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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

作者： Arash Vosoughi Vanessa Testoni Pamela Cosman Laurence Milstein ECE University of California San Diego

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903573

We consider the joint source-channel coding problem of a 3D video transmitted over an AWGN channel. The goal is to minimize the total number of bits, which is the sum of the number of source bits and the number of forward error correction bits, under two constraints: the quality of the primary view and the quality of the secondary view must be greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold at the receiver. The quality is measured in terms of the expected PSNR of an entire decoded group of pictures. A MVC (multiview coding) encoder is used as the source encoder, and rate compatible punctured turbo codes are utilized for protection of the encoded 3D video over the noisy channel. Equal error protection and unequal error protection are compared for various 3D video sequences and noise levels.

关键词： Joint source-channel coding multiview video coding Turbo codes Unequal error protection error protection Combined source-channel coding turbo codes source encoder video coding videotapes Drill bits Joints Forward error correction Greater than or equal to

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Faster mode determination algorithm using mode correlation for multi-view video coding

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IET SIGNAL PROCESSING 2014年第5期8卷 565-578页

作者： Lee, Pei-Jun Lin, Ho-Ju Kuo, Kuei-Ting Natl Chi Nan Univ Dept Elect Engn Puli 545 Nan Tou Taiwan VIA Technol Inc Hardware Graph Dept Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

Multi-view video coding with a hierarchical B picture structure utilises intra-view and inter-view predictions to reduce the quantity of redundant information. The optimal coding mode is determined by exhaustively searching through all possible partition modes;however, a high degree of computational complexity is involved in such exhaustive searches. In this study, the authors statistically analyse the coding mode distribution in inter-view and intra-view and propose a fast mode decision algorithm to select the optimal mode in terms of rate-distortion optimisation. The probability density function of the rate-distortion cost and the degree of the homogeneity in motion are set as the multi-threshold in the algorithm to determine the optimal mode for base view coding. For the multi-view coding, the correlation of the modes in neighbouring views with similar regions is utilised to select the coding mode from the inter-view or intra-view predictions. The experimental results show that the encoding time for the base view and the multi-view is reduced by up to 85 and 69%, respectively, and the quality of the reconstructed video is nearly unchanged.

关键词： computational complexity correlation methods image reconstruction optimisation video coding mode determination algorithm mode correlation multiview video coding hierarchical B picture structure interview predictions optimal coding mode partition modes computational complexity fast mode decision algorithm rate-distortion optimisation probability density function homogeneity degree multi-threshold mode base view coding intra-view predictions video reconstruction

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View-dependency video coding for asymmetric resolution stereoscopic views

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2009年第7期48卷

作者： Park, Sea-Nae Sim, Dong-Gyu Kwangwoon Univ Dept Comp Engn Seoul 139701 South Korea

We propose an asymmetric-resolution stereoscopic video codec that can be used for commercially available stereo displays. Currently, most stereo video displays are designed for displaying not only stereo video but also conventional single-view video in order to make them compatible to single-view video services. In these systems, the resolution of each input video for stereo mode is half the input resolution for a single-view mode. We propose a stereoscopic video codec to support both single-view and stereo-view services by encoding full-resolution left images and horizontally downsampled right images. However, it is not possible to employ the conventional disparity estimation between the two views because the resolution of the left image is different from that of the corresponding right image. So we propose a stereoscopic video codec based on a new disparity estimation/compensation method that makes use of all the information of the left reference image without downsampling. We achieved a 0.5- to 0.8-dB coding gain with the proposed stereoscopic codec, compared with several conventional stereoscopic coding algorithms. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3156016]

关键词： stereoscopic video video coding multiview video coding

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multiview depth coding based on combined color/depth segmentation

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2012年第1期23卷 42-52页

作者： Ruiz-Hidalgo, J. Morros, J. R. Aflaki, P. Calderero, F. Marques, F. Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Signal Theory & Commun ES-08034 Barcelona Spain Tampere Univ Technol FIN-33101 Tampere Finland Univ Pompeu Fabra Barcelona 08018 Spain

