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SSRN 2023年

作者： Alnaim, Abdulrahman K. Fernandez, Eduardo B. School of Business Department of Information Systems King Faisal University Alahsa36421 Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Florida Atlantic University Boca RatonFL33431 United States

5G, the current generation of communication networks is based on the stan- dards deftned by 3GPP and other organizations (ETSI, ENISA, NGNM). These standards deftne virtual networks supported by three basic technologies, SDN, NFV, and network Slicing. Virtual networks are built using mostly software and have clear advantages that appear to be reduced because of the correspond- ing loss in security due to the larger attack surface of this type of network. On the other hand, virtual networks can be made even more secure than hardware- based networks by leveraging the flexibility and adaptability of virtual functions and numerous articles have studied different aspects of their security. Current work goes from proposals for speciftc mechanisms to general studies of threats and defenses. Some of these are systematic literature reviews considering ev- erything published on a speciftc theme. We prefer to analyze carefully selected papers considered signiftcant and produce from them an overview of the sta- tus of the security of the network technologies used by 5G. After this analysis we have found that although there are many studies of threats, they are not systematic and have confusions about concepts that may mislead implementors;we also found that the large variety of defenses can be confusing to designers. We have then tried to critically analyze threats and defenses to provide a clear perspective of how to secure these networks. Based on this perspective, we propose directions for research to improve or extend current defenses. We note that although virtual networks have special characteristics, they are examples of systems and much of the theory of systems security applies to them. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Realization of a Techno-Economic Controller Deployment Architecture for vSDN Enabled 5G networks 21

Realization of a Techno-Economic Controller Deployment Archi...

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22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing and networking, ICDCN 2021

作者： Basu, Deborsi Sankara Rao, Addanki Ghosh, Uttam Datta, Raja Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Vanderbilt University Tn U.S.A United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450381840

5th Generation of Wireless Communication networks (5G) are targeting to fulfill all the service demands of end-users in a cost-effective manner. It is becoming extremely challenging to provide optimum end-To-end network services within a restricted resource environment. Telecommunication Service Providers (TSPs) face huge trouble to minimize the network deployment cost to cover more users by increasing the network coverage area. Software Defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) are two key technology enablers that can improve the techno-economic scenarios for next generation telecommunication networks. In this work, we have formulated a unique load latency aware cost-effective controller placement algorithm (ICDA-Intelligent Controller Deployment Algorithm) that can successfully reduce the cost of CAPEX (Capital Expenditure), OPEX (Operational Expenditure), and TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) of 5G networks using the concept of Virtualized Software Defined networking (vSDN). Seamless connectivity in Ultra-Low Latency (ULL) is one of the key features of 5G. That is why we further optimize the model based on network latency and traffic load demand of the UEs (User Entities). Using comparative graphical analysis, it has been demonstrated that our proposed algorithm shows significant cost reduction in the 5G network as compared to existing current days networks. The cost-efficient controller deployment algorithm also takes care of all other critical network constraints and makes this approach very efficient for TSPs. © 2021 ACM.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Techno-economic Assessment in Communications: Models for Access network Technologies

Techno-economic Assessment in Communications: Models for Acc...

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Future of Information and Communication Conference, FICC 2021

作者： Bendicho, Carlos Bilbao Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783030730994

This article shows State of the Art of techno-economic modeling for access network technologies, presents the characteristics a universal techno-economic model should have, and shows a classification and analysis of techno-economic models in the literature based on such characteristics. In order to reduce the gap detected in the literature, the author created and developed a Universal Techno-Economic Model and the corresponding methodology for techno-economic assessment in multiple domains, currently available for industry stakeholders under specific licence of use. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Research on 5G network security in smart city

Research on 5G network security in smart city

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2021 International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Computer Technology, EIECT 2021

