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Optimizing spatial modulation MIMO IoT systems with full-duplex/half-duplex UAVs and enhanced transmit antenna selection

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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 2025年 168卷

作者： Phung, Bao The Nguyen, Ba Cao Vinh, Nguyen Van Minh, Bui Vu Nhan, Nguyen Huu Khanh Ho Chi Minh City Univ Ind & Trade Fac Informat Technol Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Telecommun Univ Khanh Hoa Vietnam FPT Univ Dept Informat Assurance IA Hanoi Vietnam Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ Fac Engn & Technol Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Ton Duc Thang Univ Fac Elect & Elect Engn Commun & Signal Proc Res Grp Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Ton Duc Thang Univ 19 Nguyen Huu Tho StTan Phong WardDist 7 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems play a crucial role in elevating the efficiency and reliability of communication networks, especially within Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This article introduces a novel approach involving full-duplex (FD) and half-duplex (HD) relays mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enhance MIMO systems. Incorporating spatial modulation (SM) and transmit antenna selection (TAS) techniques aims to optimize system performance while reducing computational complexity to meet IoT requirements. The article mathematically formulates outage probabilities (OPs) and system throughputs (STs) for the proposed MIMO-IoT-UAV systems utilizing SM with FD/HD-UAV, both with and without TAS, over practical Nakagami-m channels. Numerical illustrations underscore the advantages of employing FD/HD-UAV and TAS in MIMO-IoT-UAV systems. Specifically, OPs with TAS are significantly lower, while STs with TAS are notably higher than their counterparts without TAS. Additionally, TAS with FD-UAV yields greater benefits than HD-UAV, particularly in preventing the error floor associated with residual self-interference (RSI). To mitigate this error floor in MIMO-IoT-UAV systems using FD-UAV, an effective strategy involves increasing the number of transmit/receive antennas. The choice between FD and HD modes hinges on parameters such as transmit power, data rate, and RSI. Depending on these factors, FD-UAV performance may exhibit lower or higher error rates than HD-UAV. Hence, the optimal selection of FD or HD mode, combined with TAS, is essential for enhancing MIMO-IoT-UAV system performance. This optimization process should consider parameters like RSI level, the number of transmit/receive antennas, data rate requirements, and UAV position to ensure efficient and reliable communication across diverse scenarios.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles multiple-input multiple-output Spatial modulation Full/half-duplex Transmit antenna selection Outage probability System throughput

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STAR-RIS Assisted Secure MIMO Communication Networks: Transmit Power Minimization for Perfect and Imperfect CSI

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第3期73卷 1487-1500页

作者： Shen, Meng Lei, Xianfu Zhou, Xiangyun Karagiannidis, George K. Southwest Jiaotong Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Chengdu 610031 Peoples R China Australian Natl Univ Sch Engn Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Dept Elect & Comp Engn Thessaloniki 54124 Greece Lebanese Amer Univ LAU Cyber Secur Syst & Appl AI Res Ctr Beirut 11022801 Lebanon

In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission design for simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. By considering both perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) scenarios, we jointly optimize the covariance matrix of the transmitter and the transmitting and reflecting coefficients of the STAR-RIS and formulate two transmit power minimization problems. For the optimization problem in the perfect CSI scenario, we develop a penalty-based alternating optimization (AO) algorithm to handle it. For the optimization problem in the imperfect CSI scenario, this paper is the first work to study the robust beamforming design for STAR-RIS-assisted secure MIMO systems. To address this challenging problem, we first use the inequalities of the determinant to transform it into an equivalent form. Then, we use the generalized S-procedure to handle the worst-case constraints. Finally, we develop a penalty-based AO algorithm. Performance evaluation results show that the two proposed optimization algorithms significantly reduce the transmit power compared to other baseline schemes.

