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Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation with labelling diversity

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Sibanda, Nathael Xu, Hongjun Pillay, Narushan Univ KwaZulu Natal Sch Engn ZA-4001 Durban South Africa

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) generalised spatial modulation (GSM) systems represent a pivotal advancement in wireless communication technology. These systems have unlocked the potential for enhanced data rates and enhanced error performance (EP). Therefore, this research delves into a strategy aimed at elevating the EP within MIMO-GSM systems. This strategy involves the integration of MIMO-GSM systems with both generalised quadrature spatial modulation (GQSM) and the concept of labelling diversity (LD). Two schemes namely multiple active antenna generalised spatial modulation with labelling diversity (MAA-GSM-LD) and generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation with labelling diversity (GCQSM-LD) are proposed. The first scheme is MAA-GSM-LD, which builds on conventional generalised spatial modulation (C-GSM) by incorporating it with multiple active antennas and optimised labelling maps that have a maximised minimum product distance (M-MPD) between constellations. This M-MPD helps improve detection, thereby improving the EP of MIMO-GSM schemes. Four symbols are sent simultaneously per time slot in MAA-GSM-LD. The second scheme (GCQSM-LD), builds on MAA-GSM-LD by splitting the four symbols created in MAA-GSM-LD into the quadrature and in-phase dimensions, thereby avoiding inter-antenna synchronisation and improving the EP of MIMO-SM systems. In this study, analytical mathematical expressions were developed to determine both the union-bound and upper-bound average bit error rate (ABER) for the MAA-GSM-LD and GCQSM-LD schemes. These evaluations were conducted over independent and identically distributed Rayleigh frequency-flat fading channels. Monte Carlo simulations were utilised to validate the accuracy of these expressions. The findings suggest that as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases, the average bit error probability (ABEP) closely approximates the outcomes of the simulations. Moreover, the simulation results indicate enhancements in the EP o

关键词： Error performance Generalised quadrature spatial modulation Labelling-diversity multiple-input multiple-output

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Adaptive MIMO-FSO space diversity MRC reception characteristics over Malaga turbulence channel with pointing errors

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TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2024年第1期86卷 117-126页

作者： Chen, Dan Ai, Feier Wang, Chenhao Zhao, Peiyan Lu, Mengmeng Xian Univ Technol Sch Automat & Informat Engn Xian 710048 Shaanxi Peoples R China Shaanxi Vocat & Tech Coll Xian 710018 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Atmospheric turbulence channels experience quasi-static fading, which makes it relatively straightforward to utilize feedback information for link adaptive transmission. Applying adaptive modulation to MIMO systems can effectively mitigate the degradation of Free-Space Optical (FSO) signals under adverse turbulence conditions. In this paper, the joint influence of pointing error and Malaga distribution turbulence fading on the probability density function (PDF) of the received light intensity of a MIMO channel employing maximal ratio combining (MRC) is considered. The PDF of MRC combined channel is derived based on the moment generation function. Then, using the cumulative density function (CDF)-based method, we analyze the asymptotic spectral efficiency (SE) and average bit error rate (BER) performance of the adaptive MPSK-MIMO system under different turbulence intensities, beam waist radius, jitter standard deviation, and the number of transmit/receive apertures. In addition, we also compare the average BER performance of adaptive and non-adaptive MIMO systems with MRC receivers. Monte Carlo simulation further verifies our analysis. The derived results help quantify the diversity order of the systems we are considering.

关键词： Adaptive modulation multiple-input multiple-output Malaga turbulence model Pointing error Maximal ratio combining (MRC)

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Generalized Spatial Modulation With Phase Offset: Efficient Designs for Single-RF MIMO Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2024年第10期73卷 15239-15254页

作者： Zhang, Lechen Xiao, Yue Lei, Xia Ma, Teng Xiang, Wei Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Wireless Commun Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Sci & Technol Commun Networks Lab Shijiazhuang 050021 Peoples R China La Trobe Univ Sch Comp Engn & Math Melbourne Vic 3086 Australia

In this contribution, a practical reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is presented to improve the performance and spectral efficiency (SE) of state-of-the-art RIS-assisted spatial modulation systems by introducing phase offsets on the RIS and transmitter. As opposed to conventional RIS-assisted spatial modulation schemes, the proposed RIS-assisted generalized spatial modulation with phase offset (RIS-GSM-P) scheme activates an arbitrary number of transmit antennas to form a wider variety of transmit antenna combinations (TAC) for improving SE. Depending on whether the direct path is available or not, two phase offset schemes are conceived to enhance the beamforming of the RIS and to widen the channel difference between TACs. Finally, a unified framework for the theoretical bit error rate upper bound of the proposed RIS-GSM-P scheme is presented, which is also compatible with several conventional RIS-assisted transmission schemes. Furthermore, a low-complexity detector is provided to reduce the detection complexity. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes and to validate our theoretical analysis.

