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multiscale structure of LaAlO3 from single-crystal X-ray diffraction

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2024年第4期80卷 275-280页

作者： Nishioka, Takashi Hayashi, Mibuki Kasai, Hidetaka Nishibori, Eiji Univ Tsukuba Inst Pure & Appl Sci Dept Phys 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058571 Japan Univ Tsukuba Tsukuba Res Ctr Energy Mat Sci TREMS 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058571 Japan

A domain-resolved synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of a LaAlO3 pseudo-merohedral twin crystal was successfully carried out in combination with powder diffraction data from the same sample. multiscale structure information ranging from micro- to nano- to atomic scale was determined from one single crystal. There is almost no change of domain ratios at temperatures of less than 400 K indicating no movement of the domain wall. The changes in domain ratio indicating domain-wall movement were observed in the temperature range of 450 to 700 K, which is consistent with the result of the previous mechanical measurement. It is also found that the ratio of four twin components becomes equal (25%), just below phase transition temperature. These findings are important for domain engineering and theoretical studies related to LaAlO3. The temperature dependence of domain ratio was preserved in the heating and cooling cycle except for the first heating process to 840 K. Therefore, the domain structure after heating to 840 K is intrinsic to the crystal. Accurate structure parameters were determined through unit-cell parameter calibration and domain-resolved structure analysis. The method for calibration of unit-cell parameters from twin crystal data was derived and used to solve the inconsistent unit-cell parameters between single crystal and powder data in the present and previous studies.

关键词： multiscale structure perovskite oxides single-crystal X-ray diffraction twin

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Mechanical properties and multiscale structure evolution of cement mortars under temperature cycling and low-humidity coupled condition

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CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 2024年 457卷

作者： Liu, Yuanpeng Wang, Hao Liu, Zihao Xia, Yuqing Yao, Jiachen Ren, Yanlong Hu, Zhangli Liu, Jiaping Southeast Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Jiangsu Key Lab Construct Mat Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China State Key Lab High Performance Civil Engn Mat Nanjing 211103 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Chongqing 400045 Peoples R China China Railway Major Bridge Engn Grp Co Ltd Tianjin 300450 Peoples R China China Railway Construct Bridge Engn Bur Grp Southe Guangzhou 511400 Peoples R China

The degradation of concrete induced by wide temperature differences and drying significantly impacts the durability of constructions in plateau regions. This study systematically investigated the mechanical properties, the structure evolution from nanoscale to macroscale, and the hydration product changes under temperature cycling with low relative humidity (5-60 degrees C cycling, 30+5 % RH). Damage gradients were meticulously discussed based on the experimental measured thermal gradient and mechanical failure modes. Pore coarsening and microcracks which increased with w/c mainly occurred between 50 nm and 50 mu m, becoming key factors contributing to the mechanical degradation. Nevertheless, the relatively small damages enable the mortar to maintain much stable mechanical properties than cement paste and concrete. The hydration and the small amount of decomposition had little effect on the structure. Overall, the strength increased until a certain time window followed by a decreasing trend because of two contradictory factors: enhancement led by the increase of capillary pressure and surface energy and degradation driven by the gradient damage.

关键词： Mechanical properties multiscale structure Thermal response Temperature cycling Low-humidity

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Facile self-assembly of sandwich-like MXene V2CTx/Ag/rGO/MWCNTs layered multiscale structure nanocomposite

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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2023年第2期49卷 1911-1921页

作者： Zhang, Yan Lu, WenBin Zhou, JianPing Sun, DaQian Li, HongMei Xinjiang Univ Sch Mech Engn Urumqi 830000 Peoples R China Jilin Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Key Lab Automobile Mat Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

MXene is widely used in the supercapacitors, fuel cells and other fields due to its excellent conductivity and hydrophilicity. V has multiple oxidation states that allow V2CTx to participate in more redox reactions, and has good energy storage potential. Ag particles, rGO and MWCNTs are used to modify V2CTx to fully exploit the electrochemical properties of V2CTx. The doping of Ag particles, rGO and MWCNTs can well prevent the collapse and accumulation of V2CTx. A number of Ag particles, rGO and MWCNTs enter into the layers of V2CTx, which can increase the layer spacing. The expansion of interlayer spacing can expose more active contact sites and shorten the diffusion path of electrolyte ions. Ag particles, rGO and MWCNTs transform the original two-dimensional structure into a three-dimensional structure, which can provide a fast transport channel for charge transport and ion diffusion. Moreover, the close contact of Ag particles, rGO and MWCNTs enables the cross-boundary transport of carriers more rapid and convenient. The capacitance contribution rate of V2CTx + Ag + rGO + MWCNTs composite that is modified with Ag particles, rGO and MWCNTs reaches 86.6%. The results show that the electrochemical performance of V2CTx + Ag + rGO + MWCNTs composites has a more promising future.

