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Stochastic Analysis of the LMS and nlms algorithms for Cyclostationary White Gaussian Inputs

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2014年第9期62卷 2238-2249页

作者： Bershad, Neil J. Eweda, Eweda Bermudez, Jose C. M. Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Newport Beach CA 92660 USA Natl Knowledge Ctr Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Univ Fed Santa Catarina Dept Elect Engn BR-88040900 Florianopolis SC Brazil

This paper studies the stochastic behavior of the LMS and nlms algorithms for a system identification framework when the input signal is a cyclostationary white Gaussian process. The input cyclostationary signal is modeled by a white Gaussian random process with periodically time-varying power. Mathematical models are derived for the mean and mean-square-deviation (MSD) behavior of the adaptive weights with the input cyclostationarity. These models are also applied to the non-stationary system with a random walk variation of the optimal weights. Monte Carlo simulations of the two algorithms provide strong support for the theory. Finally, the performance of the two algorithms is compared for a variety of scenarios.

关键词： Adaptive filters analysis LMS algorithm nlms algorithm stochastic algorithms

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Variable partial-update nlms algorithms with data-selective updating

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2014年第4期57卷 42-52页

作者： ZHU FengChao GAO FeiFei YAO MinLi ZOU HongXing Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Department of AutomationTsinghua University High-Tech Institute of Xi'an

We note that some existing algorithms are based on the normalized least-mean square(nlms)algorithm and aim to reduce the computational complexity of nlms all inherited from the solution of the same optimization problem,but with different constraints.A new constraint is analyzed to substitute an extra searching technique in the set-membership partial-update nlms algorithm(SM-PU-nlms)which aims to get a variable number of updating coefficients for a further reduction of computational *** get a closed form expression of the new constraint without extra searching technique to generate a novel set-membership variable-partial-update nlms(SM-VPU-nlms)*** that the SM-VPU-nlms algorithm obtains a faster convergence and a smaller mean-squared error(MSE)than the existing *** is pointed out that the closed form expression can also be applied to the conventional variable-step-size partial-update nlms(VSS-PU-nlms)*** novel variable-step-size variable-partial-update nlms(VSS-VPU-nlms)algorithm is also verified to get a further computational complexity *** results verify that our analysis is reasonable and effective.

关键词： adaptive filter nlms algorithm date-selective partial update set-membership filtering computational complexity

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Stochastic Analysis of the LMS and nlms algorithms for Cyclostationary White Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Inputs

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2018年第18期66卷 4753-4765页

作者： Eweda, Eweda Bershad, Neil J. Bermudez, Jose Carlos M. C4 Adv Solut Abu Dhabi 128627 U Arab Emirates Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Irvine CA 92660 USA Univ Fed Santa Catarina Dept Elect Engn BR-88040900 Florianopolis SC Brazil

This paper studies the stochastic behavior of the LMS and nlms algorithms in a system identification framework for a cyclostationary white input without assuming a Gaussian distribution for the input. The input cyclostationary signal is modeled by a white random process with periodically time-varying power. The system parameters vary according to a random-walk. Mathematical models are derived for the mean and mean-square-deviation behavior of the adaptive weights as a function of the input cyclostationarity. Analytical models are first derived for the LMS and nlms algorithms for cyclostationary white inputs. These models show the dependence of the two algorithms upon the kurtosis of the input. Significant differences are found between the behaviors of the two algorithms when the analysis is applied to non-Gaussian cases. Monte Carlo simulations provide strong support for the theory.

关键词： Adaptive filters analysis LMS algorithm nlms algorithm stochastic algorithms non-Gaussian processes

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An Approach to Implement LMS and nlms Adaptive Noise Cancellation algorithm in Frequency domain 5

An Approach to Implement LMS and NLMS Adaptive Noise Cancell...

