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Machine Intelligence at the Edge With Learning Centric Power Allocation

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第11期19卷 7293-7308页

作者： Wang, Shuai Wu, Yik-Chung Xia, Minghua Wang, Rui Poor, H. Vincent Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Elect & Informat Technol Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai 519082 Peoples R China Princeton Univ Dept Elect Engn Princeton NJ 08544 USA

While machine-type communication (MTC) devices generate considerable amounts of data, they often cannot process the data due to limited energy and computational power. To empower MTC with intelligence, edge machine learning has been proposed. However, power allocation in this paradigm requires maximizing the learning performance instead of the communication throughput, for which the celebrated water-filling and max-min fairness algorithms become inefficient. To this end, this paper proposes learning centric power allocation (LCPA), which provides a new perspective on radio resource allocation in learning driven scenarios. By employing 1) an empirical classification error model that is supported by learning theory and 2) an uncertainty sampling method that accounts for different distributions at users, LCPA is formulated as a nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problem, and is solved using a majorization minimization (MM) framework. To get deeper insights into LCPA, asymptotic analysis shows that the transmit powers are inversely proportional to the channel gains, and scale exponentially with the learning parameters. This is in contrast to traditional power allocations where quality of wireless channels is the only consideration. Last but not least, a large-scale optimization algorithm termed mirror-prox LCPA is further proposed to enable LCPA in large-scale settings. Extensive numerical results demonstrate that the proposed LCPA algorithms outperform traditional power allocation algorithms, and the large-scale optimization algorithm reduces the computation time by orders of magnitude compared with MM-based LCPA but still achieves competing learning performance.

关键词： Machine learning Resource management Data models Wireless communication Computational modeling Image edge detection Training Empirical classification error model edge machine learning learning centric communication multiple-input multiple-output resource allocation

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Power Allocation Based on Reinforcement Learning for MIMO System With Energy Harvesting

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2020年第7期69卷 7622-7633页

作者： Mu, Xingchi Zhao, Xiaohui Liang, Hui Jilin Univ Coll Commun Engn Changchun 130012 Peoples R China

This paper focuses on the use of a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to find two online power allocation policies in a point to point EH-MIMO wireless communication system. In our study, we train the power allocation policies in order to learn the map between the environment and the agent. Particularly, in order to avoid "dimension disaster" problem which may happen in our proposed SARSA power allocation policy, we introduce a linear approximation method to get an approximate SARSA power allocation policy. The linear approximation can handle infinite number of states and trade-off between complexity and performance of power allocation is significantly improved. The simulation results show that the proposed SARSA and approximate SARSA power allocation policies have a considerable throughput increase compared with the benchmark policies, such as greedy, random and conservative policies.

关键词： Resource management MIMO communication Wireless communication Approximation algorithms Energy harvesting Transmitters Batteries Power allocation throughout maximization reinforcement learning energy harvesting multiple-input multiple-output

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A user matching and power allocation scheme for downlink MIMO-NOMA communication system

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PHYSICAL COMMUNICATION 2020年 42卷

作者： Lu, Yin Qu, Yihuang Yang, Chuying Li, Taosen Wang, Xiumei Bian, Haowei Zhu, Hongbo Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Jiangsu Key Lab Wireless Commun Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Engn Res Ctr Hlth Serv Syst Based Ubiquitous Wire Minist Educ Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Internet Things Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) combined with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can greatly increase the system throughput, but it will cause additional interference. Generally, the interference can be eliminated by utilizing the precoding technology. The previous studies preferentially focused on the channel difference between users, and neglected the lowly correlated scenarios, leading to the decline of users' throughput. A low-complexity user matching and power allocation scheme is proposed for such scenarios. Firstly, users with higher channel correlations are matched, and the remaining users are matched in terms of channel difference. Furthermore, the objective function is established to maximize the system throughput while assuring users' quality of service (QoS). Eventually, with the objective function in the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions being solved, the power allocation factors are achieved. The simulation results quantify that the proposed scheme has an advantage over the conventional MIMO-NOMA scheme. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Non-orthogonal multiple access multiple-input multiple-output User matching Power allocation

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A Low-Profile Pattern Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 34500-34506页

作者： Han, Liping Ping, Yiwei Liu, Yufeng Han, Guorui Zhang, Wenmei Shanxi Univ Coll Phys & Elect Engn Taiyuan 030006 Peoples R China

A low-profile pattern reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is demonstrated in this paper. The antenna element is composed of a rectangular monopole and two sets of parasitic strips loaded with PIN diodes. The parasitic strips can operate as a reflector or a director by switching the PIN diodes on or off. As a result, the element provides a bidirectional mode and two directional modes. The MIMO antenna consists of two elements, which are arranged opposite to each other. Two decoupling strips are introduced to improve the isolation between the elements. The simulation and measurement results illustrate that the proposed antenna has nine pattern configurations. The overlapped bandwidth of the nine modes is 10.6%, and the isolation is greater than 16.5 dB. Also, a good diversity performance is obtained.

