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Fast Disparity and Motion Estimation Based on Correlations for multiview video coding

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2008年第4期54卷 2037-2044页

作者： Li, Xiaoming Zhao, Debin Ma, Siwei Gao, Wen Harbin Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Technol Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Peking Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

Recently, multiview video coding has attracted great attention from industries and research institutes. However, the heavy computational complexity limits its practical applications. In this paper, a fast disparity and motion estimation for multiview video coding is presented, based on the correlations between the neighboring cameras and between the motion and the disparity. In the proposed approach, first, a search region estimation is proposed to reduce the disparity estimation complexity according to that the camera set is usually fixed and therefore the disparity between the two neighboring views can be limited to an estimable range. Second, a motion vector derivation is given based on the geometric relationship between the motion and the disparity. In addition, an early termination scheme is provided to further reduce the number of reference frames. The experimental results show that roughly 50% time saving for disparity and motion computing can be reached when compared to the anchor in multiview video coding test model JSVM only with negligible coding efficiency loss.

关键词： multiview video coding disparity estimation fast motion estimation geometric relationship

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Model Predictive Hierarchical Rate Control With Markov Decision Process for multiview video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2013年第12期23卷 2090-2104页

作者： Vizzotto, Bruno Boessio Zatt, Bruno Shafique, Muhammad Bampi, Sergio Henkel, Joerg Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul BR-91501970 Porto Alegre RS Brazil Karlsruhe Inst Technol D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany

This paper presents a novel hierarchical rate control (HRC) for the multiview video coding standard targeting improved bandwidth usage and high video quality. The HRC is designed to jointly address the rate control at both frame level and basic unit (BU) level. The proposed scheme is able to exploit the bitrate distribution correlation with neighboring frames to efficiently predict the future bitrate behavior by employing a model predictive control that defines a proper control action through quantization parameter (QP) adaptation. To provide a fine-grained tuning, the QP is further adapted within each frame by a Markov decision process implemented at BU level able to take into consideration a map of the regions of interest. A coupled frame/BU level feedback is performed in order to guarantee the system consistency. Experimental results show the superiority of our HRC compared to state-of-the-art solutions in terms of bitrate allocation accuracy and rate distortion while delivering smooth video quality at frame and BU levels.

关键词： Markov model predictive control multiview video coding rate control

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Adaptive mode decision for multiview video coding based on macroblock position constraint model

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JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING 2016年第3期12卷 575-582页

作者： Li, Yue Yang, Gaobo Zhu, Yapei Liu, Can Liu, Kai Hunan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China Hengyang Normal Univ Fac Phys & Elect Informat Sci Hengyang 421002 Peoples R China North Univ China Taiyuan 030051 Peoples R China

multiview video coding (MVC) exploits mode decision, motion estimation and disparity estimation to achieve high compression ratio, which results in an extensive computational complexity. This paper presents an efficient mode decision approach for MVC using a macroblock (MB) position constraint model (MPCM). The proposed approach reduces the number of candidate modes by utilizing the mode correlation and rate distortion cost (RD cost) in the previously encoded frames/views. Specifically, the mode correlations both in the temporal-spatial domain and the inter-view are modeled with MPCM. Then, MPCM is exploited to select the optimal prediction direction for the current encoding MB. Finally, the inter mode is early determined in the optimal prediction direction. Experimental results show that the proposed method can save 86.03 % of encoding time compared with the exhaustive mode decision used in the reference software of joint multiview video coding, with only 0.077 dB loss in Bjontegaard delta peak signal-to-noise ratio (BDPSNR) and 2.29 % increment of the total Bjontegaard delta bit rate (BDBR), which is superior to the performances of state-of-the-art approaches.

关键词： multiview video coding Mode decision Macroblock position constraint model H.264/AVC

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Fast Disparity Estimation Using Spatio-temporal Correlation of Disparity Field for multiview video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2010年第2期56卷 957-964页

作者： Zhu, Wei Tian, Xiang Zhou, Fan Chen, Yaowu Zhejiang Univ Inst Adv Digital Technol & Instrument Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Disparity estimation is adopted by multiview video coding (MVC) to reduce the inter-view redundancy. However, it consumes enormous computational load. In this paper, a fast disparity estimation is proposed by using the spatio-temporal correlation and the temporal variation of disparity field. For each macroblock, a temporal prediction of the disparity vector is calculated first by utilizing the smoothed disparity field of the previous coded frame. Then, the search center is selected among the candidates obtained from spatio-temporal neighboring disparity vectors, and deemed to be a preliminary disparity vector. Finally, the search range is predicted adaptively by using the distance between the search center and the temporal prediction of the disparity vector, and then the search is implemented in a limited range. The distance represents the temporal variation of the disparity vector. As compared to the full search algorithm in MVC reference software, experimental results show that an average 96% reduction of the computational complexity is achieved, while the rate-distortion performance remains the same. As compared to the fast search algorithm in MVC reference software, experimental results show that an average 43% reduction of the computational complexity is achieved, and the rate-distortion performance of the proposed algorithm has been improved(1).

关键词： multiview video coding disparity estimation spatio-temporal correlation search center search range

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Bayesian Early Mode Decision Technique for View Synthesis Prediction-Enhanced multiview video coding

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2013年第11期20卷 1126-1129页

作者： Khattak, Shadan Hamzaoui, Raouf Maugey, Thomas Ahmad, Shakeel Frossard, Pascal De Montfort Univ Fac Technol Leicester LE1 9BH Leics England Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Signal Proc Lab LTS4 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

View synthesis prediction (VSP) is a coding mode that predicts video blocks from synthesised frames. It is particularly useful in a multi-camera setup with large inter-camera distances. Adding a VSP-based SKIP mode to a standard multiview video coding (MVC) framework improves the rate-distortion (RD) performance but increases the time complexity of the encoder. This letter proposes an early mode decision technique for VSP SKIP-enhanced MVC. Our method uses the correlation between the RD costs of the VSP SKIP mode in neighbouring views and Bayesian decision theory to reduce the number of candidate coding modes for a given macroblock. Simulation results showed that our technique can save up to 36.20% of the encoding time without any significant loss in RD performance.