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5th International Conference on Confluence - The Next Generation Information Technology Summit (Confluence)

作者： Nagal, Rachana Kumar, Pradeep Bansal, Poonam ASET Dept ECE ICE New Delhi India Amity Univ ASET Dept ECE Noida India MSIT Dept CSE Dept New Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479942367

This paper presents the implementation of adaptive algorithms like Least Mean Square (LMS) and Normalized Least Mean Square (nlms) in the frequency domain and their comparison to that implemented in the time domain. Adaptive filtering using adaptive algorithm in frequency domain can be done by taking Fourier Transform of input signal and independent weigh coefficient. By frequency domain approach significant reduction in mathematical computation has been achieved. An expression for updating the weights is implemented in the frequency domain and statistical analysis has been performed. The SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) is a parameter used to evaluate the performance with different step size. The signal power and noise power has also been calculated using MATLAB. The SNR of output signal rises about 8-9 times in frequency domain than the time domain.

关键词： LMS algorithm nlms algorithm Time Domain Frequency Domain SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

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A New Variable Step-Size nlms Adaptive Filtering algorithm

A New Variable Step-Size NLMS Adaptive Filtering Algorithm

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International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ITA)

作者： Li, Minchao Xi, Xiaoli Xian Univ Technol Sch Automat & Informat Engn Xian Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928767

There is a contradiction in classical adaptive filtering algorithm that fast convergence speed comparing with low steady state error. In order to improve this contradiction, this paper presents a new non-parametric Variable Step-Size nlms algorithm. The new algorithm uses gradient vector's features to achieve the step iteration and a certain approximation process was made for it. Software simulation and hardware implementation verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.

关键词： adaptive filtering nlms algorithm variable step-size spatial filtering

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Research on position tracking control of electro-hydraulic actuator system combining feedforward inverse model controller and exponential functional link network adaptive controller

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2025年第3期239卷 643-658页

作者： Liao, Lianjie Sang, Yong Chen, Tao Jiang, Luming Liu, Jiakuo Dalian Univ Technol State Key Lab High Performance Precis Mfg 2 Linggong Rd Dalian 116023 Peoples R China

The electro-hydraulic actuator system plays a crucial role in indoor high-frequency simulation experiments. Many components of the system exhibit unavoidable nonlinear characteristics, which reduce its dynamic position response capability. Additionally, most algorithms are unsuitable for practical high-frequency conditions due to either local instability or high computational complexity. To improve position tracking accuracy under high-frequency control, a novel combined control strategy is proposed, integrating an appropriate feedforward inverse model controller (FFIMC) with an exponential functional link network adaptive controller (EFLNAC). Initially, the system has reached a stable state under the action of the PID controller. Subsequently, the FFIMC estimates both the model and the inverse model of the PID system by applying the AIC technique developed through the DCT-VSSnlms adaptive algorithm, which extends the system's bandwidth. Following this, the EFLNAC, as the outermost loop, acquires the inverse model of the FFIMC system and updates internal parameters in real-time, thereby enhancing the system's resistance to nonlinear disturbances. Finally, the combined controller is validated through simulations and experiments under various working conditions. The results show a significant increase in the PID system's bandwidth and demonstrate that the tracking error of the signal is maintained within 0.079mm. Therefore, the combined controller proves to be an effective solution for high-precision, high-frequency displacement tracking, offering the advantages of low computational complexity, high accuracy, and strong effectiveness.

关键词： Electro-hydraulic actuator system position control nlms algorithm feedforward inverse model control adaptive control

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On the Sparsity-Aware Partial-Update nlms algorithms for UWB Channel Estimation 4

On the Sparsity-Aware Partial-Update NLMS Algorithms for UWB...

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IEEE 2015 International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA)

作者： Nunoo, Solomon Ngah, Razali Chude-Okonkwo, Uche A. K. Elijah, Olakunle Orikumhi, Igbafe Leow, Chee Yen Univ Teknol Malaysia Wireless Commun Ctr Johor Baharu Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989966

Partial updating of filter coefficients is an effective method for reducing computational load and power consumption in adaptive filter implementation. In this paper, we present a class of MMax partial update nlms algorithms suitable for estimating UWB channels, whose characteristics have shown to vary between highly sparse and dense depending on the channel environment under consideration and the measured bandwidth. Simulation results show improved performance of the proposed algorithms in terms of convergence speed, and computational complexity.

