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Spatial-Frequency Block Coding Automatic Recognition With Non-Gaussian Interference for Cognitive MIMO-OFDM Systems

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COGNITIVE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2025年第1期11卷 156-167页

作者： Zhang, Junlin Liu, Mingqian Chen, Yunfei Zhao, Nan Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian 710071 Peoples R China Univ Durham Dept Engn Durham DH1 3LE England Dalian Univ Technol Sch Informat & Commun Engn Dalian 116024 Peoples R China

Space-time/frequency block coding (STBCs/SFBCs) scheme is a crucial technique for enhancing the effectiveness and reliability of multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems with cognitive radio (CR) capability. Automatic recognition of STBCs/SFBCs is a prerequisite for achieving dynamic spectrum sharing in cognitive MIMO-OFDM systems. In contrast to existing works, this paper proposes a weighted cross-correlation function-based algorithm to recognize SFBCs for cognitive MIMO-OFDM systems with Gaussian noise and non-Gaussian impulsive interference. The proposed algorithm extracts the space-frequency redundancy information of different OFDM subcarriers on different receiver antenna pairs by using weighted cross-correlation functions. Then, the weighted cross-correlation feature vectors are constructed by exploiting the multi-antenna system so as to design the detection statistics and thresholds based on the central limit theorem. Finally, a decision tree method is adopted to discriminate between several SFBCs. The proposed algorithm does not require prior information such as channel coefficients, modulation schemes, noise power, or interference power. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is robust against non-Gaussian impulsive interference and achieves high recognition performance in the case of a small number of samples and a low signal-to-noise ratio.

关键词： OFDM Interference Vectors Receiving antennas Symbols Noise MIMO communication Cognitive radio multiple-input multiple-output non-Gaussian impulsive interference orthogonal frequency division multiplexing parameter recognition space-frequency block coding

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Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation with labelling diversity

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Sibanda, Nathael Xu, Hongjun Pillay, Narushan Univ KwaZulu Natal Sch Engn ZA-4001 Durban South Africa

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) generalised spatial modulation (GSM) systems represent a pivotal advancement in wireless communication technology. These systems have unlocked the potential for enhanced data rates and enhanced error performance (EP). Therefore, this research delves into a strategy aimed at elevating the EP within MIMO-GSM systems. This strategy involves the integration of MIMO-GSM systems with both generalised quadrature spatial modulation (GQSM) and the concept of labelling diversity (LD). Two schemes namely multiple active antenna generalised spatial modulation with labelling diversity (MAA-GSM-LD) and generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation with labelling diversity (GCQSM-LD) are proposed. The first scheme is MAA-GSM-LD, which builds on conventional generalised spatial modulation (C-GSM) by incorporating it with multiple active antennas and optimised labelling maps that have a maximised minimum product distance (M-MPD) between constellations. This M-MPD helps improve detection, thereby improving the EP of MIMO-GSM schemes. Four symbols are sent simultaneously per time slot in MAA-GSM-LD. The second scheme (GCQSM-LD), builds on MAA-GSM-LD by splitting the four symbols created in MAA-GSM-LD into the quadrature and in-phase dimensions, thereby avoiding inter-antenna synchronisation and improving the EP of MIMO-SM systems. In this study, analytical mathematical expressions were developed to determine both the union-bound and upper-bound average bit error rate (ABER) for the MAA-GSM-LD and GCQSM-LD schemes. These evaluations were conducted over independent and identically distributed Rayleigh frequency-flat fading channels. Monte Carlo simulations were utilised to validate the accuracy of these expressions. The findings suggest that as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases, the average bit error probability (ABEP) closely approximates the outcomes of the simulations. Moreover, the simulation results indicate enhancements in the EP o

关键词： Error performance Generalised quadrature spatial modulation Labelling-diversity multiple-input multiple-output

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Empowering MIMO-FSO Systems: RIS Technology for Enhanced Performance in Challenging Conditions

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY 2025年 6卷 2616-2641页

作者： Shakir, Wafaa M. R. Charafeddine, Jinan Al Furat Al Awsat Tech Univ Tech Inst Babylon Dept Comp Networks & Software Babil Iraq De Vinci Res Ctr De Vinci Higher Educ F-92400 Paris France

