolution Analysis

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2023年 71卷 1683-1698页

作者： Jiang, Wenjun Yuan, Xiaojun Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Wireless Commun Chengdu 610056 Peoples R China

This paper investigates the potential of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for passive information transfer in a RIS-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. We propose a novel simultaneous active and passive information transfer (SAPIT) scheme. In SAPIT, the transmitter (Tx) and the RIS deliver information simultaneously, where the RIS information is carried through the RIS phase shifts embedded in reflected signals. We introduce the coded modulation technique at the Tx and the RIS. The main challenge of the SAPIT scheme is to simultaneously detect the Tx signals and the RIS phase coefficients at the receiver. To address this challenge, we introduce appropriate auxiliary variables to convert the original signal model into two linear models with respect to the Tx signals and one entry-by-entry bilinear model with respect to the RIS phase coefficients. With this auxiliary signal model, we develop a message-passing-based receiver algorithm. Furthermore, we analyze the fundamental performance limit of the proposed SAPIT-MIMO transceiver. Notably, we establish the state evolution to predict the receiver performance in a large-size system. We further analyze the achievable rates of the Tx and the RIS, which provides insight into the code design for sum-rate maximization. Numerical results validate our analysis and show that the SAPIT scheme outperforms the passive beamforming counterpart in achievable sum rate of the Tx and the RIS.

关键词： Reconfigurable intelligent surface multiple-input multiple-output active and passive information transfer message passing state evolution

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A D-Band Phased-Array Chain Based on a Tunable Branchline Coupler and a Digitally Controlled Vector Modulator

IEEE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES

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IEEE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES 2024年第1期4卷 101-110页

作者： Bott, Jonathan Vogelsang, Florian Pohl, Nils Ruhr Univ Bochum Inst Integrated Syst D-44801 Bochum Germany Ruhr Univ Bochum Inst Integrated Syst D-53343 Bochum Germany

Wireless communication and sensing applications seek higher frequencies to enable higher data rates or more precise localization using a wider modulation bandwidth. Particularly, 6G and autonomous driving research projects focus on the D-band. With higher frequencies, antennas can be placed closer together, allowing for more antennas in the same area and creating a narrower beam. However, a greater number of channels increases system complexity. Each antenna typically requires one vector modulator in a phased-array system, which entails four analog control voltages and four DACs. Consequently, increasing the frequency and utilizing more channels can result in an enlarged system size due to the complex PCB design. This article presents a phased-array chain consisting of a tunable branchline coupler based on varactor diodes, a digital vector modulator, and a power amplifier. The combination of varactor diodes and the VM enables coarse phase changes through 4-bit digital switching and precise phase adjustment through varactor tuning. This approach demonstrates that a four-element array only requires two DACs instead of 16 to cover the entire angular range. The phased-array chain was designed and manufactured using B11HFC silicon-germanium technology from Infineon Technologies AG.

关键词： 6G automotive B11HFC BiCMOS BPSK branchline coupler CDM code-division D-band MIMO multiple-input multiple-output phase-shifter phased-array power amplifier PA radar radar-communication RadCom SiGe silicon-germanium TDM time-division tunable varactor diode vector modulator VM

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On the Ergodic Mutual Information of Keyhole MIMO Channels With Finite-Alphabet inputs

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2023年第1期27卷 90-94页

作者： Ouyang, Chongjun Bereyhi, Ali Asaad, Saba Mueller, Ralf R. Cheng, Julian Yang, Hongwen Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Informat & Commun Engn Beijing 100876 Peoples R China Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Inst Digital Commun D-91058 Erlangen Germany Univ British Columbia Sch Engn Kelowna BC V1V 1V7 Canada

This letter studies the ergodic mutual information (EMI) of keyhole multiple-input multiple-output channels having finite-alphabet input signals. The EMI is first investigated for single-stream transmission considering both cases with and without the channel state information at the transmitter. Then, the derived results are extended to the scenario of multi-stream transmission. Asymptotic analyses are performed in the regime of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The high-SNR EMI is shown to converge to a constant with its rate of convergence determined by the diversity order. On this basis, the influence of the keyhole effect on the EMI is discussed. The analytical results are validated by numerical simulations.

关键词： Electromagnetic interference MIMO communication Probability density function Signal to noise ratio Transmitters Mutual information Fading channels Ergodic mutual information finite-alphabet inputs keyhole channel multiple-input multiple-output

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Applying Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Channels in MIMO Networks for Communications in 5G-Enabled Sustainable Smart Cities

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MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS 2023年第6期29卷 1-13页

作者： Stalin, Shalini Gupta, Manish Makanyadevi, K. Agrawal, Amit Jain, Anupriya Pandit, Shraddha V. Rizwan, Ali Indian Inst Informat Technol IIIT Bhopal Dept Informat Technol Bhopal 462003 Madhya Pradesh India Moradabad Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Moradabad India Kumarasamy Coll Engn Dept Comp Sci & Engn Karur 639113 Tamil Nadu India Sreedattha Grp Educ Inst Dept Comp Sci & Engn & Director T&P Hyderabad Telangana India Manav Rachna Int Inst Res & Studies Faridabad India PES Modern Coll Engn Dept Artificial Intelligence & Data Sci Shivajinagar Pune Maharashtra India King Abdulaziz Univ Fac Engn Dept Ind Engn Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

During the process of sending a signal across a transmission channel that has a broad bandwidth, the multiple-input multiple-output, or MIMO, system will frequently require a larger quantity of energy and power than it would under normal circumstances. This is because the transmission channel will have a greater capacity to carry more data. When there are so many different sets of signals that have been found, it is necessary to be able to differentiate between them using one of the many different methods that have been developed. One of the methods that is now one of the most extensively employed in the process of discovery is called maximum likelihood detection. This method is also frequently referred to as machine learning (ML) detection. This is as a result of the very high throughput that ML detection has. On the other hand, the exponential growth in ideal throughput is far smaller than the complexity of the framework and the amount of energy that it consumes. In order to better simplify communication between the transmitter and the receiver, the major goal of this endeavor is to locate the shortest viable routing route for the physical data transmission layer and use that information to design the routing path. Because of this, both the quantity of energy that is used and the level of complexity that the system has will both drop. Improved Iterative Based Dijkstra Algorithm (IIBDA) to Gauge the Most Limited Course of the Channel with a Restricted Maximum Likelihood-Detection (RMLD) Design was a method that was presented to solve the problem. This was done in order to address the concerns that had been raised and resolved in the prior discussion. This was done in an effort to discover answers to problems such as these. The Execution Examination illustrates how the Complexity and Control Utilization in the Proposed Strategy may be Decreased by showing how these factors might be Addressed. An FPGA Virtex-6 was used for putting the suggested plan into action in or

关键词： Improved Iterative Based Dijkstra Algorithm (IIBDA) Restricted Maximum Likelihood-Detection (RMLD) Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) multiple-input multiple-output FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)

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