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System flow centrality index for evaluating the influence of a given system element in a network graph

EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2025年 274卷

作者： Efrati, Shlomi Reich, Yoram Tel Aviv Univ Sch Mech Engn IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

This paper introduces a novel System Flow Centrality (SFC) index for evaluating node importance in network graphs, with a specific focus on system architecture analysis. Unlike traditional centrality measures such as betweenness centrality (BC), the SFC index considers all system paths and cycles, providing a more comprehensive assessment of a node's influence within the network. We present both a basic SFC algorithm and an enhanced version that incorporates system element classification, allowing for more nuanced analysis of component properties. The proposed index is validated through application to various network topologies, including common IEEE bus system configurations and a real-world medical motor driver architecture. Comparative analysis with established centrality measures demonstrates the SFC index's superior performance in identifying critical nodes, particularly in complex and asymmetric network structures. The SFC index shows promise as a valuable tool for multidisciplinary project teams, offering potential benefits in risk assessment, resource allocation, quality management optimization, and decision-making processes across diverse applications. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on network analysis and system architecture evaluation, providing a more accurate and system-oriented approach to quantifying node importance in complex networks.

关键词： Graph Theory network architecture and design System architecture Integration and modeling

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Architectural Exploration for Waferscale Switching System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS 2025年第2期33卷 512-524页

作者： Wan, Zhiquan Cao, Zhipeng Li, Shunbin Li, Peijie Deng, Qingwen Wang, Weihao Zhang, Kun Liu, Guandong Zhang, Ruyun Liu, Qinrang Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang Peoples R China Peoples Liberat Army Strateg Support Force Informa Inst Informat Technol Zhengzhou 450003 Henan Peoples R China

mymargin2 With the end of Moore's law and Dennard scaling, waferscale systems or processors that integrate multiple pre-tested known good dies (KGDs) on a waferscale-interposer are new approaches to further improve the chiplet-based system's performance. This article explores the network on wafer (NoW) architecture of waferscale switching system under several physical constraints. A software-based approach is proposed to redefine the topological property. A five-level butterfly fat-tree (BFT)-like logical topology with 8.96-Tb/s (896 ports $\times$ 10 Gb/s/port) switching bandwidth is achieved based on 2-D-mesh-like physical topology. We show that the proposed BFT-like topology with breadth-first-search (BFS) based traffic balanced routing algorithm reduces 55.6% hops, 41.4% transmission delay, and improves 24.2% throughput compared to 2-D-mesh-like topology under different traffic distributions. This BFT-like waferscale switching system is suitable for high-performance computing and data centers. In addition, the numerical analysis shows that the waferscale package can provide significant power efficiency and latency advantages compared to the typical single-chip package, which mainly benefits from the short-reach IO requirements. Note that the proposed waferscale switching system is compatible with high-switch-capacity dies with advanced process technology, which can further improve system performance. Finally, we present the physical implementations for the waferscale system with heterogeneous dies.

关键词： Topology Switching systems Routing Bonding Optical switches Integrated circuit interconnections Chiplets Chiplet network architecture and design on-wafer interconnect networks routing algorithm waferscale system

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Optimal Service Provisioning in Mobile 5G and Beyond Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING 2023年第4期16卷 2841-2854页

作者： Manolopoulos, Alexandros-Ioannis Anastasopoulos, Markos P. Alevizaki, Victoria-Maria Tzanakaki, Anna Natl Kapodistrian Univ Athens Dept Phys Athens 15772 Greece

One of the fundamental challenges that needs to be addressed in 5G and beyond systems relates with delivery of demanding uninterrupted services to mobile users. In this context, this paper provides an overview of relevant architectural options taking into consideration user mobility requirements and proposes suitable resource allocation schemes to enable optimal service provisioning under mobility considerations. The proposed schemes are evaluated through a purposely developed multistage optimization framework. This evaluation framework facilitates optimal placement of network and compute resources minimizing the associated infrastructure operational costs. Our results have been produced using real user mobility statistics as well as lab based profiling measurements of the 5G infrastructure and provide a detailed trade-off analysis between latency and infrastructure related costs indicating optimal operational points for different scenarios.