关键词： MXene multiscale structure Compound materials Synergistic effect

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Combining multiscale structure and TRIP effect to enhance room temperature tensile properties of 304 stainless steel by cryogenic cyclic plastic strengthening

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SCRIPTA MATERIALIA 2023年第1期234卷

作者： Wang, Zongchi Shi, Shouwen Yu, Jingtai Li, Bingbing Li, Yajing Chen, Xu Tianjin Univ Sch Chem Engn & Technol Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China Tianjin Key Lab Chem Proc Safety & Equipment Techn Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China Zhejiang Inst Tianjin Univ Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Peoples R China

In this paper, 304 austenitic stainless steel was strengthened by cryogenic cyclic plastic strengthening (CCPS) method to obtain a material that combined multiscale structure and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. After strengthening, there were harder small & alpha;& PRIME;-martensite particles limited to the dense slip bands skeleton in the austenite coarse grains, which led to dynamic strain partitioning during uniaxial tension tests at room temperature. In addition, martensitic transformation occurred steadily throughout the strain range of the tensile tests. At room temperature, the characteristics of cryogenic transformation were maintained and the saturation value of the transformation was increased. The strengthened material showed an excellent combi-nation of high strength and ductility at room temperature.

关键词： Austenitic stainless steel Martensitic transformation multiscale structure Strength Ductility

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Effects of starch multiscale structure on the physicochemical properties and digestibility of Radix Cynanchi bungei starch

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 2023年第Part3期253卷 126873页

作者： Deng, Changyue Wang, Baixue Jin, Yongqing Yu, Yiyang Zhang, Yingying Shi, Sanxu Wang, Yifan Zheng, Mingming Yu, Zhenyu Zhou, Yibin Anhui Agr Univ Coll Tea & Food Sci & Technol Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Key Lab Jianghuai Agr Prod Fine Proc & Resource Ut Hefei 230036 Peoples R China Anhui Agr Univ Food Proc Res Inst Hefei 230036 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Agr Sci Oil Crops Res Inst Key Lab Oilseeds Proc Hubei Key Lab Lipid Chem & Nutr Oil Crops & Lipids Wuhan 430062 Peoples R China

Radix Cynanchi bungei (RCb) contains 40-70 % starch, yet little is known about the structure and properties of RCb starch. In this study, the multiscale structure of two cultivars of RCb starch (YW201501 and BW201001) were characterized, and the effects of starch structure on its physicochemical properties were investigated. The differences in physicochemical properties of RCb starch were influenced by its multiscale structure. The starch granules were round and irregular polygon, with sizes ranging between 2 and 14 mu m. YW201501 had a higher amylose (21.81 %) and lipid (0.96 %) content, molecular weight (59.5 x 106 g/mol), and A chain proportion (27.5 %), and a lower average granule size (6.14 mu m), amylopectin average chain length (19.7), and B3 chain proportion (10.3 %). Both starches were B-type crystalline, with higher crystallinity (26.3 %) and R1047/1022 (0.74) for YW201501, resulting in large gelatinization enthalpy. In addition, the higher peak viscosity and larger retrogradation degree of YW201501 were correlated to its higher amylose content. In vitro digestibility revealed that the low rapidly digestible starch and high resistant starch of BW201001 were related to the fine structure of starch. YW201501 and BW201001 had a medium glycemic index (62.6-66.0) with potential for processing into healthy starchy foods.

