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SCA-LDPC: A Code-Based Framework for Key-Recovery Side-Channel Attacks on post-quantum Encryption Schemes 29th

SCA-LDPC: A Code-Based Framework for Key-Recovery Side-Chann...

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29th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security (ASIACRYPT)

作者： Guo, Qian Nabokov, Denis Nilsson, Alexander Johansson, Thomas Lund Univ Dept Elect & Informat Technol Lund Sweden Advenica AB Malmo Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9789819987290;9789819987306

Whereas theoretical attacks on standardized cryptographic primitives rarely lead to actual practical attacks, the situation is different for side-channel attacks. Improvements in the performance of side-channel attacks are of utmost importance. In this paper, we propose a framework to be used in key-recovery side-channel attacks on CCA-secure post-quantum encryption schemes. The basic idea is to construct chosen ciphertext queries to a plaintext checking oracle that collects information on a set of secret variables in a single query. Then a large number of such queries is considered, each related to a different set of secret variables, and they are modeled as a low-density parity-check code (LDPC code). Secret variables are finally determined through efficient iterative decoding methods, such as belief propagation, using soft information. The utilization of LDPC codes offers efficient decoding, source coding, and error correction benefits. It has been demonstrated that this approach provides significant improvements compared to previous work by reducing the required number of queries, such as the number of traces in a power attack. The framework is demonstrated and implemented in two different cases. On one hand, we attack implementations of HQC in a timing attack, lowering the number of required traces considerably compared to attacks in previous work. On the other hand, we describe and implement a full attack on a masked implementation of Kyber using power analysis. Using the ChipWhisperer evaluation platform, our real-world attacks recover the long-term secret key of a first-order masked implementation of Kyber-768 with an average of only 12 power traces.

关键词： Lattice-based cryptography code-based cryptography side-channel attacks nist post-quantum cryptography standardization low-density parity-check codes

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Faster Dual Lattice Attacks for Solving LWE with Applications to CRYSTALS 1

引用

27th Annual International Conference on Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security

作者： Guo, Qian Johansson, Thomas Lund Univ Dept Elect & Informat Technol POB 118 S-22100 Lund Sweden

ISBN: (数字)9783030920685

ISBN: (纸本)9783030920685;9783030920678

Cryptosystems based on the learning with errors (LWE) problem are assigned a security level that relates to the cost of generic algorithms for solving the LWE problem. This includes at least the socalled primal and dual lattice attacks. In this paper, we present an improvement of the dual lattice attack using an idea that can be traced back to work by Bleichenbacher. We present an improved distinguisher that in combination with a guessing step shows a reduction in the overall complexity for the dual attack on all schemes. Our second contribution is a new two-step lattice reduction strategy that allows the new dual lattice attack to exploit two recent techniques in lattice reduction algorithms, i.e., the "dimensions for free" trick and the trick of producing many short vectors in one sieving. Since the incompatibility of these two tricks was believed to be the main reason that dual attacks are less interesting, our new reduction strategy allows more efficient dual approaches than primal attacks, for important cryptographic parameter sets. We apply the proposed attacks on CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium, two of the finalists in the nist post-quantum cryptography project and present new lower complexity numbers, both classically and quantumly in the core-SVP model. Most importantly, for the proposed security parameters, our new dual attack with refined lattice reduction strategy greatly improves the state-of-the-art primal attack in the classical gate-count metric, i.e., the classical Random Access Machine (RAM) model, indicating that some parameters are really on the edge for their claimed security level. Specifically, the improvement factor can be as large as 15 bits for Kyber1024 with an extrapolation model (Albrecht et al. at Eurocrypt 2019). Also, we show that Kyber768 could be solved with classical gate complexity below its claimed security level. Last, we apply the new attack to the proposed parameters in a draft version of Homomorphic Encryption Standard

关键词： Lattice-based cryptography nist post-quantum cryptography standardization Dual attacks CRYSTALS Learning with errors Fast fourier transform Fully homomorphic encryption

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