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Passive MIMO radar detection in the presence of clutter or multi-path without reference channel

IET radar SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2021年第2期15卷 154-166页

作者： Fazlollahpoor, Mohammad Derakhtian, Mostafa Khorshidi, Shapour Malek Ashtar Univ Technol Fac Marine & Aerial Sci Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Shiraz Iran

Target detection problem in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar which includes non-cooperative illuminators of opportunity (IOs) and spatially distributed receivers is discussed. The receivers utilize only one processing channel and discard the difficulties in providing an ideal version of the transmitted waveforms. The signal model, in addition to the receiver noise and the possible echo from the target of interest, considers the direct-path and clutter/multi-path interferences (DPI and MPI). A Rao test and an approximated GLR test detectors are proposed to solve the problem and an innovative recursive algorithm is proposed to simultaneously estimate the nuisance parameters in the test. Then, by regarding some matrix properties in the proposed Rao detector expression, a low complexity version of the Rao detector is proposed. Besides, two detectors based on Rao and GLR principles in the case of active MIMO radar are introduced as the performance upper-bounds for the proposed detectors. The convergence and suitable performance of the proposed detectors are verified by numerical simulations.

关键词： clutter MIMO communication transmitted waveforms spatially distributed receivers receiver noise Rao detector expression possible echo approximated GLR test detectors passive MIMO radar detection MIMO radar ideal version antenna arrays processing channel reference channel multiple-input multiple-output radar radar signal processing target detection problem radar receivers low complexity version object detection innovative recursive algorithm Rao test direct-path passive radar active MIMO radar noncooperative illuminators signal model radar detection

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Target Localization and Clock Refinement in Distributed MIMO radar Systems With Time Synchronization Errors

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2021年 69卷 3088-3103页

作者： Song, Haibo Wen, Gongjian Liang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Lingxiao Luo, Dengsanlang Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Elect Sci Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol ATR Changsha 410073 Peoples R China

Achieving accurate clock synchronization may not be feasible for distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems with non-ideal clocks of the sensors. In this paper, the problem of target localization and clock synchronization in distributed MIMO radar systems in presence of time synchronization errors is addressed by utilizing time delay measurements. Firstly, the necessity to consider time synchronization errors when locating a target is illustrated by analyzing the increase in Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the target position due to the time synchronization error. Then, a self-synchronized localization framework based on the hybrid maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori estimator is proposed to estimate the target position and time synchronization error sequentially. Specifically, a method based on the levenberg marquardt algorithm and an analytical solution are developed respectively to estimate the target position, and a combination strategy is recommended further based on the two methods to achieve a more accurate target position estimate. The time synchronization error is figured out then by utilizing the target position estimate. Meanwhile, the closed-form solution of estimating the target position and time synchronization error is analytically proved to be approximately unbiased and can attain the CRLB under weak noise conditions. It is demonstrated through numerical simulations that the combination strategy has better estimation performance than the two methods. Simultaneously, simulation results show that the proposed self-synchronized localization method outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms in the target position and time synchronization error estimation accuracy.

关键词： Target localization clock synchronization time delay multiple-input multiple-output radar

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Research on main-lobe deceptive jamming against FDA-MIMO radar

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IET radar SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2021年第6期15卷 641-654页

作者： Zhao, Yingjian Tian, Bo Wang, Chunyang Gong, Jian Tan, Ming Zhou, Changlin Air Force Engn Univ Air & Missile Def Coll Xian Peoples R China Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Informat & Commun Wuhan Peoples R China

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with frequency diverse array (FDA) produces a range-angle-dependent steering vector, which can suppress the deceptive jamming in joint range-angle domain. This in turn complicates the task of radar jamming. With the emergence and development of digital radio frequency memory (DRFM), radar electronic jamming technique has entered the age of coherent jamming. Based on the analysis of the superiority of the FDA-MIMO radar in cancelling the deceptive jammers, a novel range gate pull-off method via DRFM against FDA-MIMO radar is proposed. Compared with the traditional deceptive jamming methods, the proposed method cannot be suppressed due to the mismatch in range. In particular, even the anti-jamming methods based on power domain cease to be effective. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme in jamming the tracking performance of the FDA-MIMO radar is demonstrated via computer simulations.