关键词： Fast mode decision multiview video coding view synthesis prediction

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Optimising inter-view prediction structure for multiview video coding with minimum spanning tree

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2007年第23期43卷 1269-1271页

作者： Li, D. X. Zheng, W. Xie, X. -H. Zhang, M. Zhejiang Univ Dept Informat Sci & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

A new systematic method to construct a near-optimal inter-view prediction structure for multiview video coding is proposed based on the directed minimum spanning tree of inter-view prediction cost graph. The method is applicable to arbitrary irregular and dynamic changing camera arrangements. Results show that the generated structure achieves better compression efficiency than the reference structure of the joint multiview video model.

关键词： compression efficiency Image and video coding data compression dynamic changing camera arrangements video signal processing directed minimum spanning tree video coding joint multiview video model interview prediction structure multiview video coding

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A new fast motion estimation algorithm based on the loop-epipolar constraint for multiview video coding

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2012年第2期27卷 172-179页

作者： Cui, Zhaopeng Jiang, Guang Yang, Shuai Wu, Chengke Xidian Univ Sch Telecommun Engn ISN Natl Key Lab Xian Peoples R China

There lie geometric constraints between neighboring frames in multiview video sequences. The geometric constraints are valuable for reducing spatial and temporal redundancy in multiview video coding (MVC). In this paper, we propose a new fast motion estimation algorithm based on the loop-epipolar constraint which combines loop and epipolar constraints. A practical search technique is designed according to the characteristics of the loop-epipolar constraint. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient for sequences under different multiview camera setups. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Motion estimation Loop-epipolar constraint multiview video coding

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Rendering-oriented multiview video coding based on chrominance information reconstruction

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2010年第5期49卷 057401-057401页

作者： Shao, Feng Yu, Mei Jiang, Gangyi Zhang, Zhaoyang Ningbo Univ Fac Informat Sci & Engn Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China Minist Educ Key Lab Adv Displays & Syst Applicat Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China

Three-dimensional (3-D) video systems are expected to be a next-generation visual application. Since multiview video for 3-D video systems is composed of color and associated depth information, its huge requirement for data storage and transmission is an important problem. We propose a rendering-oriented multiview video coding (MVC) method based on chrominance information reconstruction that incorporates the rendering technique into the MVC process. The proposed method discards certain chrominance information to reduce bitrates, and performs reasonable bitrate allocation between color and depth videos. At the decoder, a chrominance reconstruction algorithm is presented to achieve accurate reconstruction by warping the neighboring views and colorizing the luminance-only pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed method can save nearly 20% on bitrates against the results without discarding the chrominance information. Moreover, under a fixed bitrate budget, the proposed method can greatly improve the rendering quality. (c) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3421643]

关键词： multiview video coding chrominance reconstruction view rendering bitrate allocation

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Iterative search strategy with selective bi-directional prediction for low complexity multiview video coding

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2012年第3期23卷 522-534页

作者： Deng, Zhi-Pin Chan, Yui-Lam Jia, Ke-Bin Fu, Chang-Hong Siu, Wan-Chi Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Elect & Informat Engn Ctr Signal Proc Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Beijing Univ Technol Dept Elect Informat & Control Engn Beijing Peoples R China

The multiview video coding (MVC) extension of H.264/AVC is the emerging standard for compression of impressive 3D and free-viewpoint video. The coding structure in MVC adopts motion and disparity estimation to exploit temporal and inter-view dependencies in MVC. It results in a considerable increase in encoding complexity. Most of the computational burden comes from uni-directional and bi-directional prediction. In this paper, an iterative search strategy is designed to speed up the uni-directional prediction in MVC. It can work with an adaptive search range adjustment through a confidence measure of a loop constraint to obtain both motion and disparity vectors jointly. Furthermore, a selective bi-directional prediction algorithm is proposed to enhance the coding performance by analyzing the statistical characteristics of bi-directional prediction in MVC. Experimental results demonstrate that, by using the proposed fast search, the temporal and inter-view redundancies of multiview video can be eliminated sufficiently with low complexity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3DTV multiview video coding Disparity estimation Motion estimation Bi-directional prediction Hierarchical B picture Adaptive search range JMVC

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Fast Mode Decision for multiview video coding Based on Just Noticeable Distortion Profile

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CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2015年第1期34卷 301-320页

作者： Shang, Xiwu Wang, Yongfang Luo, Lidong Zuo, Yifan Zhang, Zhaoyang Shanghai Univ Sch Commun & Informat Engn Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China

multiview video coding (MVC) achieves an excellent coding gain using exhaustive variable size mode decision in intra-view prediction and inter-view prediction. However, the high computational complexity prevents it from real-time application. In this paper, a fast intra-view mode decision and inter-view prediction termination algorithm based on just noticeable distortion (JND) is proposed to speed up the search process of motion estimation (ME) and disparity estimation (DE). The basic idea of the method is to exploit JND threshold in mode prediction to make an early decision on the process of variable size ME and DE in MVC. We not only narrow down prediction mode size candidates, but also terminate the process of DE early. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to reduce the entire encoding time by 79.94 % on average among different views, with negligible loss of coding efficiency.

关键词： multiview video coding Mode decision Just noticeable distortion Motion estimation Disparity estimation

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