作者： Zhang, Hanwen School of Microelectronics Xidian University Huaibei China

ISBN: (数字)9781510650510

ISBN: (纸本)9781510650503

With the development of global urbanization, the requirements of traditional urban management are increasingly prominent. With the development of 5G technology, the delay of information transmission has been shortened, the speed of information transmission has been accelerated, and the large-scale wireless communication technology has become more mature. So, it has a profound impact on the construction of the smart city. But the technologies involved in the smart city still need to be solved, like the user data eavesdropping and tampering of the air interface, the DDOS (Distributed denial of service attack) attack of air interface from UE (user equipment), the malicious interference of the fake base station to air interface. This paper studies these security problems in detail and points out some solutions. These solutions include network slicing technology based on SDN (Software Defined network) and NFV (network function virtualization) technology. For these technologies, this paper also prospects some different future research directions. Finally, this paper is helpful to the research of 5G network security problems and puts forward some suggestions for future smart city construction. © 2021 SPIE.

关键词： network function virtualization

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BPA: The Optimal Placement of Interdependent VNFs in Many-Core System 16th

BPA: The Optimal Placement of Interdependent VNFs in Many-Co...

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16th EAI International Conference on Collaborative Computing: networking, Applications, and Worksharing, CollaborateCom 2020

作者： Zhong, Youbing Zhou, Zhou Liu, Xuan Li, Da Guo, Meijun Zhang, Shuai Liu, Qingyun Guo, Li Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory of Information Security Technologies Beijing China School of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Missouri Columbia United States School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030675394

network function virtualization (NFV) brings the potential to provide the flexible implementation of network functions and reduce overall hardware cost by running service function chains (SFCs) on commercial off-the-shelf servers with many-core processors. Towards this direction, both academia and industry have spent vast amounts of effort to address the optimal placement challenges of NFV middleboxes. Most of the servers usually are equipped with Intel X86 processors, which adopt Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) architecture. However, existing solutions for placing SFCs in one server either ignore the impact of hardware architecture or overlook the dependency between middleboxes. Our empirical analysis shows that the placement of virtual network functions (VNFs) with interdependency in a server needs more particular consideration. In this paper, we first manage the optimal placement of VNFs by jointly considering the discrepancy of cores in different NUMA nodes and interdependency between network functions (NFs), and formulate the optimization problem as a Non-Linear Integer Programming (NLIP) model. Then we find a reasonable metric to describe the dependency relation formally. Finally, we propose a heuristic-based backtracking placement algorithm (BPA) to find the near-optimal placement solution. The evaluation shows that, compared with two state-of-art placement strategies, our algorithm can improve the aggregate performance by an average of 20% or 45% within an acceptable time range. © 2021, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Joint Availability Guarantee and Resource Optimization of Virtual network function Placement in Data Center networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON network AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2020年第2期17卷 821-834页

作者： Wang, Meng Cheng, Bo Chen, Junliang Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Networking & Switching Technol Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

network function virtualization (NFV) is a promising technology that decouples network functions from the physical device on which they deployed. network service in NFV is deployed as Service function Chain (SFC) that consists of an ordered set of Virtual network functions (VNFs). In this paper, we focus on the VNF placement problem in data center networks considering availability guarantee and resource optimization. Firstly, we define an availability model that takes both physical device failures and VNF failures into consideration when evaluating the availability of SFC. Secondly, we propose a novel Joint Path-VNF (JPV) backup model that combines path backup and VNF backup in a joint way. In the JPV backup model, resource consumption can be effectively reduced. Finally, we design an Affinity-Based Algorithm (ABA) to reduce physical link consumption when map VNFs. The evaluation results show that ABA and JPV can achieve better availability improvement (99.99%) with less resource (reduce 40% PL consumption).