关键词： Radix Cynanchi bunge starch multiscale structure Physicochemical properties Digestibility Relationship

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Lotus starch/bamboo shoot polysaccharide composite system treated via ultrasound: Pasting, gelling properties and multiscale structure

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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023年第Pt 1期174卷 113605页

作者： Wang, Nan Wu, Liangru Yang, Jinlai You, Yuming Zhang, Fusheng Kan, Jianquan Zheng, Jiong Southwest Univ Coll Food Sci Tiansheng Rd 2 Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China China Natl Bamboo Res Ctr Key Lab High Efficient Proc Bamboo Zhejiang Prov Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Arts & Sci Coll Landscape Architecture & Life Sci Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Special Food Cobuilt Sichuan & C Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China

This study investigated the effects of ultrasound treatment on the physicochemical properties, digestion properties, and multiscale structure of a lotus root starch (LS) and bamboo shoot polysaccharide (BSP) composite system. It also preliminarily revealed the mechanism underlying the modification effect of ultrasound treatment. After 180-360 W ultrasound treatment, the viscosity, thixotropy, and gel viscoelasticity of the LS/BSP paste increased. However, treatment with the ultrasound power of 540 and 720 W decreased viscoelasticity. After 14 days of retrogradation, the hardness and cohesiveness of the LS/BSP gel increased under 180 and 360 W ultrasound treatment but decreased under 540 and 720 W ultrasound treatment. After 540 W ultrasound treatment, RDS content decreased by 17.2 % and resistant starch content increased by 32.5 %. After 180 min of in vitro digestion, the hydrolysis rate of LS/BSP decreased from 97.82 % to 93.13 % as the ultrasound power increased to 540 W. Ultrasound promoted the uniform dispersion of BSP in the starch paste and the movement, orientation, rearrangement, and aggregation of starch and BSP molecular chains. These effects further enhanced the interaction between BSP and starch, resulting in the formation of a dense paste structure with strong resistance to digestive enzymes. This work revealed the mechanism of the effects of ultrasound treatment on LS/ BSP and found that 360-540 W ultrasound treatment could improve the physicochemical properties and digestion properties of LS/BSP.

关键词： Ultrasound Bamboo shoot polysaccharides Lotus root starch Pasting properties In vitro digestion multiscale structure

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Facile self-assembly of sandwich-like MXene layered multiscale structure nanocomposite

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2D MATERIALS 2023年第1期10卷 015014-015014页

作者： Guo, ZhiJin Zhang, Yan Zhou, JianPing Sun, DaQian Li, HongMei Jilin Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Urumqi 830000 Peoples R China Xinjiang Univ Sch Mech Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

V2CT (x) shows a low ion diffusion barrier, while the multiple oxidation states of vanadium allow V2CT (x) to participate in multi-electron redox reactions, which demonstrates a greater potential for electrochemical energy storage applications. However, the lateral arrangement of V2CT (x) lamellae tends to cause the accumulation and collapse of the structure. Herein, the two-dimensional layered V2CT (x) is modified with Ag+ and Cu2+, the V2CT (x) /Ag/Cu composite is successfully prepared. The Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and Cu NPs grown between the layers of V2CT (x) can effectively suppress the accumulation of the lamellae and ensure the smooth transfer of electrolyte ions and electrons between the layers. Meanwhile, the doping of Ag NPs and Cu NPs can enlarge the interlayer spacing of V2CT (x) , which can expose more active contact sites for electrolyte ions, shorten the diffusion path of electrolyte ions, and effectively improve the electrochemical performance of V2CT (x) . The Ag NPs and Cu NPs agglomerate in the delamination of V2CT (x) to form a conductive channel covering multiple layers, which facilitates cross-layer electron transfer and reduces the internal resistance of the V2CT (x) /Ag/Cu composite. Basis on the above reasonable structural designs, the internal resistance of the V2CT (x) /Ag/Cu composite is only 0.72 omega, showing excellent diffusion ability of K+. The result represents a new step forward in exploring the electrochemical properties of two dimensional materials of V2CT (x) .

