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作者： Khattak, Shadan De Montfort University

学位级别：doctor

3D video is a technology that has seen a tremendous attention in the recent years. multiview video coding (MVC) is an extension of the popular H.264 video coding standard and is commonly used to compress 3D videos. It offers an improvement of 20% to 50% in compression efficiency over simulcast encoding of multiview videos using the conventional H.264 video coding standard. However, there are two important problems associated with it: (i) its superior compression performance comes at the cost of significantly higher computational complexity which hampers the real-world realization of MVC encoder in applications such as 3D live broadcasting and interactive Free Viewpoint Television (FTV), and (ii) compressed 3D videos can suffer from packet loss during transmission, which can degrade the viewing quality of the 3D video at the decoder. This thesis aims to solve these problems by presenting techniques to reduce the computational complexity of the MVC encoder and by proposing a consistent error concealment technique for frame losses in 3D video transmission. The thesis first analyses the complexity of the MVC encoder. It then proposes two novel techniques to reduce the complexity of motion and disparity estimation. The first method achieves complexity reduction in the disparity estimation process by exploiting the relationship between temporal levels, type of macroblocks and search ranges while the second method achieves it by exploiting the geometrical relation- ship between motion and disparity vectors in stereo frames. These two methods are then combined with other state-of-the-art methods in a unique framework where gains add up. Experimental results show that the proposed low-complexity framework can reduce the encoding time of the standard MVC encoder by over 93% while maintaining similar compression efficiency performance. The addition of new View Synthesis Prediction (VSP) modes to the MVC encoding framework improves the compression efficiency of MVC. However, te

关键词： multiview video coding 3D video video Compression video coding MVC 3D video coding

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A Fast Encoding Algorithm for multiview video coding

A Fast Encoding Algorithm for Multiview Video Coding

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3rd International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application

作者： Peng, Zongju Yu, Mei Jiang, Gangyi Ningbo Univ Fac Informat Sci & Engn Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769538594

Huge computational complexity of encoding multiview color video is one of the main challenges of putting 3D video systems into practical use. A fast encoding algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm combines a fast macroblock mode selection method and a fast prediction direction determination method. The fast macroblock mode selection method utilizes the macroblock modes of the corresponding macroblock and the macroblocks which surrounding it. The fast prediction direction determination method directly makes use of prediction direction of the corresponding macroblock. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed fast algorithm promotes the encoding speed by 2.65 similar to 8.61 times in comparison with JMVM, while the algorithm hardly influences the RD performance.

关键词： multiview video coding Mode selection Prediction direction Fast algorithm

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GOP-Flexible Distributed multiview video coding with Adaptive Side Information

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2nd International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence: Technologies and Applications

作者： Meng, Lili Zhao, Yao Pan, Jeng-Shyang Bai, Huihui Wang, Anhong Beijing Jiaotong Univ Inst Informat Sci Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung Taiwan Taiyuan Univ Sci & Technol Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642166952

A GOP-flexible multiview video coding (MVC) scheme based on Wyner-Ziv (WZ) coding with adaptive side information (SI) is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, each view is WZ encoded independently at the encoder side, while the views are jointly decoded at the decoder side. Therefore, the communications of different cameras can be avoided at the encoder side. In WZ coding, SPIHT and LDPC are applied to improve compression efficiency. Meanwhile, a flexible MVC structure which can satisfy different bit rate requirements and an adaptive SI selection mechanism which better utilizes temporal and interview correlations to obtain more accurate SI are proposed. The experimental results show better rate-distortion performance of the proposed scheme than other tested schemes.

关键词： Wyner-Ziv coding multiview video coding side information

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AN IMPROVED RATE-DISTORTION MODEL FOR multiview video coding

AN IMPROVED RATE-DISTORTION MODEL FOR MULTIVIEW VIDEO CODING

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Xiu, Xiaoyu Liang, Jie Simon Fraser Univ Sch Engn Sci Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479948

An improved rate-distortion model is developed to compare the performances of different multiview video coding (MVC) schemes. We first formulate the coding efficiency of one frame with a given temporal and inter-view prediction configuration. The overall performance of a MVC scheme is then obtained by averaging the coding efficiencies of all frames in all views, with different prediction configurations. We then apply the model to evaluate the theoretical performances of various MVC schemes, including the motion and disparity estimation-based MVC, the rectified view interpolation-based MVC, and the rectified view extrapolation-based MVC. The findings of these theoretical studies agree well with the experimental results.