关键词： MIMO communication Optimization Minimization MISO communication Communication systems Vectors Covariance matrices Reconfigurable intelligent surface multiple-input multiple-output simultaneously transmitting and reflecting physical layer security robust design

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Novel star fractal MIMO antenna integrated with a unique parasitic decoupler for enhanced 5 G/IoT/UWB communication performance

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PHYSICA SCRIPTA 2025年第3期100卷 035524-035524页

作者： Sohi, Arashpreet K. Thapar Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Patiala Punjab India

This study focuses on the development, simulation, and experimental analysis of a two-port, fractal-inspired UWB antenna array for optimal deployment in 5 G/IoT/UWB systems. The array is structured 1.57 mm thick, dielectric FR4 material, encompassing a 38 x 66 mm2 area. The design includes two offset-fed pentagonal radiating patches defective with a 2nd iterative novel star-fractal pattern on its upper surface, which optimizes the array's radiative properties and triggers a wide operating range of 3-14.6 GHz with an impedance bandwidth ratio of 3.87:1. The application of unique star-fractal design contributes to 54.33% shrinkage of patch area in contrast to the typical pentagonal patch. The rear dielectric layer features a reduced ground plane embedded with novel parasitic and stub-loading decoupling structures (placed centrally) to significantly suppress the cross-coupling between the array units and minimize mismatch losses. multiple diversity parameters are reviewed and are found to comply with their defined thresholds, demonstrating a favorable match between simulation and experimental findings. The array design effectively addresses the rising demand for compact solutions tailored for handheld devices, thus facilitating real-time operations in 5 G/IoT frameworks.

关键词： fractal multiple-input multiple-output parasitic decoupling 5 G ultrawideband (UWB) offset-fed

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Low RCS MIMO antenna with high isolation based on polarisation conversion surface

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS 2025年

作者： Su, Jinrong Zhang, Minchen Chen, Jingli Dou, Haipeng Chen, Xinwei Zhang, Wenmei Shanxi Univ Sch Phys & Elect Engn 92 Wucheng Rd Taiyuan Shanxi Peoples R China Shanxi Vocat Univ Engn Sci & Technol Sch Informat Engn Jinzhong Peoples R China

This paper presents a 4-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna resonating in 4.89-9 GHz range. The overall size of the antenna is 0.65 lambda(0) x 0.65 lambda(0) x 0.02 lambda(0) (lambda(0) represents the free-space wavelength at the lowest resonant frequency). To improve the isolation between radiation elements and reduce radar cross section (RCS) simultaneously, a reflective polarisation conversion metasurface (PCM) is proposed. The PCM and its mirror units are arranged in groups of six in a windmill manner in the centre of the MIMO antenna. Thus, 180 degrees phase difference produces cancellation of far-field scattering, which results in low RCS with maximum value of 11.3 dB in the frequency bands of 9.5-12.5 GHz and 12.9-16.5 GHz. Besides, the coupling path between antenna elements is blocked by the PCM units, thus improving the isolation by a maximum value of 44.37 dB in the band of 4.89-9 GHz. The isolation is higher than 20.4 dB in the entire band. It's worth noting that the PCM units and the radiation elements share the same FR4 substrate, greatly reducing the antenna profile and simplifying processing complexity. Calculated results of the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC, <0.04), the diversity gain (DG, >9.99 dB), the total active reflection coefficient (TARC, <-10 dB) and the channel capacity loss (CCL, <0.5 bits/Hz/sec) demonstrate that the diversity performance and data transmission quality of the antenna are satisfactory. A prototype antenna is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the experimental and simulated results ensures the applicability of this design for MIMO stealth applications.

关键词： Polarization conversion multiple-input multiple-output decoupling RCS reduction

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The exact error prediction method for MIMO controlled tests☆

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MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2025年 223卷

作者： Yousef, Odey Moreu, Fernando Maji, Arup Univ New Mexico Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn Albuquerque NM 87131 USA Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) tests are used to replicate environmental conditions on dynamic systems in a lab setting. MIMO tests allow responses at multiple locations to be replicated far better than possible with normal single input tests. However, achieving a desired response at multiple response locations is affected by various factors. Specifying test tolerances based on multiple responses (vs. on just a single input) is challenging and of great interest. The dynamic relationships between the inputs and the outputs of the system, given by the frequency response functions (FRFs), may not be perfectly characterized. Given a desired output, the FRF matrix must be inverted to obtain an input. This process has inexact solutions because the FRF matrix is usually not square and is ill-conditioned. The realization of time histories from a frequency domain input is not perfect, and the spectral content of the actual input to the system does not match what was initially sought after. Previous work has established a framework for predicting error in MIMO tests, the approximate error prediction method (AEPM), but was limited in the types of error sources that could be accounted for and the tests it could be applied to. This paper improves that method by changing to a matrix-based formulation and accounting for inversion error, called the exact error prediction method (EEPM). The EEPM is applied to similar tests in the previous paper, specifically single-input single-output (SISO) and square MIMO tests, with significant improvements in error prediction over the AEPM. Additionally, a broader set of rectangular MIMO tests, where inversion is a large source of error, are conducted with similarly effective results.