关键词： Mobile communication systems mobile computing network architecture and design optimization

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Age-Dependent Distributed MAC for Ultra-Dense Wireless networks

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON networkING 2023年第4期31卷 1674-1687页

作者： Narasimha, Dheeraj Shakkottai, Srinivas Ying, Lei Texas A&M Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA Univ Michigan Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

We consider an ultra-dense wireless network with $N$ channels and $M = N$ devices. Messages with fresh information are generated at each device according to a random process and need to be transmitted to an access point. The value of a message decreases as it ages, so each device searches for an idle channel to transmit the message as soon as it can. However, each channel probing is associated with a fixed cost (energy), so a device needs to adapt its probing rate based on the "age" of the message. At each device, the design of the optimal probing strategy can be formulated as an infinite horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP) where the devices compete with each other to find idle channels. While it is natural to view the system as a Bayesian game, it is often intractable to analyze such a system. Thus, we use the Mean Field Game (MFG) approach to analyze the system in a large-system regime, where the number of devices is very large, to understand the structure of the problem and to find efficient probing strategies. We present an analysis based on the MFG perspective. We begin by characterizing the space of valid policies and use this to show the existence of a Mean Field Nash Equilibrium (MFNE) in a constrained set for any general increasing cost functions with diminishing rewards. Further we provide an algorithm for computing the equilibrium for any given device, and the corresponding age-dependent channel probing policy.

关键词： Games Protocols Wireless sensor networks Steady-state Delays Computational modeling Wireless networks Distributed networks network architecture and design network protocols

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Traffic-Aware Resource Allocation for Multi-User Beamforming

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2023年第6期22卷 3677-3690页

作者： Liu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Kate Ching-Ju Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan

5G New Radio (NR), a new radio access technology, has been proposed to enhance the flexibility, scalability, and efficiency of 5G networks. By leveraging phased-array antennas, a base station (BS) can adaptively form multiple directional beams to serve geo-distributed user equipments (UEs) concurrently. However, the imperfect beam pattern of a phased-array antenna may create side lobes, leading to inter-beam interference. While recent efforts have focused on beam selection that mitigates inter-beam interference and maximizes the sum-rate, we notice that the selected beams may not be fully utilized in an OFDMA-based system. The root cause is that only a fixed set of beams can be configured at a time to serve a wide frequency band but some resource blocks (i.e., subcarriers) may not be able to be allocated to any UEs due to limited traffic demands. To address the above resource underutilization problem, this paper presents traffic-aware joint beam configuration and resource allocation, which explicitly considers user traffic demands and configures beams that can optimally utilize the spectrum resources. We derive an approximation model that produces a suboptimal solution solvable by open-source solvers and further develop a low-complexity greedy algorithm for large-scale networks. Our simulation results show that the proposed traffic-aware allocation and beam configuration scheme achieves better utilization, especially when users have heterogeneous traffic demands. The overall effective throughput can be significantly enhanced as compared to conventional sum-rate maximization allocation.

关键词： network architecture and design communication/networking and information technology computer systems organization wireless communication network architecture and design

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Accelerating Reads With In-network Consistency-Aware Load Balancing

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON networkING 2022年第3期30卷 954-968页

作者： Kettaneh, Ibrahim Alquraan, Ahmed Takruri, Hatem Mashtizadeh, Ali Jose Al-Kiswany, Samer Univ Waterloo David R Cheriton Sch Comp Sci Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

We present FLAIR, a novel approach for accelerating read operations in leader-based consensus protocols. FLAIR leverages the capabilities of the new generation of programmable switches to serve reads from follower replicas without compromising consistency. The core of the new approach is a packet-processing pipeline that can track client requests and system replies, identify consistent replicas, and at line speed, forward read requests to replicas that can serve the read without sacrificing linearizability. An additional benefit of FLAIR is that it facilitates devising novel consistency-aware load balancing techniques. Following the new approach, we designed FlairKV, a key-value store atop Raft. FlairKV implements the processing pipeline using the P4 programming language. We evaluate the benefits of the proposed approach and compare it to previous approaches using a cluster with a Barefoot Tofino switch. Our evaluation indicates that, compared to state-of-the-art alternatives, the proposed approach can bring significant performance gains: up to 42% higher throughput and 35-97% lower latency for most workloads. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that our novel load balancing techniques can cope with heterogeneous load and hardware to achieve higher performance, and that FLAIR can scale to support large data sets and clusters.

关键词： Protocols Pipelines Load management Metadata Throughput Registers Indexes Distributed systems load balancing and task assignment network architecture and design reliability

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How to decentralize the internet: A focus on data consolidation and user privacy

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COMPUTER networkS 2023年第1期234卷

作者： Kwon, Ted Taekyoung Song, Junghwan Jung, Heeyoung Chun, Selin Lee, Hyunwoo Kang, Minhyeok Park, Minkyung Cho, Eunsang Seoul Natl Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul South Korea Elect & Telecommun Res Inst 218 Gajeong Ro Daejeon South Korea Purdue Univ Dept Comp Sci Lawson 2142U W Lafayette IN 47906 USA Presto 10th Floor174 Donggyo Ro Seoul South Korea

Over the years, the Internet has become a field in which a small number of large Internet companies dominate most of the Internet services. As users get used to using their services, the users' generated content and the data about their online behaviors are concentrated in such companies. This phenomenon, called "data consolidation", has become a serious problem, which makes the Internet society seek to decentralize the current Internet. The decentralized Internet aims to (i) prevent the concentration of user data in a few giant companies like Google and Facebook, and (ii) give users full ownership and control of their data. Various technical solutions that address the data consolidation problem have been proposed;however, those solutions focus on somewhat different scopes of the problem often from their limited viewpoints. The main contributions in this paper are the following. First, we survey the solutions relevant to Internet decentralization based on the following criteria: data consolidation, data ownership, and the privacy of user data. Second, we suggest a holistic reference framework from a functional viewpoint, while the prior proposals in the literature handle a limited set of requirements. Last, we seek to identify remaining research issues, considering additional requirements that have not been addressed in the existing solutions.