关键词： MXene multiscale structure multiple synthesis synergistic effect composites

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Natural Polysaccharide Delivery Platforms with multiscale structure Used for Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy

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MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS 2023年第11期20卷 5778-5789页

作者： Ni, Haifeng Qian, Sunxiang Lu, Jie Feng, Jie Mou, Xiao-zhou Zhang, Jing Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Mat Sci & Engn Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang Peoples R China Hangzhou Med Coll Zhejiang Prov Peoples Hosp Key Lab Tumor Mol Diag & Individualized Med Zheji Peoples Hosp Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Chemoimmunotherapy is an effective cancer treatment method. Drugs are always combined and used in treating cancer. However, the characteristic of drugs varies, making it challenging to control their release kinetics utilizing delivery devices with a single microstructure. In this study, we attempted to uniformly size drugs of varying molecular weights and confine them in a compartment where immune cells may be recruited and moved freely. Dextran microgels were created as modular drug libraries to address the cryogel burst release of small molecule drugs. Then, modular drug libraries and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were integrated into cryogels for a combined treatment. Herein, alginate was zwitterion modified to avoid the immune reaction generated by the material. Because of its macroporous structure, the cryogel could be injected into the body, eliminating invasive surgical procedures. Results demonstrated that multiscale delivery platforms could improve the synergistic effect of various medications on tumor treatment.

关键词： chemoimmunotherapy multiscale structure cryogels modular drug delivery library

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Effect of oil modification on the multiscale structure and gelatinization properties of crosslinked starch and their relationship with the texture and microstructure of surimi/starch composite gels

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FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022年 391卷 133236页

作者： Zhao, Xiaoyun Wang, Xiaofen Li, Xuxu Zeng, Lingjun Huang, Junli Huang, Qilin Zhang, Binjia Huazhong Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Technol Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Huazhong Agr Univ MOE Key Lab Environm Correlat Dietol Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Sub Ctr Wuhan Natl Technol & R&D Staple Freshwat Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Hangzhou Starpro Starch Co Ltd Hangzhou 310000 Peoples R China

This work investigated the multiscale structure and gelatinization properties of different oil-modified crosslinked starches and their relationship with the texture and microstructure of surimi/starch composite gels. The results showed clusters were formed by the agglomeration of starch, with oil on the surface of granules. Oil modification did not damage the long-range crystalline structure but impaired the short-range ordered structure. A high oil modification degree was shown to weaken starch structure, in contrast to an adverse effect for a high crosslinking level. Furthermore, compared with crosslinked starches, Oil-CTS had lower pasting temperature and gelatinization enthalpy, a higher viscosity, and better gel-reinforcing effect. Correlation analysis revealed the texture of surimi/starch composite gels was negatively correlated with the helical structure and pasting temperature of starch, and positively correlated with final and setback viscosity of starch and the swollen size of starch granules in surimi gel.

关键词： Oil modification Crosslinked starches multiscale structure Gelatinization property Texture Surimi gel

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Glycosyltransferases improve breadmaking quality by altering multiscale structure in gluten-free bread

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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS 2022年 133卷

作者： Zhao, Fangfang Li, Yang Li, Caiming Ban, Xiaofeng Gu, Zhengbiao Li, Zhaofeng Jiangnan Univ State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Peoples R China Jiangnan Univ Sch Food Sci & Technol Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Peoples R China Jiangnan Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Food Safety & Qual Control Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In gluten-free bread (GFB), starch and its interplay with structural agents were vital for product quality due to the absence of gluten. During breadmaking, amylolytic enzymes modified starch in situ, and their reaction modes determined starch structure and hence how interactions occurred. Herein, based on the matrices of rice protein and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), alpha-amylase and multifunctional enzymes of glucan branching enzyme (GBE) and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTase) were adopted, aiming to understand the mecha-nism of these enzymes on breadmaking quality of fresh bread from the multiscale structure of GFB. Results demonstrated that all enzymes, especially CGTase and GBE, markedly increased GFB specific volume to 107%- 134% of Control. Compared with alpha-amylase, CGTase and GBE more depended on the structural changes rather than fermentation to improve GFB volume. Considering the texture, CGTase and GBE reduced crumb stickiness and still maintained a relatively softness and springiness crumb, while alpha-amylase induced a stick and less elastic crumb. Starch molecular changes enhanced the entanglement of starch and HPMC to form extended and bold fibril bundles and finally improved strength and pore size of gel network structure. Moreover, the starch structure modifications and specific enzymatic products of CGTase and GBE altered the microstructure and thus facilitated the even distribution of rice protein, which further improved GFB texture properties. Amylolytic enzymes, that acted both hydrolysis and glycosyl transfer, moderately hydrolyzed starch and generated specific enzymatic products, were more suitable to enhance GFB structure and eliminate the weak crumb texture.

关键词： Gluten -free bread Glucan branching enzyme Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase structure and texture Breadmaking quality multiscale structure

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