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Proceedings of the 11th Latin-American Symposium on Dependable Computing

作者： Giovanni Venâncio Elias P. Duarte Jr. Dept. Informatics Federal University of Paraná Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450397377

Despite the many advantages of network function virtualization (NFV) technology, the dependability of virtual services must be carefully addressed so that NFV can meet the requirements of commercial carriers. In particular, it is essential to provide mechanisms to ensure their correct and continuous operation. In this work we propose NHAM: an NFV High Availability Module designed within the NFV-MANO (NFV Management and Orchestration) reference model. NHAM allows the creation and management of fault-tolerant virtual network services consisting of stateful VNFs (Virtualized network functions) and SFCs (Service function Chains). The proposed architecture provides fault management, including a choice of recovery mechanisms that can be applied depending on the specific needs of each service. The solution is holistic in the sense that it does not require any modifications of the source code of VNFs/SFCs to make them fault-tolerant. The strategy is based on SFC buffer management coupled with VNF checkpoint/restore, providing high availability in a transparent way. A prototype was implemented and experimental results are presented.

关键词： Fault Tolerance network function virtualization Virtualized network functions High Availability

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An In-Depth Survey on virtualization Technologies in 6G Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ammar, Sahar Lau, Chun Pong Shihada, Basem Makkah Province Thuwal Saudi Arabia

6G networks are envisioned to deliver a large diversity of applications and meet stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements. Hence, integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (TN-NTNs) are anticipated to be key enabling technologies. However, the TN-NTNs integration faces a number of challenges that could be addressed through network virtualization technologies such as Software-Defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV) and network slicing. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review on the adaptation of these networking paradigms in 6G networks. We begin with a brief overview on NTNs and virtualization techniques. Then, we highlight the integral role of Artificial Intelligence in improving network virtualization by summarizing major research areas where AI models are applied. Building on this foundation, the survey identifies the main issues arising from the adaptation of SDN, NFV, and network slicing in integrated TN-NTNs, and proposes a taxonomy of integrated TN-NTNs virtualization offering a thorough review of relevant contributions. The taxonomy is built on a four-level classification indicating for each study the level of TN-NTNs integration, the used virtualization technology, the addressed problem, the type of the study and the proposed solution, which can be based on conventional or AI-enabled methods. Moreover, we present a summary on the simulation tools commonly used in the testing and validation of such networks. Finally, we discuss open issues and give insights on future research directions for the advancement of integrated TN-NTNs virtualization in the 6G era. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： network function virtualization

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An SDN/NFV based Intelligent Fog Architecture for DDoS Defense in Cyber Physical Systems 10

An SDN/NFV based Intelligent Fog Architecture for DDoS Defen...

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10th International Conference on System Modeling and Advancement in Research Trends, SMART 2021

作者： Snehi, Manish Bhandari, Abhinav Computer Science and Engineering Punjabi University Punjab Patiala India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665439701

The Internet of Things (IoT) has garnered considerable interest in recent years as its technical capabilities have facilitated the creation of a diverse variety of commercial revenue models and services (e.g., medical cyber-physical systems, smart agriculture, Industry 4.0, smart cities, etc.). However, the security gaps in intelligent systems continue to be a significant source of concern. Malevolent attackers employ attacks like distributed denial of service (DDoS) to weaken system availability. To mitigate attack traffic, adopting a modern Software-defined networked backbone and network function virtualization (NFV) paradigm has proven to be a potential approach. This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the cutting-edge defense solutions driven by contemporary SDN/NFV technologies, highlighting the key limitations and future scope. The paper also presents the multi-dimensional view of the defense architecture by examining the Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, defense strategies, the role of Fog to overcome research gaps, and leveraging SDN/NFV architecture for an intelligent defense solution. Furthermore, the paper examines the profound network backbone and offers the intelligent Machine and Deep learning-based distributed DDoS defense solution deployed in the Fog layer. The article concludes with an evaluation of open issues and research prospects for vulnerability apprehension in Smart systems. Keywords - SDN, Software Defined network, NFV, network functions virtualization, Cloud, IoT, Fog Computing, Distributed Denial of Service, DDoS © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Optimal Service Provisioning Schemes for Multi-Layer Fog networks

Optimal Service Provisioning Schemes for Multi-Layer Fog Net...

