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Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition

作者： Felipe Sampaio Bruno Zatt Muhammad Shafique Luciano Agostini Sergio Bampi Jorg Henkel Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) GACI Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450321532

This work presents an energy-efficient memory hierarchy for Motion and Disparity Estimation on multiview video coding employing a Reference Frames-Centered Data Reuse (RCDR) scheme. In RCDR the reference search window becomes the center of the motion/disparity estimation processing flow and calls for processing all blocks requesting its data. By doing so, RCDR avoids multiple search window retransmissions leading to reduced number of external memory accesses, thus memory energy reduction. To deal with out-of-order processing and further reduce external memory traffic, a statistics-based partial results compressor is developed. The on-chip video memory energy is reduced by employing a statistical power gating scheme and candidate blocks reordering. Experimental results show that our reference-centered memory hierarchy outperforms the state-of-the-art [7][13] by providing reduction of up to 71% for external memory energy, 88% on-chip memory static energy, and 65% on-chip memory dynamic energy.

关键词： multiview video coding MVC 3D-video Low-Power Design On-Chip video Memory Application-Aware DPM Memory Hierarchy Energy Efficiency Motion Estimation Disparity Estimation

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Novel macroblock mode selection algorithm in multiview video coding

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Gaojishu Tongxin/Chinese High Technology Letters 2008年第3期18卷 253-258页

作者： Peng, Zongju Yu, Mei Jiang, Gangyi Yang, You Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Acad. of Sci. Beijing 100080 China Faculty of Information Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China National Key Laboratory of Machine Perception Peking University Beijing 100871 China Graduate School Chinese Acad. of Sci. Beijing 100080 China

A conception of sequential optional macroblock mode set was proposed by the analysis on the macroblock mode selection in multiview video coding. A fast macrolbock mode selection algorithm based on the sequential optional macroblock mode set was put forward on the basis of comparing the searching process of the rate distortion cost optimal macroblock mode with that of the minimal time optimal macroblock mode, and the discussion of the influence of minimal time optional macroblock mode being the encoding macroblock mode on rate distortion performance. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm reduced the complexity of the macroblock mode selection process obviously and promoted the encoding speed by 3.2-5.8 times, while the rate distortion performance nearly remained unchanged.

关键词： Fast algorithm Inter frame prediction Macroblock mode selection multiview video coding

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multiview coding and error correction coding for 3D video over noisy channels

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2015年 30卷 107-120页

作者： Vosoughi, Arash Testoni, Vanessa Cosman, Pamela C. Milstein, Laurence B. Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA

We consider the joint source-channel coding problem of stereo video transmitted over AWGN and flat Rayleigh fading channels. multiview coding (MVC) is used to encode the source, as well as a type of spatial scalable MVC. Our goal is to minimize the total number of bits, which is the sum of the number of source bits and the number of forward error correction bits, under the constraints that the quality of the left and right views must each be greater than predetermined PSNR thresholds at the receiver. We first consider symmetric coding, for which the quality thresholds are equal. Following binocular suppression theory, we also consider asymmetric coding, for which the quality thresholds are unequal. The optimization problem is solved using both equal error protection (EEP) and a proposed unequal error protection (UEP) scheme. An estimate of the expected end-to-end distortion of the two views is formulated for a packetized MVC bitstream over a noisy channel. The UEP algorithm uses these estimates for packet rate allocation. Results for various scenarios, including non-scalable/scalable MVC, symmetric/asymmetric coding, and UEP/EEP, are provided for both AWGN and flat Rayleigh fading channels. The UEP bit savings compared to EEP are given, and the performances of different scenarios are compared for a set of stereo video sequences. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Joint source-channel coding multiview video coding Unequal error protection Scalable coding Asymmetric coding

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A Novel Rate Control Technique for multiview video Plus Depth Based 3D video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING 2011年第2期57卷 562-571页

作者： Liu, Yanwei Huang, Qingming Ma, Siwei Zhao, Debin Gao, Wen Ci, Song Tang, Hui Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Peking Univ Natl Engn Lab Video Technol Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust High Performance Network Lab Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Univ Nebraska Lincoln Intelligent Ubiquitous Comp Lab Lincoln NE 68588 USA