This paper presents a novel analytical framework to enhance the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-integrated multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. The study addresses critical challenges such as atmospheric turbulence, misalignment, and signal attenuation. It introduces a series-based approach to model the combined effects of Gamma-Gamma turbulence, generalized Rician pointing errors, and RIS size-related constraints. In contrast to previous studies, which often rely on oversimplified or idealized channel models, this framework provides closed-form expressions for the first time for the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the end-to-end channel specifically designed for RIS-empowered (RIS-E) MIMO-FSO systems. These expressions capture the complex interactions between channel impairments and system parameters, enabling accurate performance evaluation in real-world deployments. The derived formulations provide key performance metrics, including outage probability, average bit error rate, ergodic capacity, data rate, and energy efficiency, for a variety of system configurations. Practical diversity combining techniques such as equal gain combining, maximal ratio combining, and selection combining are rigorously analyzed. In addition, asymptotic analyses at high signal-to-noise ratios offer simplified expressions that provide valuable insights into coding gain, diversity order, and system behavior under extreme conditions. A key contribution of this work is the investigation of the optimization of RIS placement, which improves signal alignment and reduces the outage probability, even under challenging atmospheric conditions. In addition, the study highlights the computational efficiency of the proposed framework through a detailed complexity analysis that confirms its feasibility for practical, large-scale applications. Monte Carlo simulations validate the theoretical

关键词： Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces MIMO Adaptive optics Diversity reception Atmospheric modeling Optical transmitters Wireless communication Optical variables control Optical receivers Energy efficiency multiple-input multiple-output free-space optical reconfigurable intelligent surface Gamma-Gamma turbulence non-zero boresight pointing errors atmospheric attenuation

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A Simplified Realization for Data-Driven MIMO Detector With Product Quantization

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2025年第5期14卷 1436-1440页

作者： Qian, Shuangyi Jiang, Ming Zhao, Chunming Ye, Hao Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Purple Mt Labs Pervas Commun Res Ctr Nanjing 211111 Peoples R China Univ Calif Santa Cruz Dept Elect & Comp Engn Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

As research progresses, an increasing number of deep neural networks (DNNs) are applied to the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors. This letter presents a simplified realization of the multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in data-driven MIMO detectors, which are implemented in the ChannelNet detector. ChannelNet is a data-driven MIMO detector exclusively crafted from readily available DNN components, such as MLPs and CNNs. The implementation of the MLP and CNN can be converted to matrix multiplication and replaced by a series of simple operations involving comparisons, querying the lookup tables, and integer additions. By setting a target loss in advance, a sequentially iterative simplification of ChannelNet is achieved. Numerical results demonstrate that ChannelNet has superior performance, and the simplified ChannelNet reduces at least half of the computational complexity with less than 0.2 dB performance loss at the expense of acceptable storage space.

关键词： Detectors Quantization (signal) Iterative methods Convolution Vectors Training Table lookup Prototypes Program processors Computational complexity multiple-input multiple-output deep neural network data-driven detector product quantization

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SINR Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems Assisted by Intelligent Reflecting Surface 5th

SINR Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems Assisted by ...

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5th China Intelligent Robotics Academic Conference

作者： Jin, Si-Nian Zhao, Shihang Song, Yu Ma, Jitong Ju, Moran Dalian Maritime Univ Dalian 116026 Peoples R China China Southern Power Grid Co Ltd Guangzhou Bur Extra High Voltage Transmiss Co Guangzhou 510663 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819616138;9789819616145

In 6th generation (6G) mobile networks, cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) play a crucial role. Integrating these technologies can significantly enhance communication network performance. This paper explores cell-free massive MIMO systems augmented by IRS, where M multi-antenna base stations (BSs) communicate with K single-antenna users, aided by N IRSs with many passive reflecting elements located within the BSs' line of sight. Using the maximum ratio combined under perfect channel state information, we begin by examining the probability density function (PDF) of both the desired signal and the interference generated by other users. From these analyses, we then derive the PDF of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for each individual user. Numerical results confirm the accuracy of the SINR PDF.