关键词： Phase modulation MIMO communication Transmitters Vectors Bit error rate Array signal processing Complexity theory Reconfigurable intelligent surface multiple-input multiple-output spatial modulation (SM) phase offset maximum likelihood detection low-complexity detector

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Low-Complexity MIMO Detection Based on DRSD With ISMMSE-PIC

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 70235-70244页

作者： Shin, Sang-Sik Jae Kim, Ho Kim, Hyoung-Nam Pusan Natl Univ Dept Elect Engn Busan 46241 South Korea

This paper introduces a low-complexity multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection method based on dimension-reduction-soft-demodulation (DRSD) with iterative soft minimum-mean-squared-error parallel interference cancellation (ISMMSE-PIC). The conventional ISMMSE-PIC detection method exhibits several drawbacks, such as inordinate dependence on decoder performance and modulation-order sensitivity. Therefore, a DRSD-based strategy is presented to search over a part of the set of transmitted symbols for calculating log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values, such as maximum likelihood detection, to improve detection performance. The scheme for the rest of the symbols directly utilizes ISMMSE-PIC detection for computing the corresponding LLR values. The computational complexity of the proposed scheme is similar to that of ISMMSE-PIC, whereas its bit error rate performance is comparatively higher. The complexity analysis and simulation results validate the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Symbols MIMO communication Vectors Detectors Transmitting antennas Receiving antennas Computational complexity Detection algorithms multiple-input multiple-output iterative soft minimum-mean-squared-error parallel interference cancellation dimension reduction soft demodulation geometric symmetry

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multiple-input multiple-output Radar Waveform Design Methodologies

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DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL 2013年第4期63卷 393-401页

作者： Merline, A. Thiruvengadam, S. J. Sethu Inst Technol Kariapatti 626115 India Thiagarajar Coll Engn Madurai 625015 Tamil Nadu India

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is currently an active area of research. The MIMO techniques have been well studied for communications applications where they offer benefits in multipath fading environments. Partly inspired by these benefits, MIMO techniques are applied to radar and they offer a number of advantages such as improved resolution and sensitivity. It allows the use of transmitting multiple simultaneous waveforms from different phase centers. The employed radar waveform plays a key role in determining the accuracy, resolution, and ambiguity in performing tasks such as determining the target range, velocity, shape, and so on. The excellent performance promised by MEMO radar can be unleashed only by proper waveform design. In this article, a survey on MIMO radar waveform design is presented. The goal of this paper is to elucidate the key concepts of waveform design to encourage further research on this emerging technology.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output MIMO systems radars

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Channel Estimation for RIS-Aided MIMO Systems: A Partially Decoupled Atomic Norm Minimization Approach

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第11期23卷 16048-16061页

作者： Chu, Yonghui Wei, Zhiqiang Yang, Zai Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Math & Stat Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong Peoples R China Pazhou Lab Huangpu Guangzhou 510555 Guangdong Peoples R China Univ New South Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

Channel estimation (CE) plays a key role in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, while it poses a challenging task due to the passive nature of RIS and the cascaded channel structures. In this paper, a partially decoupled atomic norm minimization (PDANM) framework is proposed for CE of RIS-aided MIMO systems, which exploits the three-dimensional angular sparsity of the channel. In particular, PDANM partially decouples the differential angles at the RIS from other angles at the base station and user equipment, reducing the computational complexity compared with existing methods. A reweighted PDANM (RPDANM) algorithm is proposed to further improve CE accuracy, which iteratively refines CE through a specifically designed reweighting strategy. Building upon RPDANM, we propose an iterative approach named RPDANM with adaptive phase control (RPDANM-APC), which adaptively adjusts the RIS phases based on previously estimated channel parameters to facilitate CE, achieving superior CE accuracy while reducing training overhead. Numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of our proposed approaches in terms of running time, CE accuracy, and training overhead. In particular, the RPDANM-APC approach can achieve higher CE accuracy than existing methods within less than 30 percent training overhead while reducing the running time by tens of times.

关键词： Training Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces MIMO communication Accuracy Channel estimation Phase control Minimization Atomic norm minimization adaptive phase control channel estimation multiple-input multiple-output reconfigurable intelligent surface

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Hybrid Vector Message Passing for Cascaded Channel Estimation in RIS-Aided Multi-User MIMO-OFDM Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第5期24卷 4174-4189页

作者： Jiang, Wenjun Yuan, Xiaojun Di Renzo, Marco Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Wireless Commun Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Univ Paris Saclay CNRS Cent Supelec Lab Signaux & Syst F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette France Kings Coll London Ctr Telecommun Res Dept Engn London WC2R 2LS England