关键词： MIMO communication Antenna radiation patterns Strips Bandwidth PIN photodiodes Reflection coefficient Low-profile pattern reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output PIN diode

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A novel range ambiguity resolving approach for high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging utilizing space-pulse phase coding

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2020年 168卷

作者： Wang, Hanbing Zhang, Yuhong Xu, Jingwei Liao, Guisheng Zeng, Cao Xidian Univ Natl Lab Radar Signal Proc Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Elect Engn Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China

High-resolution and wide-swath (HRWS) imaging is highly desired in future synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. However, it is a contradictory requirement between high azimuth resolution and wide unambiguous swath coverage in a traditional SAR system. This paper proposes a novel solution to realize HRWS imaging by resolving the range ambiguity through a phase coding technique. The phase coding is employed in both spatial channels and slow time pulses. By properly designing the coding scheme, it is possible to separate the echoes from multiple ambiguous range regions from each other in the spatial domain. For each particular range region, the corresponding optimized receive beampattern can be used to extract the desired echoes from the presumed range region and suppress the undesired echoes from other range-ambiguous regions. The residual range-ambiguous echoes are also addressed. Specifically, it is capable of further mitigating the residual range-ambiguous echoes by optimally designing the coding scheme and the transmit beampattern. In the final, a bank of imaging processors can be implemented to obtain the high-resolution images of these range regions, which can be synthesized into a whole HRWS SAR image of the scene of interest. Simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar High-resolution and wide-swath Space-pulse phase coding Range ambiguity multiple-input multiple-output

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Energy harvesting relay-antenna selection in cooperative MIMO/NOMA network over Rayleigh fading

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WIRELESS NETWORKS 2020年第3期26卷 2075-2087页

作者： Thi Anh Le Hyung Yun Kong Univ Ulsan Dept Elect Engn Ulsan South Korea

In this paper, a combination system of multi-antenna multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technologies is investigated, in which the source communicates with users using a multiple amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network. These relay nodes are equipped with a single antenna and employ a power-splitting protocol to harvest energy from received signals, whereas the source and users are multiple-antenna nodes. In addition, two antenna-relay selection methods are considered to enhance the harvested energy at the relay including the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and transmit antenna selection (TAS) at the source, with maximal-ratio combining at the users, these methods are compared to the performance of the random selection (RS) scheme. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we derive analytical expressions of the outage probability and throughput for the MRT and TAS schemes over Rayleigh fading channels, and use a Monte Carlo simulation to verify the accuracy of the analytical results. The results demonstrate the benefit of using MRT and TAS schemes, which provide a better performance than RS schemes, in a MIMO/NOMA system. Moreover, these results characterize the effects of various system parameters, such as power allocation factors, the numbers of antenna and relay nodes, power-splitting ratio, successive interference cancellation and energy-harvesting efficiency, on the system performance of two users of MIMO/NOMA. This is further compared with multiple-antenna conventional orthogonal multiple access (MIMO/OMA) schemes.

关键词： Non-orthogonal multiple access multiple-input multiple-output Energy harvesting Amplify-and-forward Maximum ratio transmission Transmit antenna selection

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Rate Splitting for Multi-Group Multicasting With a Common Message

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2020年第10期69卷 12281-12285页

作者： Yalcin, Ahmet Zahid Yuksel, Melda Clerckx, Bruno TOBB Univ Econ & Technol TR-06560 Ankara Turkey Imperial Coll London London SW7 2AZ England

In this letter, precoding for max-min fairness (MMF) for multi-group multicasting with a common message is studied. The MMF problem is converted into a weighted mean square error minimization problem. A rate-splitting solution is proposed. In rate-splitting, multicast messages for each group are divided into private and common parts, and these common parts, together with the original common message are combined as a super common message. This super common message is superposed on or concatenated to the private multicast data vector, or it is transmitted via a mixed scheme. Simulations show that RS demonstrates significant gains especially in overloaded systems.