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2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops, GC Wkshps 2021

作者： Riedl, Anton Siasi, Nazli Christopher Newport University Department of Physics Computer Science and Engineering Newport NewsVA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665423908

The deployment of network function virtualization (NFV) in fog networks allows network providers to offer dynamic, delay-sensitive services on top of general purpose hardware. A key challenge is the provisioning of service function chaining (SFC), i.e., the placement of requested virtual network functions (VNF) across the nodes, in ways that make efficient use of the sometimes limited resources while meeting stringent quality of service (QoS) *** this paper we propose a novel optimization scheme for placing VNFs in the network and we apply it to a multi-layer fog architecture composed of heterogeneous global and local fog nodes. The algorithm is based on integer linear programming (ILP) and gives particular consideration to multi-mapping and instance-sharing. Results show that SFC with VNF multi-mapping and instance-sharing generally yields the best resource utilization, along with achieving short delays and high admission rates. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： network function virtualization

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A Machine Learning-Based Migration Strategy for Virtual network function Instances

A Machine Learning-Based Migration Strategy for Virtual Netw...

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Future Technologies Conference, FTC 2020

作者： Manias, Dimitrios Michael Hawilo, Hassan Shami, Abdallah The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University London Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783030630911

With the growing demand for data connectivity, network service providers are faced with the task of reducing their capital and operational expenses while simultaneously improving network performance and addressing the increased demand. Although network function virtualization (NFV) has been identified as a promising solution, several challenges must be addressed to ensure its feasibility. In this paper, we address the Virtual network function (VNF) migration problem by developing the VNF Neural network for Instance Migration (VNNIM), a migration strategy for VNF instances. The performance of VNNIM is further improved through the optimization of the learning rate hyperparameter through particle swarm optimization. Results show that the VNNIM is very effective in predicting the post-migration server exhibiting a binary accuracy of 99.07% and a delay difference distribution that is centered around a mean of zero when compared to the optimization model. The greatest advantage of VNNIM, however, is its run-time efficiency highlighted through a run-time analysis. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Analysis of VNF Control Traffic in 5G Scenarios extended with LPWA networks

Analysis of VNF Control Traffic in 5G Scenarios extended wit...

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IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM)

作者： Medeiros, Eden Barreto, Priscila Solis Univ Brasilia Dept Comp Sci Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665440356

In 5G networks, the NFV (network function virtualization) concept provides flexible and reconfigurable conditions for applications and operators, however, the virtualized environment can suffer degradation over time. In NFV, control traffic flows serve to manage the NFV infrastructure and provide flexibility of resources. This work presents the implementation of an evaluation testbed based on the ETSI architecture for 5G, to analyze control traffic with focus in 5G scenarios that can be extended with LPWA networks. The analysis uses 4 scenarios with variations in the number of compute nodes and VNFs (Virtual network functions) to allow control traffic characterization in the NFVI (NFV Infrastructure) and analyse the impact of adding new compute nodes and new VNFs. Based on the experimental results, this work also proposes possible approaches to decrease and optimize control traffic to achieve rates compatible with LPWA networks.

关键词： Degradation 5G mobile communication Conferences Computer architecture network function virtualization

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Cybersecurity of multi-cloud healthcare systems: A hierarchical deep learning approach

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APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING 2022年 118卷

作者： Gupta, Lav Salman, Tara Ghubaish, Ali Unal, Devrim Al-Ali, Abdulla Khalid Jain, Raj Univ Missouri Dept Comp Sci St Louis MO 63121 USA Texas Tech Univ Dept Comp Sci Lubbock TX 79409 USA Washington Univ Dept Comp Sci St Louis MO 63130 USA Qatar Univ KINDI Ctr Comp Res Doha Qatar Qatar Univ Comp Sci & Engn Dept Doha Qatar

