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Optimal Service Provisioning in Mobile 5G and Beyond Systems

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING 2023年第4期16卷 2841-2854页

作者： Manolopoulos, Alexandros-Ioannis Anastasopoulos, Markos P. Alevizaki, Victoria-Maria Tzanakaki, Anna Natl Kapodistrian Univ Athens Dept Phys Athens 15772 Greece

One of the fundamental challenges that needs to be addressed in 5G and beyond systems relates with delivery of demanding uninterrupted services to mobile users. In this context, this paper provides an overview of relevant architectural options taking into consideration user mobility requirements and proposes suitable resource allocation schemes to enable optimal service provisioning under mobility considerations. The proposed schemes are evaluated through a purposely developed multistage optimization framework. This evaluation framework facilitates optimal placement of network and compute resources minimizing the associated infrastructure operational costs. Our results have been produced using real user mobility statistics as well as lab based profiling measurements of the 5G infrastructure and provide a detailed trade-off analysis between latency and infrastructure related costs indicating optimal operational points for different scenarios.

关键词： Mobile communication systems mobile computing network architecture and design optimization

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dAElite: A TDM NoC Supporting QoS, Multicast, and Fast Connection Set-Up

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 2014年第3期63卷 583-594页

作者： Stefan, Radu Andrei Molnos, Anca Goossens, Kees Eindhoven Univ Technol NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Delft Univ Technol Dept Comp Engn NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands Eindhoven Univ Technol Fac Elect Engn NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands

networks-on-Chip (NoC) are seen as promising interconnect solutions, offering the advantages of scalability and high-frequency operation which the traditional bus interconnects lack. Several NoC implementations have been presented in the literature, some of them having mature tool-flows. The main differentiating factor between the various implementations is the set of services and communication patterns they offer to the end-user. In this paper we present dAElite, a TDM network-on-Chip that offers a unique combination of features, namely, guaranteed bandwidth and latency per connection, built-in support for multicast, and a short connection set-up time. While our NoC was designed from the ground up, we leverage on existing tools for network dimensioning, analysis, and instantiation. We have implemented and tested our proposal in hardware and we compared it to AEthereal, a state-of-the-art NoC with similar features, but no multicast. We find that the connection set-up time is reduced by a factor of 10 and the network traversal latency is decreased by 33 percent. Moreover, considering realistic values of the network parameters, dAElite has a lower hardware area when synthesized in 65 nm technology.

关键词： Hardware implementation network architecture and design circuit-switching networks

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AEthereal network on chip: Concepts, architectures, and implementations

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IEEE design & TEST OF COMPUTERS 2005年第5期22卷 414-421页

作者： Goossens, K Dielissen, J Radulescu, A Philips Res Labs NL-5656 AA Eindhoven Netherlands

Many SoC applications require guaranteed levels of service and performance. Can networks on chips ( NoCs) enable such guarantees? Here, the authors demonstrate that the AEthereal network can. This particular NoC, developed at Philips Research Laboratories, encompasses hardware, a programming model, and a design flow. Read on to find out about the details.

关键词： network architecture and design Real Time And Embedded Systems

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Age-Dependent Distributed MAC for Ultra-Dense Wireless networks

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON networkING 2023年第4期31卷 1674-1687页

作者： Narasimha, Dheeraj Shakkottai, Srinivas Ying, Lei Texas A&M Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA Univ Michigan Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

We consider an ultra-dense wireless network with $N$ channels and $M = N$ devices. Messages with fresh information are generated at each device according to a random process and need to be transmitted to an access point. The value of a message decreases as it ages, so each device searches for an idle channel to transmit the message as soon as it can. However, each channel probing is associated with a fixed cost (energy), so a device needs to adapt its probing rate based on the "age" of the message. At each device, the design of the optimal probing strategy can be formulated as an infinite horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP) where the devices compete with each other to find idle channels. While it is natural to view the system as a Bayesian game, it is often intractable to analyze such a system. Thus, we use the Mean Field Game (MFG) approach to analyze the system in a large-system regime, where the number of devices is very large, to understand the structure of the problem and to find efficient probing strategies. We present an analysis based on the MFG perspective. We begin by characterizing the space of valid policies and use this to show the existence of a Mean Field Nash Equilibrium (MFNE) in a constrained set for any general increasing cost functions with diminishing rewards. Further we provide an algorithm for computing the equilibrium for any given device, and the corresponding age-dependent channel probing policy.