In this paper, a new coding method for multiview depth video is presented. Considering the smooth Structure and sharp edges of depth maps, a segmentation based approach is proposed. This allows further preserving the depth contours thus introducing fewer artifacts in the depth perception of the video. To reduce the cost associated with partition coding, an approximation of the depth partition is built using the decoded color view segmentation. This approximation is refined by sending some complementary information about the relevant differences between color and depth partitions. For coding the depth content of each region, a decomposition into orthogonal basis is used in this paper although similar decompositions may be also employed. Experimental results show that the proposed segmentation based depth coding method outperforms H.264/AVC and H.264/MVC by more than 2 dB at similar bitrates. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Depth map Virtual view multiview video coding 3DTV Segmentation-based video coding Region-merging Color-depth segmentation Texture coding

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multiview coding Mode Decision With Hybrid Optimal Stopping Model

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2013年第4期22卷 1596-1607页

作者： Zhao, Tiesong Kwong, Sam Wang, Hanli Wang, Zhou Pan, Zhaoqing Kuo, C. -C. Jay City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Tongji Univ Minist Educ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Embedded Syst & Serv Comp Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ So Calif Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ So Calif Signal & Image Proc Inst Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

In a generic decision process, optimal stopping theory aims to achieve a good tradeoff between decision performance and time consumed, with the advantages of theoretical decision-making and predictable decision performance. In this paper, optimal stopping theory is employed to develop an effective hybrid model for the mode decision problem, which aims to theoretically achieve a good tradeoff between the two interrelated measurements in mode decision, as computational complexity reduction and rate-distortion degradation. The proposed hybrid model is implemented and examined with a multiview encoder. To support the model and further promote coding performance, the multiview coding mode characteristics, including predicted mode probability and estimated coding time, are jointly investigated with inter-view correlations. Exhaustive experimental results with a wide range of video resolutions reveal the efficiency and robustness of our method, with high decision accuracy, negligible computational overhead, and almost intact rate-distortion performance compared to the original encoder.

关键词： Inter-view prediction mode characteristics mode decision multiview video coding optimal stopping

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3D video: Acquisition, coding, and Display

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2010年第2期56卷 946-950页

作者： Merkle, Philipp Mueller, Karsten Wiegand, Thomas Heinrich Hertz Inst Nachrichtentech Berlin GmbH Fraunhofer Inst Telecommun Image Proc Dept Image Comnmunicat Grp D-10587 Berlin Germany Tech Univ Berlin Dept Telecommun Syst Sch EE & CS D-10587 Berlin Germany

An overview of the 3D video processing chain is given, highlighting existing and upcoming technologies and standards, addressing dependencies and interactions between acquisition, coding and display, and pointing out ... 详细信息

关键词： 3D video coding 3D processing chain H.264 standard multiview video coding

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Standardized Extensions of High Efficiency video coding (HEVC)

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2013年第6期7卷 1001-1016页

作者： Sullivan, Gary J. Boyce, Jill M. Chen, Ying Ohm, Jens-Rainer Segall, C. Andrew Vetro, Anthony Microsoft Corp Windows Div Redmond WA 98052 USA Vidyo Inc Algorithms Hackensack NJ 07601 USA Qualcomm Technol Inc Multimedia R&D Stand Grp San Diego CA 92121 USA Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Commun Engn D-52056 Aachen Germany Sharp Labs Amer Camas WA 98607 USA Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs Cambridge MA 02139 USA

This paper describes extensions to the High Efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard that are active areas of current development in the relevant international standardization committees. While the first version of HEVC is sufficient to cover a wide range of applications, needs for enhancing the standard in several ways have been identified, including work on range extensions for color format and bit depth enhancement, embedded-bitstream scalability, and 3D video. The standardization of extensions in each of these areas will be completed in 2014, and further work is also planned. The design for these extensions represents the latest state of the art for video coding and its applications.