关键词： jamming radar signal processing Electromagnetic compatibility and interference coherent jamming range-angle-dependent steering vector digital radio FDA-MIMO radar anti-jamming methods joint range-angle domain radar jamming multiple-input multiple-output radar radar equipment, systems and applications traditional deceptive jamming methods Signal processing and detection main-lobe deceptive jamming MIMO radar radar electronic jamming technique

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Direction Finding in Bistatic MIMO radar With Direction-Dependent Mutual Coupling

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2021年第7期25卷 2231-2234页

作者： Wu, Jinlong Wen, Fangqing Shi, Junpeng Yangtze Univ Sch Elect & Informat Jingzhou 434023 Peoples R China China Three Gorges Univ Coll Comp & Informat Technol Yichang 443002 Peoples R China Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Elect Countermeasure Hefei 230037 Peoples R China

Mutual coupling (MC) effect exists extensively in sensor array, and it will adversely affect the direction finding in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. In the previous works, the MC effects in MIMO radar are always modeled with direction-independent MC matrices, which may not be guaranteed in practice. In this letter, we investigate into the issue of target localization and sensor calibration in bistatic MIMO radar in the presence of direction-dependent MC. A multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-like methodology is proposed. It links angle estimation to a quadratic optimization problem, which is solved via Lagrange multiplier method. The proposed method is suitable for arbitrary sensor geometry. Numerical simulations are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Direction finding multiple-input multiple-output radar mutual coupling Lagrange multiplier

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A Bistatic MIMO radar Angle Estimation Method for Coherent Sources in Impulse Noise Background

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第4期116卷 3567-3576页

作者： Gong, Jian Guo, Yiduo Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Peoples R China Air Force Engn Univ Xian 710051 Shaanxi Peoples R China Tong Fang Elect Sci & Technol Co Ltd Jiujiang 332007 Jiangxi Peoples R China

In order to solve the angle estimation problem of coherent sources in the impulse noise background, an algorithm based on infinite norm normalization preprocessing and sparse representation (INN-SR) is proposed. First, an infinite norm normalization preprocessing method is used to reduce the impact of the impact noise. Then the sparse decomposition method is used to construct the restoration dictionary to estimate the DOA and DOD. Finally, accurate matching of target DOA and DOD is achieved based on maximum likelihood method. The algorithm does not need to know the number of sources and can also work well for coherent sources.

关键词： Direction of arrival multiple-input multiple-output radar Sparse representation Impulse noise

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FDA-MIMO radar With Long-Baseline Transmit Array Using ESPRIT

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2021年 28卷 1530-1534页

作者： Hu, Yanmo Deng, Weibo Zhang, Xin Wu, Xiaochuan Harbin Inst Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

The frequency diverse array (FDA) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar combined with long-baseline transmit array (LBTA-FDA-MIMO) is presented for high accuracy direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, and the transmit array is designed in the form of a four-antenna interferometer in this letter. However, the ambiguities of both angle and range exist at the same time. To deal with this problem, a joint-disambiguation method based on ESPRIT is proposed and the uniqueness theorem is proved. The main idea of this method is that the unambiguous-rough-estimation for angle is used to solve the ambiguities of fine-estimation expressions coupled with angle and range. Compared with FDA-MIMO radar, the LBTA-FDA-MIMO radar significantly improves the angle estimation accuracy, and interestingly, it also improves the ranging accuracy via simulations.

关键词： radar Estimation Transmitting antennas Receiving antennas radar detection radar antennas MIMO radar multiple-input multiple-output radar frequency diverse array ESPRIT angle and range ambiguity

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CAPON-LIKE METHOD FOR DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL ESTIMATION USING TDM MIMO radar

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METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS 2023年第3期30卷 481-497页

作者： Slesicka, Anna Kawalec, Adam Slesicki, Blazej Mil Univ Aviat Inst Nav Dywizjonu 303 35 PL-08521 Deblin Poland Mil Univ Technol Fac Mechatron Armament & Aerosp Dept Antiaircraft Missile Sets Gen S Kaliskiego 2 PL-00908 Warsaw Poland Mil Univ Aviat Fac Aviat Dept Av & Control Syst Dywizjonu 303 35 PL-08521 Deblin Poland

This paper presents a novel measurement method and briefly discusses the basic properties of direction of arrival (DoA) measurement in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system by using orthogonality with time-division multiplexing (TDM), where only one transmitting antenna element is active in each time slot. This paper presents the mathematical model of the TDM-MIMO radar operating at 10 GHz, transmitting a string of pulses, the method of transmitting and receiving the signal, and the method of measuring the angle of arrival of the signal based on the use of the Capon algorithm and its modifications. Finally, the correctness of the theory, algorithm and method of measuring the direction of arrival of the signal is verified by experimental simulation. The work discussed in this paper is of great significance to practically demonstrate the capabilities of the TDM MIMO radar sensor in practical implementations like reconnaissance and electronic warfare systems. Keywords: direction of arrival measurement, Capon algorithm, multiple-input multiple-output radar, time division multiplexing, signal processing.(c) 2023 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