关键词： Games Protocols Wireless sensor networks Steady-state Delays Computational modeling Wireless networks Distributed networks network architecture and design network protocols

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Subscriber Assignment for Wide-Area Content-Based Publish/Subscribe

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 2012年第10期24卷 1833-1847页

作者： Yu, Albert Agarwal, Pankaj K. Yang, Jun Duke Univ Dept Comp Sci Levine Sci Res Ctr Durham NC 27708 USA

We study the problem of assigning subscribers to brokers in a wide-area content-based publish/subscribe system. A good assignment should consider both subscriber interests in the event space and subscriber locations in the network space, and balance multiple performance criteria including bandwidth, delay, and load balance. The resulting optimization problem is NP-complete, so systems have turned to heuristics and/or simpler algorithms that ignore some performance criteria. Evaluating these approaches has been challenging because optimal solutions remain elusive for realistic problem sizes. To enable proper evaluation, we develop a Monte Carlo approximation algorithm with good theoretical properties and robustness to workload variations. To make it computationally feasible, we combine the ideas of linear programming, randomized rounding, coreset, and iterative reweighted sampling. We demonstrate how to use this algorithm as a yardstick to evaluate other algorithms, and why it is better than other choices of yardsticks. With its help, we show that a simple greedy algorithm works well for a number of workloads, including one generated from publicly available statistics on Google Groups. We hope that our algorithms are not only useful in their own right, but our principled approach toward evaluation will also be useful in future evaluation of solutions to similar problems in content-based publish/subscribe.

关键词： network architecture and design wide-area networks

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All-Optical Wavelength-Routed architecture for a Power-Efficient network on Chip

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 2014年第3期63卷 777-792页

作者： Koohi, Somayyeh Hessabi, Shaahin Sharif Univ Technol Dept Comp Engn Tehran Iran

In this paper, we propose a new architecture for nanophotonic networks on Chip (NoC), named 2D-HERT, which consists of optical data and control planes. The proposed data plane is built upon a new topology and all-optical switches that passively route optical data streams based on their wavelengths. Utilizing wavelength routing method, the proposed deterministic routing algorithm, and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technique, the proposed data plane eliminates the need for optical resource reservation at the intermediate nodes. For resolving end-point contention, we propose an all-optical request-grant arbitration architecture which reduces optical losses compared to the alternative arbitration schemes. By performing a series of simulations, we study the efficiency of the proposed architecture, its power and energy consumption, and the data transmission delay. Moreover, we compare the proposed architecture with electrical NoCs and alternative optical NoCs under various synthetic traffic patterns. Averaged across different traffic patterns, 2D-HERT reduces data transmission delay by 24, 15, 18, 4, and 70 percent and achieves average per-packet power reduction of 58, 47, 52, 45, and 95 percent over Phastlane, Firefly, Corona architecture, lambda-router, and electrical Torus, respectively.

关键词： Interconnection architectures emerging technologies network architecture and design low-power design

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Flexible Medical-Grade networks

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IT PROFESSIONAL 2011年第3期13卷 48-51页

作者： Teeter, James J., II Indiana State Univ Terre Haute IN 47809 USA

Healthcare organizations must test their network infrastructures for disaster recovery and emergency mode operations, yet most can't afford to operate the complicated protocols needed for safe testing. The Rapid A... 详细信息

关键词： Best practices Fault tolerance Hospitals Keywords: technology management Media Access Protocol Medical information systems Medical services Multiprotocol label switching network servers Radio access networks Rapid Adjustable network (RAN) complicated protocol disaster recovery emergency mode operation flexible medical-grade network health care healthcare organization information technology infrastructure protection internetworking medical computing network architecture and design network infrastructure rapid adjustable network architecture

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Information raining and optimal link-layer design for mobile hotspots

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2005年第3期4卷 271-284页

作者： Ho, DH Valaee, S Redknee Inc Mississauga ON L4W 4Y9 Canada Univ Toronto Dept Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada

In this paper, we propose a link layer design for mobile hotspots. We design a novel system architecture that enables highspeed Internet access in railway systems. The proposed design uses a number of repeaters placed along the track and multiple antennas installed on the roof of a vehicle. Each packet is decomposed into smaller fragments and relayed to the vehicle via adjacent repeaters. We also use erasure coding to add parity fragments to original data. This approach is called information raining since fragments are rained upon the vehicle from adjacent repeaters. We investigate two instances of information raining. In blind information raining, all repeaters awaken when they sense the presence of the vehicle. The fragments are then blindly transmitted via awakened repeaters. A vehicle station installed inside the train is responsible for aggregating a large enough number of fragments. In the throughput-optimized information raining, the vehicle station selects a bipartite matching between repeaters and roof-top antennas and activates only a subset of the repeaters. It also dictates the amount of transmission power of each activated repeater. Both the bipartite matching and power allocations are individually shown to be NP-complete. Matching heuristics based on the Hungarian algorithm and Gale-Shapley algorithm are proposed. A simplex-type algorithm is proposed as the power allocation heuristics.

关键词： emerging technologies network architecture and design wireless communication network protocols mobile communication systems mobile environments medium access control mobile hotspots graphs and networks linear programming constrained optimization graph theory combinatorial algorithms

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Accelerating Reads With In-network Consistency-Aware Load Balancing

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON networkING 2022年第3期30卷 954-968页

作者： Kettaneh, Ibrahim Alquraan, Ahmed Takruri, Hatem Mashtizadeh, Ali Jose Al-Kiswany, Samer Univ Waterloo David R Cheriton Sch Comp Sci Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

We present FLAIR, a novel approach for accelerating read operations in leader-based consensus protocols. FLAIR leverages the capabilities of the new generation of programmable switches to serve reads from follower replicas without compromising consistency. The core of the new approach is a packet-processing pipeline that can track client requests and system replies, identify consistent replicas, and at line speed, forward read requests to replicas that can serve the read without sacrificing linearizability. An additional benefit of FLAIR is that it facilitates devising novel consistency-aware load balancing techniques. Following the new approach, we designed FlairKV, a key-value store atop Raft. FlairKV implements the processing pipeline using the P4 programming language. We evaluate the benefits of the proposed approach and compare it to previous approaches using a cluster with a Barefoot Tofino switch. Our evaluation indicates that, compared to state-of-the-art alternatives, the proposed approach can bring significant performance gains: up to 42% higher throughput and 35-97% lower latency for most workloads. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that our novel load balancing techniques can cope with heterogeneous load and hardware to achieve higher performance, and that FLAIR can scale to support large data sets and clusters.

关键词： Protocols Pipelines Load management Metadata Throughput Registers Indexes Distributed systems load balancing and task assignment network architecture and design reliability

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Fault-Tolerant Small Cells Locations Planning in 4G/5G Heterogeneous Wireless networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2017年第6期66卷 5269-5283页

作者： Omar, Tamer Abichar, Zakhia Kamal, Ahmed E. Chang, J. Morris Alnuem, Mohammad Abdullah East Carolina Univ Dept Technol Syst Greenville NC 27858 USA Univ Cent Florida Dept Elect & Comp Engn Orlando FL 32816 USA Iowa State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Ames IA 50011 USA Univ S Florida Dept Elect Engn Tampa FL 33620 USA King Saud Univ Dept Informat Syst Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Fourth/Fifth Generation heterogeneous wireless networks (4G/5G HetNets) use or will use small cells (SCs) to extend network coverage and increase spectrum efficiency. However, the standard and technical specifications do not specify how to plan the locations of the SCs within the network. Several papers introduced strategies for planning the locations of SCs in the 4G HetNet architecture. However, SCs placement strategies to support the self-healing functionality of the 4G/5G self organizing networks framework has not been studied in the literature. The placement of SCs in 4G HetNets such that an SC failure will not interrupt service, hence making the network fault tolerant, is an important design and planning problem that is addressed in this paper. We present an integer linear program formulation for planning operators of managed SC locations with fault tolerance. We allow one SC to fail and by using self-healing, a fault-tolerance service is provided at designated fail-over levels (defined in terms of users throughput). We consider the problem of SC location planning by using offloading in both out-band and in-band modes, and an interference model is presented to consider the in-band mode and to address the effect of interference on SCs placement planning. A novel approach to provide a linear interference model by using an expanded state space to get rid of nonlinearity is introduced. We present numerical results that show how our model can be used to plan the positions of SCs. We also incorporate the existence of obstacles in the planning, such as large structures or natural formations, that might happen in real life. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses the planning of SC locations in 4G/5G HetNets in a fault-tolerant manner.

关键词： Fault tolerance 4G HetNets network architecture and design self-healing self organizing networks (SON) small cells

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