关键词： Rate distortion theory multiview video coding view interpolation view extrapolation

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A low energy adaptive motion estimation hardware for H.264 multiview video coding

A low energy adaptive motion estimation hardware for H.264 m...

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作者： Aksehir, Yusuf Erdayandi, Kamil Ozcan, Tevfik Zafer Hamzaoglu, Ilker Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Tuzla Istanbul34956 Turkey

multiview video coding (MVC) is the process of efficiently compressing stereo (two views) or multiview video signals. The improved compression efficiency achieved by H.264 MVC comes with a significant increase in computational complexity. Temporal prediction and inter-view prediction are the most computationally intensive parts of H.264 MVC. Therefore, in this paper, we propose novel techniques for reducing the amount of computations performed by temporal and inter-view predictions in H.264 MVC. The proposed techniques reduce the amount of computations performed by temporal and inter-view predictions significantly with very small PSNR loss and bit rate increase. We also propose a low energy adaptive H.264 MVC motion estimation hardware for implementing the temporal and inter-view predictions including the proposed computation reduction techniques. The proposed hardware is implemented in Verilog HDL and mapped to a Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA. The FPGA implementation is capable of processing 30 × 8 = 240 frames per second (fps) of CIF (352 × 288) size eight view video sequence or 30 × 2 = 60 fps of VGA (640 × 480) size stereo (two views) video sequence. The proposed techniques reduce the energy consumption of this hardware significantly. © 2013, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： FPGA H.264 Hardware implementation Motion estimation multiview video coding

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Fast prediction algorithm for multiview video coding

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2013年第3期52卷 037401-037401页

作者： Abdelazim, Abdelrahman Mein, Stephen James Varley, Martin Roy Ait-Boudaoud, Djamel Amer Univ Middle East Egaila Area 15453 Dasman Kuwait Univ Cent Lancashire Sch Comp Engn & Phys Sci Preston PR1 2HE Lancs England Univ Portsmouth Portsmouth PO1 3AH Hants England

The H.264/multiview video coding (MVC) standard has been developed to enable efficient coding for three-dimensional and multiple viewpoint video sequences. The inter-view statistical dependencies are utilized and an inter-view prediction is employed to provide more efficient coding;however, this increases the overall encoding complexity. Motion homogeneity is exploited here to selectively enable inter-view prediction, and to reduce complexity in the motion estimation (ME) and the mode selection processes. This has been accomplished by defining situations that relate macro-blocks' motion characteristics to the mode selection and the inter-view prediction processes. When comparing the proposed algorithm to the H.264/MVC reference software and other recent work, the experimental results demonstrate a significant reduction in ME time while maintaining similar rate-distortion performance. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) [DOI: 10.1117/***.52.3.037401]

关键词： multiview video coding motion estimation video compression mode decision

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Inter-view prediction of intra mode decision for high-efficiency video coding-based multiview video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2014年第3期23卷 033008-033008页

作者： da Silva, Thaisa Leal Agostini, Luciano Volcan da Silva Cruz, Luis A. Univ Coimbra Dept Elect & Comp Engn P-3030290 Coimbra Portugal Univ Coimbra Dept Elect & Comp Engn Inst Telecomunicacoes P-3030290 Coimbra Portugal Univ Fed Pelotas Ctr Technol Dev BR-96010610 Pelotas Brazil