关键词： Vibration Testing multiple-input multiple-output Error Dynamics

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Spatial Distribution-Based Beam Design for Millimeter Wave V2V Communication Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第1期73卷 648-661页

作者： Kim, Keunwoo Song, Jiho Lee, Jong-Ho Hyun, Seong-Hwan Kim, Seong-Cheol Seoul Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Inst New Media & Commun INMC Seoul 08826 South Korea Hanyang Univ ERICA Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ansan 15588 South Korea Soongsil Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 06978 South Korea

For high-level autonomous driving, the development of an effective vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system is an utmost concern. Among several candidates, the millimeter-wave (mmWave) V2V communication system is considered as a promising one, as it is expected to provide high data rate. To overcome the high path loss at mmWave frequencies, the codebook-based beam-alignment approach has been widely studied as a means of generating narrow and strong beams. Despite its potential, many existing codebooks are designed to generate codewords with equal beamwidths, which may not be optimal for V2V communications. Our focus is on designing a beamforming codebook for V2V communications, taking into account the angular distribution characteristics of vehicles on the road. To achieve this, we propose an analytical model to represent the traffic density of vehicles on roads. Based on the proposed traffic density model, we derive the angular distribution of directional communication links between vehicles by considering realistic road structures, including straight roads, intersections, and roundabouts. Utilizing the angular distribution between vehicles, we propose a codebook design framework specifically tailored for V2V communication systems. Simulation results verify that our model fits well for realistic urban grid road environments, and the proposed codebook outperforms codebooks with equal beamwidths.

关键词： Roads Millimeter wave communication Vectors Radio frequency Communication systems Array signal processing Analytical models Codebook design hybrid beamforming millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output vehicle-to-vehicle communications

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An Unambiguous Super-Resolution Algorithm for TDM-MIMO-SAR 3D Imaging Applications on Fast-Moving Platforms

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REMOTE SENSING 2025年第4期17卷 639-639页

作者： Guan, Sheng Wang, Mingming Liang, Xingdong Liu, Yunlong Li, Yanlei Chinese Acad Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Natl Key Lab Microwave Imaging Technol Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Elect Elect & Commun Engn Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar enjoys the advantages of a high degree of freedom and relatively large virtual aperture, so it has various forms of applications in several aspects such as remote sensing, autonomous driving and radar imaging. Among all multiplexing schemes, Time-Division multiplexing (TDM)-MIMO radar gains a wide range of interests, as it has a simple and low-cost hardware system which is easy to implement. However, the time-division nature of TDM-MIMO leads to the dilemma between the lower Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) and more transmitters, as the PRI of a TDM-MIMO system is proportional to the number of transmitters while the number of transmitters significantly affects the resolution of MIMO radar. Moreover, a high PRI is often needed to obtain unambiguous imaging results for MIMO-SAR 3D imaging applications on a fast-moving platform such as a car or an aircraft. Therefore, it is of vital importance to develop an algorithm which can achieve unambiguous TDM-MIMO-SAR 3D imaging even when the PRI is low. Inspired by the motion compensation problem associated with TDM-MIMO radar imaging, this paper proposes a novel imaging algorithm which can utilize the phase shift induced by the time-division nature of TDM-MIMO radar to achieve unambiguous MIMO-SAR 3D imaging. A 2D-Compressed Sensing (CS)-based method is employed and the proposed method, which is called HPC-2D-FISTA, is verified by simulation data. Finally, a real-world experiment is conducted to show the unambiguous imaging ability of the proposed method compared with the ordinary matched-filter-based method. The effect of velocity error is also analyzed with simulation results.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output MIMO-SAR imaging compressed sensing super-resolution imaging unambiguous direction of arrival estimation

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Deep learning based channel equalization method for wireless UV MIMO scattering turbulence channel