关键词： HEVC JCT-VC JCT-3V MPEG multiview video coding range extensions scalable video coding standards development VCEG video compression 3D video coding

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Horizontal Scaling and Shearing-Based Disparity-Compensated Prediction for Stereo video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2012年第10期22卷 1457-1470页

作者： Wong, Ka-Man Po, Lai-Man Cheung, Kwok-Wai Ting, Chi-Wang Ng, Ka-Ho Xu, Xuyuan City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Informat Engn Program Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Chu Hai Coll Higher Educ Dept Comp Sci Tsuen Wan Hong Kong Peoples R China

In multiview video coding (MVC), disparity-compensated prediction (DCP) exploits the correlation among different views. A common approach is to use block-based motion-compensated prediction (MCP) tools to predict the disparity effect among different views. However, some regions in different views may have various deformations due to nonconstant depth. Thus, performance of DCP is not satisfactory with the simple translational model assumed in conventional block-based MCP tools. Previous attempts to achieve better disparity prediction were usually too complex for practical use. In this paper, horizontal scaling and shearing (HSS) effects are investigated to increase interview prediction accuracy for stereo video. HSS deformations are common among images of horizontally aligned views, due to horizontal and vertical flat surfaces that are not parallel with projection image planes. To achieve HSS-based DCP with minimal complexity, an efficient subsampled block-matching technique is adopted and integrated into MVC extension of H. 264/AVC in stereo profile. Affine parameters estimation and additional frame buffers are not required and the overall increase of computational complexity and memory requirements are moderate. Experimental results show that the new technique can achieve up to 5.25% bitrate reduction in interview prediction using JM17.0 reference software implementation.

关键词： Compression disparity-compensated prediction horizontal scaling horizontal shearing multiview video coding stereo video coding stretching subsampled block matching

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Rate-distortion analysis of multiview coding in a DIBR framework

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ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2013年第11-12期68卷 627-640页

作者： Rajaei, Boshra Maugey, Thomas Pourreza, Hamid-Reza Frossard, Pascal Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad Mashhad Iran Sadjad Inst Higher Educ Mashhad Iran Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Signal Proc Lab LTS4 Lausanne Switzerland

Depth image-based rendering techniques for multiview applications have been recently introduced for efficient view generation at arbitrary camera positions. The rate control in an encoder has thus to consider both texture and depth data. However, due to different structures of depth and texture data and their different roles on the rendered views, the allocation of the available bit budget between them requires a careful analysis. Information loss due to texture coding affects the value of pixels in synthesized views, while errors in depth information lead to a shift in objects or to unexpected patterns at their *** this paper, we address the problem of efficient bit allocation between texture and depth data of multiview *** adopt a rate-distortion framework based on a simplified model of depth and texture images, which preserves the main features of depth and texture images. Unlike most recent solutions, our method avoids rendering at encoding time for distortion estimation so that the encoding complexity stays low. In addition to this, our model is independent of the underlying inpainting method that is used at the decoder for filling holes in the synthetic views. Extensive experiments validate our theoretical results and confirm the efficiency of our rate allocation strategy.

关键词： Depth image-based rendering multiview video coding Rate allocation Rate-distortion analysis

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Overview of the MVC + D 3D video coding standard

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2014年第4期25卷 679-688页

作者： Chen, Ying Hannuksela, Miska M. Suzuki, Teruhiko Hattori, Shinobu Qualcomm Inc San Diego CA 92121 USA Nokia Res Ctr Tampere 33720 Finland Sony Shinagawa Ku Tokyo 1418610 Japan

3D video services are emerging in various application domains including cinema, TV broadcasting, Blu-ray discs, streaming and smartphones. A majority of the 3D video content in market is still based on stereo video, which is typically coded with the multiview video coding (MVC) extension of the Advanced video coding (H.264/AVC) standard or as frame-compatible stereoscopic video. However, the 3D video technologies face challenges as well as opportunities to support more demanding application scenarios, such as immersive 3D telepresence with numerous views and 3D perception adaptation for heterogeneous 3D devices and/or user preferences. The multiview video plus Depth (MVD) format enables depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) of additional viewpoints in the decoding side and hence helps in such advanced application scenarios. This paper reviews the MVC + D standard, which specifies an MVC-compatible MVD coding format. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： multiview video coding MVC MVC plus D H.264 multiview video plus Depth multiview video coding plus depth 3D video coding 3D video coding standards

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