Intra prediction is a very important tool in current video coding standards. High-efficiency video coding (HEVC) intra prediction presents relevant gains in encoding efficiency when compared to previous standards, but with a very important increase in the computational complexity since 33 directional angular modes must be evaluated. Motivated by this high complexity, this article presents a complexity reduction algorithm developed to reduce the HEVC intra mode decision complexity targeting multiview videos. The proposed algorithm presents an efficient fast intra prediction compliant with singleview and multiview video encoding. This fast solution defines a reduced subset of intra directions according to the video texture and it exploits the relationship between prediction units (PUs) of neighbor depth levels of the coding tree. This fast intra coding procedure is used to develop an inter-view prediction method, which exploits the relationship between the intra mode directions of adjacent views to further accelerate the intra prediction process in multiview video encoding applications. When compared to HEVC simulcast, our method achieves a complexity reduction of up to 47.77%, at the cost of an average BD-PSNR loss of 0.08 dB. (C) 2014 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： high-efficiency video coding multiview video coding intra coding inter-view prediction complexity reduction

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multiview video coding method with adaptive selection of reference frame modes

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Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao/Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics 2007年第9期19卷 1132-1137页

作者： He, Renlong Jiang, Gangyi Fu, Randi Yu, Mei Faculty of Information Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China National Laboratory on Machine Perception Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Based on analysis on the correlations of multi-view video, the concept of independent slice is introduced, and a multiview video coding method with adaptive selection of reference frame modes is proposed. The introduction of independent slice and adaptive selection of reference frame modes greatly contribute to the increase of coding efficiency as well as the reduction of computational complexity of the method. In addition, the proposed method combines many MVC prediction schemes and is able to dynamically select suitable coding mode according to the user's decision. Experimental results show that the proposed multiview video coding method can effectively reduce the computational complexity and improve the random access performance while maintaining high coding efficiency.

关键词： Computational complexity Correlations of multiview video Independent slice multiview video coding Reference frame mode

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A robust fusion method for multiview distributed video coding

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2014年第1期2014卷 1-16页

作者： Salmistraro, Matteo Ascenso, Joao Brites, Catarina Forchhammer, Soren Tech Univ Denmark DTU Fotonik DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark Inst Super Tecn P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal

Distributed video coding (DVC) is a coding paradigm which exploits the redundancy of the source (video) at the decoder side, as opposed to predictive coding, where the encoder leverages the redundancy. To exploit the correlation between views, multiview predictive video codecs require the encoder to have the various views available simultaneously. However, in multiview DVC (M-DVC), the decoder can still exploit the redundancy between views, avoiding the need for inter-camera communication. The key element of every DVC decoder is the side information (SI), which can be generated by leveraging intra-view or inter-view redundancy for multiview video data. In this paper, a novel learning-based fusion technique is proposed, which is able to robustly fuse an inter-view SI and an intra-view (temporal) SI. An inter-view SI generation method capable of identifying occluded areas is proposed and is coupled with a robust fusion system able to improve the quality of the fused SI along the decoding process through a learning process using already decoded data. We shall here take the approach to fuse the estimated distributions of the SIs as opposed to a conventional fusion algorithm based on the fusion of pixel values. The proposed solution is able to achieve gains up to 0.9 dB in Bjontegaard difference when compared with the best-performing (in a RD sense) single SI DVC decoder, chosen as the best of an inter-view and a temporal SI-based decoder one.

关键词： Distributed video coding multiview video coding Side information fusion Learning

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PERCEPTUAL multiview video coding BASED ON FOVEATED JUST NOTICEABLE DISTORTION PROFILE IN DCT DOMAIN

PERCEPTUAL MULTIVIEW VIDEO CODING BASED ON FOVEATED JUST NOT...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Xiwu Shang Yongfang Wang Lidong Luo Zhaoyang Zhang School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China Key Lab. of Advance Display and System Application Ministry of Education Shanghai University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923427

Recently just noticeable distortion (JND) has been highly successful in improving the video coding efficiency. Foveated JND (FJND) is an extension of the JND by further exploiting the human vision characteristic. However, there is a challenge to quickly estimate the foveation point and accurately combine the foveation factor with the spatio-temporal JND model of DCT domain for FJND. In this paper, a new FJND model in DCT domain is proposed, which adaptively searches the foveation point by exploiting the property of image signature and builds a foveation model based on the contrast threshold. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposal model remarkably reduces the complexity of FJND in searching foveation. In a number of video coding experiments, we find that, in terms of coding efficiency, the proposed perceptual coding based on FJND for multiview video coding (MVC) significantly outperforms the existing algorithm.

关键词： just noticeable distortion foveation multiview video coding

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