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年 583卷

作者： Zhao, Taifei Chen, Yuqi Sun, Yuxin Pan, Feixiang Xian Univ Technol Dept Automat & Informat Engn Xian 710048 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xian Key Lab Wireless Opt Commun & Network Res Xian 710000 Shaanxi Peoples R China Shaanxi Univ Key Lab Photon Power Devices & Discharge Regulat Taiyuan Peoples R China

Aiming at the problems of traditional equalization methods for ultraviolet (UV) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels in turbulent environments, such as their strong dependence on a priori knowledge of the channel and the low accuracy in coping with the modeling of complex nonlinear channels, this paper proposes a deep-learning-based equalization method for wireless UV-scattering MIMO channels. The method transforms the MIMO signal into a two-dimensional time series, takes the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) with bidirectional sequence feature extraction capability as the core, and supplements it with deep neural network for nonlinear modeling to construct a deep learning network model suitable for UV MIMO channel equalization, so as to realize the accurate recovery of the original MIMO signal. Simulation results show that the scheme exhibits stronger BER and MSE performance compared with the least mean square(LMS) algorithm, recursive least squares(LMS) algorithm, and the equalization scheme based on multilayer long and short-term memory(multiLSTM). At SNR of 9 dB, the scheme reduces the BER by about 67.9%, compared with the equalization scheme based on multi-LSTM, and has stable equalization effects in turbulence environments with different intensities.

关键词： Wireless ultraviolet communication Scattering channel multiple-input multiple-output Deep learning Channel equalization Non-line-of-sight

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Enhanced transmitter designs for indoor MIMO-VLC systems

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年 575卷

作者： Zhao, Yinan Zeng, Zhihong Cao, Hailin Chen, Chen Chongqing Univ Sch Microelect & Commun Engn Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn Singapore 117576 Singapore

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, a fundamental element of 6G, has been widely implemented invisible light communication (VLC) systems. However, actual MIMO-VLC systems face significant challenges due to severe channel correlation. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we propose two enhanced transmitter designs for performance improvement of indoor MIMO-VLC systems, including single transmitter partial coverage (STPC) and enhanced STPC. For the STPC scheme, a single LED transmitter only needs to cover part of the receiving plane, instead of covering the whole receiving plane as in the conventional single transmitter full coverage (STFC) scheme. For the enhanced STPC scheme, each light-emitting diode (LED) is replaced with an LED subarray so as to further improve the system performance. Our simulation results reveal that the system performance is influenced by the LED array spacing, LED subarray spacing, and the LED semi-angle at half power. We identify the optimal combinations of these parameters to maximize the average achievable spectrum efficiency of the system. Notably, the STPC and Enhanced STPC schemes demonstrate increases in average achievable spectrum efficiency of 478.14% and 589.49%, respectively, compared to the benchmark STFC scheme.

关键词： Visible light communication multiple-input multiple-output Single transmitter partial coverage Distributed LED array

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Block Iterative Support Detection for Uplink Grant-Free MIMO-NOMA

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2025年第4期14卷 1264-1268页

作者： Lei, Ruibin Zhang, Xiaoxu Shi, Fengwen Zhou, Xiangwei Zhou, Zhengchun Liu, Jiaqi Southwest Jiaotong Univ Prov Key Lab Informat Coding & Transmiss Chengdu 611756 Peoples R China Louisiana State Univ Div Elect & Comp Engn Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Avionics Co Ltd China Elect Technol Grp Corp Commun Nav & Surveillance Dept Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China

Grant-Free-Non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) is a powerful means to reduce signaling overhead, provide a large number of connections, and support low latency requirements in 6G Internet of Things applications. However, the accuracy of multi-user detection (MUD) remains a challenge. In this letter, we propose a Block Iterative Support Detection (BISD) MUD algorithm for GF-NOMA, which exploits the spatial diversity gain and block sparsity provided by multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to improve the MUD accuracy of the traditional Iterative Support Detection (ISD) algorithm. The proposed BISD algorithm efficiently updates the active support set by block-wise non-zero judgment in each iteration to improve detection accuracy. Simulation results show that BISD improves the detection performance with faster convergence speed, compared with ISD and other traditional MUD algorithms for GF-NOMA.

关键词： Multiuser detection Vectors Accuracy MIMO Indexes Transmitting antennas Simulation Receiving antennas NOMA Internet of Things multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access multi-user detection compressive sensing

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