The growing popularity of high throughput and low latency applications introduces new challenges in adapting the current network design practices to fit these requirements. With the advent of software-defined and prog...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350380538
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350380545
The growing popularity of high throughput and low latency applications introduces new challenges in adapting the current network design practices to fit these requirements. With the advent of software-defined and programmable networks, there are new opportunities to optimize the operation of established mechanisms, such as peer-to-peer (P2P) communication. In this paper, we propose P4-TURNet, a new system that enables NAT traversal by managing multiple programmable switches that act as P2P relay servers. We discuss how P4-TURNet can be employed to provide massive communication at scale to achieve restrictive performance requirements. We evaluate the system in a simulated environment and find that it enables a TURN server to handle 400 times more simultaneous users compared to traditional on-server packet relaying.
The efficacy of network function virtualization (NFV) depends critically on (1) where the virtual networkfunctions (VNFs) are placed and (2) how the traffic is routed. Unfortunately, these aspects are not easily opti...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665414944
The efficacy of network function virtualization (NFV) depends critically on (1) where the virtual networkfunctions (VNFs) are placed and (2) how the traffic is routed. Unfortunately, these aspects are not easily optimized, especially under time-varying network states with different quality of service (QoS) requirements. Given the importance of NFV, many approaches have been proposed to solve the VNF placement and traffic routing problem. However, those prior approaches mainly assume that the state of the network is static and known, disregarding real-time network variations. To bridge that gap, in this paper, we formulate the VNF placement and traffic routing problem as a Markov Decision Process model to capture the dynamic network state transitions. In order to jointly minimize the delay and cost of NFV providers and maximize the revenue, we devise a customized Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm, called A-DDPG, for VNF placement and traffic routing in a real-time network. A-DDPG uses the attention mechanism to ascertain smooth network behavior within the general framework of network utility maximization (NUM). The simulation results show that A-DDPG outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of network utility, delay, and cost.
This paper proposes a backup resource allocation model for virtual networkfunctions (VNFs) to minimize the total required backup computing capacity with considering the service delay. If random failures occur to prim...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665440059
This paper proposes a backup resource allocation model for virtual networkfunctions (VNFs) to minimize the total required backup computing capacity with considering the service delay. If random failures occur to primary hosts, the VNFs in failed hosts are recovered by backup hosts, where the allocation is determined in advance. We introduce the probabilistic protection, where the probability that the protection provided by a backup host fails is limited within a given value;it allows backup resource sharing to reduce the total required computing capacity. The previous work formulated the backup resource allocation problem without considering the service delay as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem by adopting the robust optimization. We consider the delay of services, which consists of networking delay between hosts and processing delay in each requested VNF. The probability that the total delay of a service exceeds its threshold is constrained within a given value. To solve the problem with the delay constraint, we introduce an algorithm with two methods to make the MILP problem be aware of the service delay. The results observe that, compared to the baseline, the proposed model can reduce the total required backup capacity of computing resource.
We present here an implementation to support function chaining and migration in the network function virtualization (NFV) paradigm, using Segment Routing (SR) and Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP)...
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Internet of Things (IoT) network is dominating both the research and industry. There are numerous emerging IoT connectivity Technologies such as Sigfox, LoRa, NB-IoT, LTE-M. However, these IoT connectivity technologie...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665405225
Internet of Things (IoT) network is dominating both the research and industry. There are numerous emerging IoT connectivity Technologies such as Sigfox, LoRa, NB-IoT, LTE-M. However, these IoT connectivity technologies have different protocols and packet/message formatting. Thus, IoT devices are usually not able to interact with one another, causing interoperability challenges. This is creating the so-called network island or silos. Interoperability between different IoT networks needs to be achieved to fully exploit IoT potential. This is required at each level of the network. Different solutions have been proposed to tackle the interoperability problem at different levels reducing the difficulty in defining a solution breaching the vertical silos barrier. In this article, we focus on addressing network-level interoperability. We provide a network format translator in a virtualized environment as a flexible and lightweight deployment. As a proof of concept, a testbed is developed implementing the proposed translator using NS3. Using the testbed, we can communicate with different IoT technologies sending packets between each device in each type of IoT network. For example, sending a LoRaWAN packet to Wi-Fi and 6LoWPAN and visa-versa. Finally, we have measured the latency introduced by the translator.