关键词： Common message max-min fairness multi-group multicasting multiple-input multiple-output precoding design rate-splitting

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Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS 2020年第3期22卷 1887-1908页

作者： Arfaoui, Mohamed Amine Soltani, Mohammad Dehghani Tavakkolnia, Iman Ghrayeb, Ali Safari, Majid Assi, Chadi M. Haas, Harald Concordia Univ Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada Univ Edinburgh Sch Engn Inst Digital Commun LiFi Res & Dev Ctr Edinburgh EH9 3FD Midlothian Scotland Texas A&M Univ Qatar Dept ECE Doha Qatar

Due to the dramatic increase in high data rate services and in order to meet the demands of the fifth-generation (5G) networks, researchers from both academia and industry are exploring advanced transmission techniques, new network architectures and new frequency spectrum such as the visible light and the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectra. Visible light communication (VLC) particularly is an emerging technology that has been introduced as a promising solution for 5G and beyond, owing to the large unexploited spectrum, which translates to significantly high data rates. Although VLC systems are more immune against interference and less susceptible to security vulnerabilities since light does not penetrate through walls, security issues arise naturally in VLC channels due to their open and broadcasting nature, compared to fiber-optic systems. In addition, since VLC is considered to be an enabling technology for 5G, and security is one of the 5G fundamental requirements, security issues should be carefully addressed and resolved in the VLC context. On the other hand, due to the success of physical layer security (PLS) in improving the security of radio-frequency (RF) wireless networks, extending such PLS techniques to VLC systems has been of great interest. Only two survey papers on security in VLC have been published in the literature. However, a comparative and unified survey on PLS for VLC from information theoretic and signal processing point of views is still missing. This paper covers almost all aspects of PLS for VLC, including different channel models, input distributions, network configurations, precoding/signaling strategies, and secrecy capacity and information rates. Furthermore, we propose a number of timely and open research directions for PLS-VLC systems, including the application of measurement-based indoor and outdoor channel models, incorporating user mobility and device orientation into the channel model, and combining VLC and RF systems to realize the

关键词： Security Radio frequency 5G mobile communication Channel models Physical layer Light emitting diodes Modulation 5G and beyond Internet-of-Things visible light communication light-fidelity physical layer security multiple-input multiple-output eavesdropping secrecy rates

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User Grouping and Power Allocation for Downlink NOMA-Based Quadrature Spatial Modulation

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 38136-38145页

作者： Hong, Zijie Li, Guoquan Xu, Yongjun Zhou, Xiangyun Chongqing Inst Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Photoelect Informat Sensing & T Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Shandong Prov Key Lab Wireless Commun Technol Jinan 250100 Peoples R China

Conventional non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based spatial modulation (SM) systems utilize only the real part of amplitude-phase modulation (APM) symbols for transmission, but quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) can extend this to two orthogonal components to improve the spectral efficiency. In this way, we propose a NOMA-based QSM system in multiple-input multiple-output scenarios, where APM symbols are divided into real and imaginary components for transmission and then these two components are sent by real and imaginary transmit antennas, respectively. To further improve the performance of our proposed system, we also propose a user grouping and a power allocation with relatively low complexity. Different from previous schemes, the user grouping scheme is designed for considering channel conditions, user locations, and channel correlations jointly. Moreover, the power allocation scheme is performed in each group to meet users& x2019;quality-of-service requirements, i.e., target-rate requirements. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed schemes by comparing with existing ones.

关键词： Resource management NOMA Downlink Modulation Transmitting antennas Complexity theory Interference Quadrature spatial modulation non-orthogonal multiple access multiple-input multiple-output user grouping power allocation

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Low Complexity Signal Detection for Massive-MIMO Systems

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2020年第9期9卷 1467-1470页

作者： Shafivulla, Sayyed Patel, Aaqib Khan, Mohammed Zafar Ali Indian Inst Technol Hyderabad Dept Elect Engn Hyderabad 502285 India

Maximum likelihood detection is infeasible in uplink multiuser massive multiple-input and multiple-output (m-MIMO) systems due to the large dimension of the MIMO systems. Accordingly, suboptimal or near-optimal alternatives like linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) detector and Zero Forcing (ZF) are used. However, the LMMSE and the ZF detectors need matrix inversion, which is computationally costly. We propose two detection schemes for massive MIMO, which compute an approximate inverse based on the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, and have quadratic complexity in the number of users. Simulation results exhibit the similarity of the BER performance of the proposed schemes to that of the ideal ZF or LMMSE.

关键词： Complexity theory Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Approximation algorithms Signal to noise ratio Detectors Convergence MIMO communication multiple-input multiple-output zero-forcing minimum mean square error complexity

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