With the increase in sophistication and connectedness of the healthcare networks, their attack surfaces and vulnerabilities increase significantly. Malicious agents threaten patients' health and life by stealing or altering data as it flows among the multiple domains of healthcare networks. The problem is likely to exacerbate with the increasing use of IoT devices, edge, and core clouds in the next generation healthcare networks. Presented in this paper is MUSE, a system of deep hierarchical stacked neural networks for timely and accurate detection of malicious activity that leads to alteration of meta information or payload of the dataflow between the IoT gateway, edge and core clouds. Smaller models at the edge clouds take substantially less time to train as compared to the large models in the core cloud. To improve the speed of training and accuracy of detection of large core cloud models, the MUSE system uses a novel method of merging and aggregating layers of trained edge cloud models to construct a partly pre-trained core cloud model. As a result, the model in the core cloud takes substantially smaller number of epochs (6 to 8) and, consequently, less time, compared to those in the edge clouds, training of which take 35 to 40 epochs to converge. With the help of extensive evaluations, it is shown that with the MUSE system, large, merged models can be trained in significantly less time than the unmerged models that are created independently in the core cloud. Through several runs it is seen that the merged models give on an average 26.2% reduction in training times. From the experimental evaluation we demonstrate that along with fast training speeds the merged MUSE model gives high training and test accuracies, ranging from 95% to 100%, in detection of unknown attacks on dataflows. The merged model thus generalizes very well on the test data. This is a marked improvement when compared with the accuracy given by un-merged model as well as accuracy reported by ot

关键词： Cloud networks Edge clouds network function virtualization Critical healthcare Deep neural networks Stacked autoencoders Hierarchical neural networks Multi-cloud systems

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Service deployment design in latency-critical multi-cloud environment

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COMPUTER networkS 2022年 213卷

作者： Hegyi, Peter Bokay Janos St 36-42 H-1083 Budapest Hungary

The advent of virtualization-based infrastructure needed for 5G brought new challenges in utilizing the existing physical network infrastructure effectively. Designing physical routes between virtual network functions in a multi-cloud environment is usually handled as a maximum flow problem, separately considering latency requirements. This paper presents an algorithm designed for low latency edge-cloud environments, where results meet both bandwidth and latency requirements of the planned traffic in one step. The proposed algorithm is much faster compared to the wide-spread linear program based flow maximization approach as the incorporated filtering of route candidates by latency allows more efficient search. The paper demonstrates the operation of the algorithm by a detailed example.

关键词： Service function Chaining network function virtualization Multi-cloud Latency Routing Linear programming

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A survey on the placement of virtual network functions

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JOURNAL OF network AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2022年 202卷

作者： Sun, Jie Zhang, Yi Liu, Feng Wang, Huandong Xu, Xiaojian Li, Yong Beihang Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Huawei Technol Ireland Res Ctr Dublin Ireland Tsinghua Univ Beijing Natl Res Ctr Informat Sci & Technol BNRis Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

The dependence of traditional network functions (NFs) on special hardware results in high capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenditures (OPEX). network function virtualization (NFV) is considered a promising technology to reduce the specificity of network equipment as well as the CAPEX and OPEX. With the decoupling of software and hardware, the flexible placement of virtual network functions (VNFs) resolves a wide range of network issues ranging from delay to reliability, from cost to performance, and so on. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the VNF placement problem (VNFPP). Firstly, we provide a generic definition of the VNFPP by proposing and combining the basic models of chaining, placing, embedding, and routing. Secondly, we construct a fine-grained taxonomy of works in the VNF placement field based on the solving steps, i.e., objectives, constraints, models, and algorithms. In addition to the traditional cloud network scenario, we investigate the research progress of VNF placement problems in emerging placing scenarios, e.g., backbone networks, mobile networks, and the Internet of Things. Finally, we point out the open challenges and research directions in the field of VNF placement. Compared with the existing surveys, our survey provides a more granular taxonomy and a more comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art works in the VNFPP field.

关键词： Virtual network function placement network function virtualization Solving-based taxonomy Strategy optimization

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Analytical modeling of distributed network functions virtualization architectures and the impact of the distribution on the packet sojourn time

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TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES 2022年第9期33卷

作者： Ilievski, Gjorgji Latkoski, Pero Makedonski Telekom AD Cybersecur Dept Skopje North Macedonia Ss Cyril & Methodius Univ Fac Elect Engn & Informat Technol Skopje North Macedonia

Distribution of network functions virtualization (NFV) environment on multiple locations and datacenters is a hot topic in research and engineering communities. In this article, we are making analytical models to calculate the network packet sojourn time in three different scenarios: classical NFV environment where all NFV elements are on the same location, distributed architecture of the data plane with centralized management and orchestration (MANO) environment, and distributed environment where every location has its own data plane and MANO elements. The analytical models are tested and discussed through Matlab based simulations. Through the simulation results, we discuss the impact of changes of different parameters on the packet sojourn time, and we compare the architectures in order to see how they can be fitted in practical services provided in an NFV environment.

关键词： network function virtualization

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