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surface cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output SINR

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A Review of Codebooks for CSI Feedback in 5G New Radio and Beyond

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China Communications 2025年第2期22卷 112-127页

作者： Qin Ziao Yin Haifan Air Defense Early Warning Equipment Department of Air Force Early Warning Academy Wuhan 430019China School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Codebooks have been indispensable for wireless communication standard since the first release of the Long-Term Evolution in *** offer an efficient way to acquire the channel state information(CSI)for multiple antenna ***,a codebook is not limited to a set of pre-defined precoders,it refers to a CSI feedback framework,which is more and more *** this paper,we review the codebooks in 5G New Radio(NR)*** codebook timeline and the evolution trend are *** codebook is elaborated with its motivation,the corresponding feedback mechanism,and the format of the precoding matrix *** insights are given to help grasp the underlying reasons and intuitions of these ***,we point out some unresolved challenges of the codebooks for future evolution of the *** general,this paper provides a comprehensive review of the codebooks in 5G NR and aims to help researchers understand the CSI feedback schemes from a standard and industrial perspective.

关键词： codebook CSI 5G NR frequency division duplex multiple-input multiple-output

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Secure and fast mobility handover scheme for IoMT in 5 G and future 6 G networks

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Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 128卷 127-143页

作者： Shayla Islam S.M. Topazal Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Raenu AL Kolandaisamy Huda Saleh Abbas Nguyen Vo Rahul Thakkar Muhammad Attique Khan Deepak Gupta Dina Abdulaziz AlHammadi Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation UCSI University Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and Technology the National University of Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia Department of computer science College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Madina Saudi Arabia Victorian Institute of Technology Melbourne Australia Center of AI College of Computer Engineering and Science Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al-Khobar Saudi Arabia Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology Delhi India Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O.Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia

The emergence of 5 G and 6 G networks promises significant advancements in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) by enabling real-time medical data transmission and continuous connectivity for mobile healthcare devices. However, traditional Handover (HO) mechanisms face latency, security, energy consumption, and scalability challenges when supporting fast-moving and dense IoMT environments. This paper presents a secure and fast mobility handover scheme for IoMT in 5 G and future 6 G networks, incorporating a predictive algorithm, Blockchain-Based (BC-B) decentralized authentication mechanism, and AI-driven anomaly detection. The predictive algorithm anticipates device movement and pre-allocates resources at the target Base Station (BS), reducing HO latency by 20–30 % in 5 G and up to 40 % in 6 G. Meanwhile, blockchain-based authentication ensures tamper-proof and decentralized security, reducing vulnerability to cyberattacks by 90 % compared to traditional methods. Additionally, the energy consumption during HO events is reduced by 20–35 %, dropping from 15 mJ in traditional schemes to 12 mJ in 5 G and further to 10 mJ in 6 G. The scheme also incorporates AI-driven anomaly detection, achieving an accuracy of 96.7 %, ensuring proactive identification and mitigation of potential security threats. The analyzed scheme maintains consistent throughput with less than 5 % reduction and scales effectively for up to 300 devices per cell. The simulation results demonstrate significant improvements across key performance metrics, including latency, security, energy efficiency, and scalability, making this approach highly suitable for critical IoMT applications such as telesurgery, remote patient monitoring, and innovative healthcare environments. These advancements position the analyzed framework as a cornerstone for next-generation (NG) healthcare networks.

关键词： 4G Fourth-Generation 5G Fifth-Generation 6G Sixth-Generation AR Augmented Reality NG Next-Generation IoT Internet of Things IoMT Internet of Medical Things TPBs Terabit Per Second BC-B Blockchain-Based URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications EMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband MMTC Massive Machine-Type Communications AI Artificial Intelligence MIoT Massive Internet of Things DoS Denial-of-Service MIMO multiple-input multiple-output HOBP Handover Blocking Probability HOSR Handover Success Rate ADA Anomaly Detection Accuracy SLA Service Level Agreement VR Virtual Reality HO Handover BC Blockchain Ms millisecond KM kilometer THz Terahertz B5G Beyond-5G ML Machine Learning DL Deep Learning EC Energy Consumption BS Base Station ECC Elliptic Curve Cryptography QS Quality of Server E2E End-to-End MJ megaJoule XR Extended Reality D2D Device to Device PLR Packet Loss Ratio Handover Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) 5G networks 6G technology Security concerns Blockchain Digital healthcare Internet of Things Cybersecurity

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Dual-Polarized IRS-Enhanced Generalized Multiuser Multi-Stream MIMO