关键词： Privacy Internet network architecture and design Distributed networks

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Reconfigurable on-chip interconnection networks for high performance embedded SoC design

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS architecture 2020年 106卷 101711-101711页

作者： Oveis-Gharan, Masoud Khan, Gul N. Ryerson Univ Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn 350 Victoria St Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada

System on Chip (SoC) based embedded devices are providing key solutions to meet the demands of current and future high-performance embedded applications. These solutions become critical when the SoC IC designs are affected by the limitation of sub nanometer technologies that cannot be shrunk further. network on Chip (NoC) is a scalable communication system that can provide efficient solutions for on-chip interconnection problems of SoCs such as re-configurability for multiple embedded applications. Most of the reconfigurable NoCs presented in the past improve performance of SoC at the expense of higher power and additional hardware. In this paper, we present a novel high-performance re-configurable NoC architecture that can improve the performance along with similar or improved power requirements of the system for different SoC applications. The proposed NoC architecture can also be considered as a hard IP for future partially configurable FPGA devices. Simulation and experimental results of our approach are compared with the recent on-chip interconnection approaches that supports our claim.

关键词： Reconfigurable on-chip networks NoC router Router and switch layers High-performance NoCs network architecture and design

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A Dataflow-Oriented Programming Interface for Named Data networking

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2018年第1期33卷 158-168页

作者： Li-Jing Wang Yong-Qiang Lv Ilya Moiseenko Dong-Sheng Wang Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Computer Science Department University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 U.S.A.

Inheriting from a data-driven communication pattern other than a location-driven pattern, named data net- working （NDN） offers better support to network-layer dataflow. However, the application developers have to handle complex tasks, such as data segmentation, packet verification, and flow control, due to the lack of proper transport-layer protocols over the network layer. In this study, we design a dataflow-oriented programming interface to provide transport strategies for NDN, which greatly improves the efficiency in developing applications. This interface presents two application data unit; （ADU） retrieval strategies according to different data publishing patterns, in which it adopts an adaptive ADU pipelining algorithm to control the dataflow based on the current network status and data generation rate. The interface also offers network measurement strategies to monitor an abundance of critical metrics infuencing the application performance. We verify the functionality and performance of our interface by implementing a video streaming application spanning 11 time zones over the worldwide NDN testbed. Our experiments show that the interface can efficiently support developing high-performance and dataflow-driven NDN applications.

关键词： named data networking （NDN） dataflow network architecture and design transport-layer protocol

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Towards an FPGA-Accelerated programmable data path for edge-to-core communications in 5G networks

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JOURNAL OF network AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2018年第Dec.期124卷 80-93页

作者： Ricart-Sanchez, Ruben Malagon, Pedro Salva-Garcia, Pablo Perez, Enrique Chirivella Wang, Qi Calero, Jose M. Alcaraz Univ West Scotland Sch Engn & Comp Paisley PA1 2BE Renfrew Scotland Univ Politecn Madrid Embedded Syst Lab E-28040 Madrid Spain

The Fifth-Generation (5G) networks, as the emerging next generation mobile networks, are adopting softwarization and virtualization technologies as the cornerstones for the network operators to gain significant competitive advantages by reducing both capital and operational expenditure, enabling agile and flexible service creation and deployment, among others. Meanwhile, a virtualized and softwarized 5G network would suffer from downgraded system performance due to this unprecedented paradigm shift towards software-based networking. Addressing one of the top challenges in this context, this paper focuses on improving the performance of the data plane from the edge to the core network segment (backhaul) in a 5G multi-tenant network by leveraging and exploring the programmability introduced by software-based networking. A fully functional prototype has been designed and implemented utilizing a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA5) acceleration-based platform, and the proto-typed system has been empirically tested and evaluated to demonstrate the superior performance enhancements. The proposed solution can effectively support 5G networks in delivering mission-critical or time-sensitive applications such as ultra-high definition video use cases as experimentally validated and shown in this paper, by fulfilling the strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements imposed to the data plane.

关键词： Data path FPGA 5G Mobile edge computing Reconfigurable hardware network architecture and design

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