This paper investigates the fundamental problem of cascaded channel estimation in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To address the high pilot overhead required by existing methods, we introduce appropriate auxiliary variables to decompose the received signal model into a subcarrier-wise bilinear sub-model and two linear sub-models with respect to the MU-to-RIS and RIS-to-base-station (BS) cascaded channels. The proposed model decomposition maintains the matrix factorization structure of the two cascaded channels and avoids the problem of parameter expansion in exiting methods. In the two linear sub-models, in addition, the cascaded channels are transformed into the delay-angle domain to leverage the joint sparsity. Based on the established models, we consider the problem of simultaneously estimating the MU-to-RIS and RIS-to-BS channel matrices as a bilinear estimation problem. To tackle this problem, we formulate a Bayesian inference framework and develop a hybrid message-passing (HVMP) algorithm to achieve approximate Bayesian inference by leveraging the Bethe method. Notably, the HVMP algorithm infers the two cascaded channels iteratively, where the covariance of each cascaded channel matrix is estimated to characterize the correlation of the matrix elements. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves accurate channel estimation with low pilot overhead while state-of-the-art baseline schemes exhibit poor performance. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can approach the estimation oracle bound of the MU-to-RIS (or RIS-to-BS) channel which assumes perfect knowledge of the RIS-to-BS (or MU-to-RIS) channel.

关键词： Channel estimation Estimation MIMO Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces OFDM Probability density function Covariance matrices Bayes methods Europe Vectors Reconfigurable intelligent surface multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing cascaded channel estimation message passing

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Integrating Sensing, Communication, and Power Transfer: Multiuser Beamforming Design

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第9期42卷 2228-2242页

作者： Zhou, Ziqin Li, Xiaoyang Zhu, Guangxu Xu, Jie Huang, Kaibin Cui, Shuguang Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen Res Inst Big Data Shenzhen 518172 Guangdong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shenzhen Sch Sci & Engn Shenzhen 518172 Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

In the sixth-generation (6G) networks, massive low-power devices are expected to sense environment and deliver tremendous data. To enhance the radio resource efficiency, the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technique exploits the sensing and communication functionalities of signals, while the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) techniques utilizes the same signals as the carriers for both information and power delivery. The further combination of ISAC and SWIPT leads to the advanced technology namely integrated sensing, communication, and power transfer (ISCPT). In this paper, a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ISCPT system is considered, where a base station equipped with multiple antennas transmits messages to multiple information receivers (IRs), transfers power to multiple energy receivers (ERs), and senses a target simultaneously. The sensing target can be regarded as a point or an extended surface. When the locations of IRs and ERs are separated, the MIMO beamforming designs are optimized to improve the sensing performance while meeting the communication and power transfer requirements. The resultant non-convex optimization problems are solved based on a series of techniques including Schur complement transformation and rank reduction. Moreover, when the IRs and ERs are co-located, the power splitting factors are jointly optimized together with the beamformers to balance the performance of communication and power transfer. To better understand the performance of ISCPT, the target positioning problem is further investigated. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our proposed designs, which also reveal a performance tradeoff among sensing, communication, and power transfer.

关键词： Sensors MIMO communication Array signal processing Wireless sensor networks Wireless communication Receivers Interference Integrated sensing and communication simultaneous wireless information and power transfer multiple-input multiple-output beamforming multi-user

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Near-Field Beamforming and Doppler Compensation for mmWave Internet of Vehicles

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第3期28卷 702-706页

作者： Tong, Huawei Cheng, Tianshun Wang, Xiaoming Li, Tianyou Su, Xinzhong Xu, Youyun Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Telecommun & Informat Engn Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Natl Engn Res Ctr Commun & Networking Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China

This letter considers the near-field beamforming in millimeter wave Internet-of-vehicle, where phased arrays have been widely used for mitigating misfocus effect. In near-field regime, the angle and distance need to be considered simultaneously due to the fact that the wave propagation is spherical. We design the phase profile of the antenna arrays by using the angle and distance information to meet characteristic of near-field spherical wavefront. Then, we construct the chirp signal based on the hybrid frequency modulation technique to improve Doppler sensitivity to compensate the effect caused by the movement of the vehicles. Our results reveal that the proposed method can achieve high data rates by reducing the beam misfocus and Doppler effect in millimeter wave Internet-of-vehicle.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output beamforming near-field communication mmWave Doppler effect

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Nonbinary ldpc-coded probabilistic shaping scheme for MIMO systems based on signal space diversity

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第3期9卷 779-787页

作者： Weimin Kang School of Information and Communication Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China

This paper first describes a binary Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)-coded Probabilistic Shaping(PS)scheme for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems based on Signal Space Diversity(SSD).Second,a Nonbinary(NB)LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is *** first scheme can be used to obtain a shaping gain,whereas the second can also realize a coding *** theoretical average mutual information of the optimized rotated quadrature amplitude modulation constellations is analyzed and the simulated error per-formance with 22 and 44 MIMO schemes is *** theoretical average mutual information analysis and simulation results show that the proposed NB LDPC-coded PS scheme for MIMO systems based on SSD is reliable and robust,and is therefore suitable for future wireless communication systems.

关键词： Probabilistic shaping multiple-input multiple-output Signal space diversity Average mutual information

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