This paper presents a novel rate control technique for multiview video plus depth (MVD) based 3D video coding. In the proposed rate control technique, an image-stitching method is first utilized to simultaneously encode video and depth, and then a joint rate control algorithm for MVD is presented. The joint rate control algorithm is performed on three levels, namely view level, video/depth level and frame level. In the view level, different proportions of rates are allocated for different types of views according to the pre-statistical rate allocation. In the video/depth level, the target rates for video and depth are discriminatorily assigned to guarantee the high quality of video for the backward-compatible display. In the frame level, the hierarchical rate allocation is used to regulate the target bits for each frame. In addition to the above mentioned rate control strategies, according to the special characteristics of multiview hypothetical reference decoder (HRD), the buffer-related rate control is also considered to prevent the decoder buffer from overflow or underflow even outputting multiple views. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control technique can accurately control the bit-rate to satisfy the requirements of 3D video systems.

关键词： multiview video coding rate control video plus depth representation 3D video coding

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Advanced motion vector coding framework for multiview video sequences

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2013年第1期67卷 49-70页

作者： Ryu, Seungchul Seo, Jungdong Lee, Jin Young Sohn, Kwanghoon Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn DIML Seoul 120749 South Korea Samsung Elect Co Ltd Samsung Adv Inst Technol Yongin 449712 Gyeonggi Do South Korea

The inconsistency between the temporal motion vector and the disparity vector fields causes a drastic loss in coding performance during multiview video coding. In order to resolve this inconsistency problem, we investigate a new approach for motion vector coding. In this paper, degradation in accuracy using a conventional method is experimentally analyzed using mathematical tools. Then, we introduce a new framework for motion vector coding, including modified Inter-mode and Adaptive Direct-mode, in which an advanced motion vector prediction method is employed. The main idea of the proposed motion vector prediction method is to separate each motion vector field from the others. For this purpose, we introduce three alternative motion vectors;a virtual disparity vector, a virtual temporal motion vector and a scaled motion vector. The experimental results show that the proposed method can resolve the inconsistency problem and consequently improve the overall rate-distortion performance. The average bit-rate savings is about 7.3% compared to JMVC 6.0. At maximum, the gain obtained is about 20%, corresponding to a PSNR of 1.42 dB.

关键词： Motion vector coding 3D video coding multiview video coding Virtual motion vector

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A Fast Mode Decision Algorithm for multiview Auto-stereoscopic 3D video coding Based on Mode and Disparity Statistic Analysis

A Fast Mode Decision Algorithm for Multiview Auto-stereoscop...

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Conference on Optoelectronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology II

作者： Ding, Cong Sang, Xinzhu Zhao, Tianqi Yan, Binbin Leng, Junmin Yuan, Jinhui Zhang, Ying Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Informat Photon & Opt Commun Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819493132

multiview video coding (MVC) is essential for applications of the auto-stereoscopic three-dimensional displays. However, the computational complexity of MVC encoders is tremendously huge. Fast algorithms are very desirable for the practical applications of MVC. Based on joint early termination, the selection of inter-view prediction and the optimization of the process of Inter8x8 modes by comparison, a fast macroblock(MB) mode selection algorithm is presented. Comparing with the full mode decision in MVC, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce up to 78.13% on average and maximum 90.21% encoding time with a little increase in bit rates and loss in PSNR.

关键词： Fast mode decision early termination motion estimation disparity estimation multiview video coding

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DESIGNING coding STRUCTURES WITH MERGE FRAMES FOR INTERACTIVE multiview video STREAMING

DESIGNING CODING STRUCTURES WITH MERGE FRAMES FOR INTERACTIV...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo (ICME)

作者： Motz, Benedicte Cheung, Gene Cheung, Ngai-Man Grad Univ Adv Studies Miura Dist Kanagawa Japan Natl Inst Informat Tokyo Japan Singapore Univ Technol & Design Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015528

In interactive multiview video streaming (IMVS), a client periodically requests switches to neighboring views for uninterrupted temporal video playback from a server storing a large number of pre-encoded views. The technical challenge is that the navigation path taken by a client is not known at encoding time, and thus it is difficult to employ differential coding to lower code rate without knowing exactly what frames are available at the client buffer as predictors. In a previous work, a new frame type called merge frame was designed to efficiently merge different side information (SI) frames S-n from different possible decoding paths into a unique construction M, so that the following frame(s) in time can be differentially coded using M as predictor without coding drift. In this paper, we design new coding structures using two variants of merge frame for different view-switching probabilities and desired rate-distortion (RD) tradeoff points. Experimental results show that our proposed frame structure designs outperform view-switching mechanisms in the literature, such as SP-frames in H.264, in RD performance.