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Munawar, Muteen Guenach, Mamoun Moerman, Ingrid Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC) Leuven Belgium Ghent University Internet Technology and Data Science Lab (IDLab) research group Ghent 9050 Belgium

This paper investigates a dual-polarized intelligent reflecting surface (DP-IRS)-assisted multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless network with the possibility of multi-stream transmission per user. We aim to determine the number of data streams per user while simultaneously ensuring that each user achieves its specified target spectral efficiency performance with the minimum transmit power. To achieve this, we optimize the number of data streams, power allocations, transmit/receive digital filters, DP-IRS operations, and transmit/receive DP antennas phase shifters. Based on this generalized network setup, we formulate an optimization framework involving multiple coupled optimization variables. To tackle this complex optimization problem, we first derive low-complexity convex formulations for each variable. Subsequently, we propose a novel multi-step alternating optimization algorithm that effectively solves multiple subproblems sequentially and converges to a feasible solution. Motivated by further complexity reduction, we present a low-complexity suboptimal version of the main algorithm. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that, compared to a simple IRS, the DP-IRS achieves a 42.4% reduction in transmit power for a configuration with 50 reflecting elements and eight users. Additionally, the proposed low-complexity Algorithm 2 incurs a 62% decrease in computational complexity compared to Algorithm 1 while maintaining satisfactory performance. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： alternating optimization dual polarization Intelligent reflecting surface multi-stream transmission multi-user multiple-input multiple-output

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Automatic Identification of Space-Time Block Coding for MIMO-OFDM Systems in the Presence of Impulsive Interference

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第8期72卷 4816-4828页

作者： Zhang, Junlin Liu, Mingqian Chen, Yunfei Zhao, Nan Nallanathan, Arumugam Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xidian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xidian Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Informat Sensing & Understa Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Durham Dept Engn Durham England Dalian Univ Technol Sch Informat & Commun Engn Dalian 116024 Peoples R China Queen Mary Univ London Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci London E1 4NS England

Signal identification, a vital task of intelligent communication radios, finds its applications in various military and civil communication systems. Previous works on identification for space-time block codes (STBC) of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are limited to additive white Gaussian noise. In this paper, we develop a novel automatic identification algorithm to exploit the generalized cross-correntropy function of the received signals to classify STBC-OFDM signals in the presence of Gaussian noise and impulsive interference. This algorithm first introduces the generalized cross-correntropy function to fully utilize the space-time redundancy of STBC-OFDM signals. The strongly-distinguishable discriminating matrix is then constructed by using the generalized cross-correntropy for multiple receive antennas. Finally, a decision tree identification algorithm is employed to identify the STBC-OFDM signals which is extended by the binary hypothesis test. The proposed algorithm avoids the traditionally required pre-processing tasks, such as channel coefficient estimation, noise and interference statistics prediction and modulation type recognition. Numerical results are presented to show that the proposed scheme provides good identification performance by exploiting the generalized cross-correntropy function of STBC-OFDM signals under impulsive interference circumstances.

关键词： Interference OFDM Gaussian noise Classification algorithms Modulation Block codes Symbols Impulsive interference multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal identification space-time block code

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Jointly optimized transmitter and receiver FIR MIMO filters in the presence of near-end crosstalk

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2005年第1期53卷 346-359页

作者： Hjorungnes, A de Campos, MLR Diniz, PSR Univ Oslo Grad Ctr N-2027 Kjeller Norway Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro COPPE Signal Proc Lab BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro Brazil

A theory for jointly optimizing transmitter and receiver finite impulse response (FIR) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) filters is developed in the presence of near-end crosstalk and additive channel noise independent of the original signal. The transfer function of the channel is a known MIMO transfer function with finite memory. Near-end crosstalk is included through another MIMO transfer function. The channel input signal is assumed to be power constrained. For a given channel with a maximum allowable average input power, the transmitter and receiver FIR MIMO filters are jointly optimized such that the mean square error (MSE) between the desired and reconstructed signal is minimized. An iterative numerical optimization algorithm is proposed. When compared to the methods available in the literature, the proposed method yields better results due to the joint optimization of the transmitter-receiver pair and is applicable to a more general scenario that may include correlated sources and near-end crosstalk.

关键词： FIR MIMO filters MIMO system multiple-input multiple-output

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