In this work, we propose Qasync, a novel dual network framework for value-based multi-agent reinforcement learning, aimed at addressing the control decision-making issues of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) in mer...
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With the continuous growth in the number of mobile networked devices, and their rapidly improving compute capabilities, it has become possible to harness them as an extended cloud. This presents a clear opportunity to...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176324
With the continuous growth in the number of mobile networked devices, and their rapidly improving compute capabilities, it has become possible to harness them as an extended cloud. This presents a clear opportunity to place latency-sensitive applications and services at the edge. As applications are increasingly based on the microservices and network function virtualization (NFV) architectures, their overall performance will depend on the location of their constituent microservices relative to one-another. An extended cloud comprising mobile devices therefore results in a dynamic network, making it difficult for traditional orchestration systems in distant clouds to perform timely management and replacement of microservices to ensure the overall application or service is performant. We propose to address this challenge by decentralizing the service discovery and allocation logic, placing it in client microservices. This paper presents a P2P-based design and prototype system that empowers clients to discover desired services based on pre-defined QoS requirements. If none are found, clients identify compute nodes meeting the requirements to request a new service allocation.
Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) along with "learning at the edge" brings unique opportunities for enhancing the utilization of resources in the next generation wireless networks. Using networkfunction Vir...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728194417
Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) along with "learning at the edge" brings unique opportunities for enhancing the utilization of resources in the next generation wireless networks. Using network function virtualization (NFV), Service function Chains (SFCs), a set of ordered virtual networkfunctions (VNFs), can be deployed within the MEC infrastructure. The user equipment (UEs) can offload VNFs with intense computational load to the MEC servers with rich storage and computation resources. In this paper, we address the problem of partial offloading of a chain of services where each VNF of the SFC request can be either performed locally or offloaded onto a MEC server. The objective is to concurrently minimize the long-term cost of the UEs which is given in terms of both delay and energy consumption. This problem is highly complex and calls for distributed multi-agent learning techniques. We formulate the problem as a distributed multi-agent reinforcement learning problem and use double deep Q-network (DDQN) algorithm to solve it. Our simulation results show that the proposed DDQN-based solution has comparable results to an exhaustive search algorithm.
In the context of virtualization, one critical task that has to be addressed is the mapping of the virtual service request (that consists of virtual nodes and links) to the virtualization-enabled physical network. In ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665443852
In the context of virtualization, one critical task that has to be addressed is the mapping of the virtual service request (that consists of virtual nodes and links) to the virtualization-enabled physical network. In this work, we comprehensively study the service mapping problem with the consideration of node re-visitation, which supports the hosting of more than one virtual nodes on the same physical node. Our study fills a gap of the literature by exploring strategies to best utilize node re-visitation for reduced resource consumption and service blocking in the resulting problem of service mapping with node re-visitation (SMNR). Both path-based and link-based Integer Linear Programming SMNR models are designed and evaluated in our simulation.
This paper proposes a sub-chain-enabled coordinated protection model for the availability-guaranteed service function chain (SFC) provisioning, which considers the availability of each component to constitute an SFC, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176324
This paper proposes a sub-chain-enabled coordinated protection model for the availability-guaranteed service function chain (SFC) provisioning, which considers the availability of each component to constitute an SFC, including links and VNFs. Unlike conventional protection models providing certain protection for the whole chain, the proposed model configures sub-chains for each SFC and provides proper protection for each sub-chain to achieve the required availability cost-efficiently. We formulate the proposed model as an optimization problem to minimize the deployment cost. A heuristic is presented to tackle the problem. The numerical results show that the proposed model outperforms the conventional ones in terms of deployment cost.
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