关键词： Capon algorithm direction of arrival measurement multiple-input multiple-output radar signal processing time-division multiplexing

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Frequency Increment Design Method of MR-FDA-MIMO radar for Interference Suppression

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REMOTE SENSING 2023年第16期15卷 4070-4070页

作者： Wu, Zhixia Zhu, Shengqi Xu, Jingwei Lan, Lan Li, Ximin Zhang, Yiqun Xidian Univ Natl Key Lab Radar Signal Proc Xian 710071 Peoples R China

In the present complex electromagnetic environment, radar target detection is threatened by different kinds of interferences, especially mainlobe deceptive interference, which occupies the same energy distributions of targets spatially, meaning that targets and interferences cannot be discriminated. To make matters worse, the number of suppressible interferences is limited by the number of physical array elements, leading to the degradation of the suppression performance of traditional radar. In this work, we propose a frequency-increment-based interference suppression method for minimum redundancy frequency diverse array multiple-input multiple-output (MR-FDA-MIMO) radar, which effectively solves the aforementioned two problems. The interference suppression method consists of two steps: (i) in the sidelobe barrage interference suppression stage, the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix is reconstructed to overcome the influence of the true targets and mainlobe deceptive interference on the performance of the beamformer;(ii) in the mainlobe deceptive interference suppression stage, a nonadaptive beamforming method is employed to suppress mainlobe deceptive interference and overcome the impact of insufficient virtual samples on interference suppression performance. Additionally, we design a frequency-increment-based MR-FDA-MIMO radar, fully utilizing the advantages of the virtual array to enhance interference suppression performance and increase the number of interferences. Numerical experiments undertaken demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm under different scenarios.

关键词： frequency diverse array multiple-input multiple-output radar minimum redundancy array nonadaptive beamforming frequency increment

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Joint Estimation of Target's Range and Angle Based on Time-Invariant Spot Beam Optimization

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ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022年第3期47卷 3023-3035页

作者： Chu, Wei Liu, Yunqing Li, Xiaolong Wang, Yingzhi Zhang, Qiong Yan, Fei Changchun Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

The application of frequency diverse array and multiple-input multiple-output (FDA-MIMO) radar to achieve the joint estimation of target's range and angle is receiving more and more attention. However, its performance is generally affected by the periodicity and time-varying of its beam pattern. Therefore, this paper implements a joint estimation algorithm of target's range and angle based on a new waveform synthesis model of time modulation and range compensation FDA-MIMO (TMRC-FDA-MIMO) radar. At the same time, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is mainly used in FDA-MIMO radar. The huge amount of calculation also brings difficulties to the implementation of the system. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved estimating signal parameters via rotation invariance technique algorithm to solve the problem of large amount of calculation on the basis of ensuring system performance. In addition, the closed form expressions of the Cramer-Rao lower bound and root-mean-squared error of range and angle estimation are derived. Theoretical analysis and simulation verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed radar system and algorithm.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output radar Frequency diverse array Time-invariant Spatial focusing Joint range and angle estimation Cramer-Rao lower bound

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An ADMM-qSPICE-Based Sparse DOA Estimation Method for MIMO radar

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REMOTE SENSING 2023年第2期15卷 446-446页

作者： Zhang, Yongwei Zhang, Yongchao Luo, Jiawei Huang, Yulin Yan, Jianan Zhang, Yin Yang, Jianyu Univ Elect Sci & Technol China UESTC Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China UESTC Yangtze Delta Reg Inst Quzhou 324003 Peoples R China

In recent years, sparse direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has attracted extensive attention and been extensively studied, especially the method based on the classic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) estimator. The alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is an effective method for solving this problem at the cost of introducing an additional user parameter. To avoid introducing an additional user parameter, this paper adopts an equivalent transformation in the form of the generalized SParse Iterative Covariance-based Estimation (qSPICE) cost function to obtain a mean squared minimized form of the cost function. Then, the problem is transformed into a sparse optimization problem in the form of a weighted LASSO. Next, this unconstrained optimization problem is decomposed into three subproblems, which are solved separately to reduce the dimension of each problem and thus reduce the overall computational complexity based on ADMM. Simulation results and measured data indicate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the traditional super-resolution DOA estimation method and ADMM-LASSO method and slightly outperforms qSPICE in terms of resolution and sidelobe suppression capability. In addition, the proposed method has a much lower computational complexity and substantially fewer iterations than qSPICE.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output radar direction-of-arrival estimation sparse signal processing

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