关键词： multiview video coding interactive streaming rate-distortion optimization

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AN EFFICIENT LOW RANDOM-ACCESS DELAY PANORAMA-BASED MULTI VIEW video coding SCHEME

AN EFFICIENT LOW RANDOM-ACCESS DELAY PANORAMA-BASED MULTI VI...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Pourazad, M. T. Nasiopoulos, P. Ward, R. K. Univ British Columbia Dept Elect & Comp Engn Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424456536

We present an efficient low random delay scheme for multiview video coding (MVC). In the proposed scheme, inter-view prediction (disparity estimation), which introduces time-consuming computations and random access delay to MVC, is replaced with a residue-stream coding process. Our algorithm transforms the middle view to a panoramic view of the scene. Then the residue streams are created as the difference of the luma and chroma values of overlapping regions of each view and the panoramic view. Finally the panoramic stream and all residue streams are encoded separately (simulcast coding). The hierarchical B picture prediction structure is implemented for coding each stream. Performance evaluations show that our proposed coding method outperforms the recent multiview video coding standard by up to 2.13 dB PSNR and enhances the compression ratio by 24.6%, while reducing random-access delay by 50%.

关键词： multiview video coding

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Joint coding for multiview video plus Depth Based on View Rendering

Joint Coding for Multiview Video plus Depth Based on View Re...

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第七届和谐人机环境联合学术会议（HHME2011)、第20届全国多媒体学术会议（NCMT2011）、第7届全国人机交互学术会议（CHCI2011）、第7届全国普适计算学术会议（PCC2011）

作者： Yapei ZHU 1 , Zongju PENG 1 , Mei YU 1,2 , Feng SHAO 1 , Songyin FU 1 , Ting LUO 1 , Fucui LI 1 , Gangyi JIANG 1,2 1. Ningbo University, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo, 315211 2. Nanjing University, National Key Lab of Software New Technology, Nanjing, 210093

Depth images are widely utilized in multiview video applications to synthesize the virtual views. In this paper, the method for reliability-based view synthesis from compressed multi-view + depth data (MVD) is investigated and corresponding results are shown. For evaluating how the separate coding results influence the view synthesis quality, this paper firstly generates results from the compression artifacts only, where video and depth coding is carried out separately. In the next step, we derive the edges in order to quantify the effect of lossy coding of the non-edges areas in depth maps on synthesized view quality. Finally, the joint coding for multiview video plus depth which utilizes the relationship of the QPs is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed coding method decreases the bitrate by 10.91% on average at higher bitrate in comparison with JMVC.

关键词： multiview video coding compression of depth the fidelity of synthesized views quantization parameters

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JOINT SOURCE-CHANNEL coding OF 3D video USING multiview coding

JOINT SOURCE-CHANNEL CODING OF 3D VIDEO USING MULTIVIEW CODI...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

作者： Arash Vosoughi Vanessa Testoni Pamela Cosman Laurence Milstein ECE University of California San Diego

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903573

We consider the joint source-channel coding problem of a 3D video transmitted over an AWGN channel. The goal is to minimize the total number of bits, which is the sum of the number of source bits and the number of forward error correction bits, under two constraints: the quality of the primary view and the quality of the secondary view must be greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold at the receiver. The quality is measured in terms of the expected PSNR of an entire decoded group of pictures. A MVC (multiview coding) encoder is used as the source encoder, and rate compatible punctured turbo codes are utilized for protection of the encoded 3D video over the noisy channel. Equal error protection and unequal error protection are compared for various 3D video sequences and noise levels.

关键词： Joint source-channel coding multiview video coding Turbo codes Unequal error protection error protection Combined source-channel coding turbo codes source encoder video coding videotapes Drill bits Joints Forward error correction Greater than or equal to

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