关键词： compressive sensing nlms algorithm sparse channel estimation ultra wideband

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Modified LMS and nlms algorithms with a new variable step size

Modified LMS and NLMS algorithms with a new variable step si...

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9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision

作者： Zhao Shengkui Man Zhihong Khoo Suiyang Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Engn Nanyang Ave Singapore 639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781424403417

In this paper, the modified LMS and nlms algorithms with variable step-size are presented. It is shown that the variable step size is computed using a ratio of the sums of weighted energy of the output error with two exponential factors alpha and beta, thus the fast error convergence of the modified LMS and NILMS algorithms can then be achieved. Also, by properly choosing the values of alpha and beta, the misadjustment can be further improved. A few simulation results are presented in support of the good performance of the proposed algorithms by comparing with other LMS-type algorithms.

关键词： LMS algorithm nlms algorithm variable step-size

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Fixed-Point nlms and IPnlms VLSI Architectures for Accurate FECG and FHR Processing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021年第5期15卷 898-911页

作者： da Costa, Patricia Ucker Paim, Guilherme Giacomini Rocha, Leandro Mateus Cesar da Costa, Eduardo Antonio Melo de Almeida, Sergio Jose Bampi, Sergio Catholic Univ Pelotas UCPel BR-96015560 Pelotas RS Brazil Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol IFRS BR-99170000 Sertao Brazil Fed Univ Rio Grande Sul UFRGS PGMICRO BR-91509900 Porto Alegre RS Brazil

Capturing signals without noise and interference while monitoring the maternal abdomen's fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) is a challenging task. This method can provide fetal monitoring for long hours, not harming the pregnant woman or the fetus. Such non-invasive FECG raw signal suffers from various interference sources as the bio-electric maternal potentials include her ECG component. Therefore, a critical step in the non-invasive FECG is to design the filtering of components derived from the maternal ECG. There is an increasing demand for portable devices to extract a pure FECG signal and to detect fetal heart rate (FHR) with precision. Dedicated CMOS architectures enable higher energy efficiency in portable devices. This paper proposes VLSI architectures dedicated to FECG extraction and FHR processing. Fixed-point architectures for the FECG detection exploring the nlms (normalized least mean square), IPnlms (improved proportional nlms), and three different division VLSI CMOS architectures are designed herein. An architecture based on the Pan-Tompkins algorithm that processes the FECG for extracting the FHR, extending the functionally of the system, is also proposed. The results show that the nlms and IPnlms based architectures effectively detect the R-peaks of FECG with a detection accuracy of 92.86% and 93.75%, respectively. The synthesis results shows that our nlms architecture proposal saves 13.3 % energy, due to a reduction of 279 clock cycles, compared to the state of the art. On the other hand, the IPnlms algorithm results in +0.89% detection accuracy at the price of 42% additional energy consumption w.r.t nlms.

关键词： Mathematical models Signal to noise ratio Very large scale integration Pregnancy Fetus Fetal heart rate Electrocardiography FECG signal FHR signal hardware architectures nlms algorithm IPnlms algorithm

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On the Sparsity-Aware Partial-Update nlms algorithms for UWB Channel Estimation

On the Sparsity-Aware Partial-Update NLMS Algorithms for UWB...

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IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications

作者： Solomon Nunoo Razali Ngah Uche A. K. Chude-Okonkwo Olakunle Elijah Igbafe Orikumhi Chee Yen Leow Wireless Communication Centre Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989973

关键词： compressive sensing nlms algorithm sparse channel estimation ultra wideband Ultra wideband technologies Compressed sensing channel estimation Filter coefficient

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