关键词： Data centers Optimization network topology Data models Servers Redundancy Computational modeling network function virtualization service function chain availability backup resource allocation

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A Survey of network virtualization Techniques for Internet of Things Using SDN and NFV

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 2020年第2期53卷 1-40页

作者： Alam, Iqbal Sharif, Kashif Li, Fan Latif, Zohaib Karim, M. M. Biswas, Sujit Nour, Boubakr Wang, Yu Beijing Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci 5 S Zhongguancun St Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Temple Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci 1801 N Broad St Philadelphia PA 19122 USA

Internet of Things (IoT) and network Softwarization are fast becoming core technologies of information systems and network management for the next-generation Internet. The deployment and applications of IoT range from smart cities to urban computing and from ubiquitous healthcare to tactile Internet. For this reason, the physical infrastructure of heterogeneous network systems has become more complicated and thus requires efficient and dynamic solutions for management, configuration, and flow scheduling. network softwarization in the form of Software Defined networks and network function virtualization has been extensively researched for IoT in the recent past. In this article, we present a systematic and comprehensive review of virtualization techniques explicitly designed for IoT networks. We have classified the literature into software-defined networks designed for IoT, function virtualization for IoT networks, and software-defined IoT networks. These categories are further divided into works that present architectural, security, and management solutions. Besides, the article highlights several short-term and long-term research challenges and open issues related to the adoption of software-defined Internet of Things.

关键词： Internet of Things network softwarization software-defined network network function virtualization software-defined IoT

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A taxonomy of blockchain-enabled softwarization for secure UAV network

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2020年 161卷 304-323页

作者： Kumari, Aparna Gupta, Rajesh Tanwar, Sudeep Kumar, Neeraj Nirma Univ Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Ahmadabad Gujarat India Deemed Be Univ Thapar Inst Engn & Technol Dept Comp Sci Engn Patiala Punjab India Asia Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taichung Taiwan King Abdulaziz Univ Dept Comp Sci Jeddah Saudi Arabia

The recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) upsurges its usages in commercial and civilian applications such as surveillance, rescue, and crowdsensing. UAVs are vulnerable to being destroyed, lost, or stolen in case of security breaches of its network. The network management of UAVs is a crucial task due to its high mobility, which necessitates UAV network softwarization. Then, it becomes indispensable that allows the separation of control functions (i.e., control plane data) from hardware for smooth execution of complex operations. Further, UAV uses the Internet (an open channel) for communication in its complex system that raises a network security concern. The well-known softwarization techniques, i.e., software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) can be used to accomplish the secure network services on less expense. Conversely, these softwarization techniques may suffer from various threats like access control, user authentication, controller hijacking, and many more attack. The existing solutions are using a centralized system, which is having a single point of failure issue and vulnerable to security threats. Motivated from these facts, we present a comprehensive and systematic survey on the blockchain-based softwarization for a secure UAV network. Then, we propose a blockchain-enabled UAV softwarization architecture for secure communication and network management. It provides dynamic, flexible, and on-the-fly decision capabilities for communication services over the UAV network. Eventually, we analyzed the open research issues and challenges for future research directions in this emerging area.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicle Softwarization 5G Software defined networking network function virtualization Blockchain Smart contract Security

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network Service Scheduling With Resource Sharing and Preemption

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON network AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2020年第2期17卷 764-778页

作者： Zhang, Yuncan He, Fujun Sato, Takehiro Oki, Eiji Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Informat Kyoto 6068501 Japan

network function virtualization enables network operators to implement network functions in a software-oriented manner and makes network services (NSes) provisioning much simpler. This paper proposes an optimization model to schedule delay sensitive NSes with deadlines allowing resource sharing and preemption. Unlike conventional NS scheduling models with static resource allocation for virtualized network function (VNF) instances, the proposed model ensures that VNF instances deployed on the same node share computation resources of the node and are able to scale up/down to change their process rate at runtime. NSes mapped to the same VNF instance of the same node share computation resources of the VNF instance and are able to be processed in parallel by the VNF instance. Preemption is allowed, which means that rescheduling the order of NS processing at runtime is possible and the process duration of each function of an NS is allowed to be discrete. We formulate the proposed model as an integer linear programming problem to maximize the number of admissible NSes. Due to the complexity of the problem, we develop a genetic algorithm to solve it efficiently. We evaluate the proposed model with conventional models in the static and dynamic scenarios. The numerical results show that the proposed model outperforms conventional models in terms of acceptance ratio in both static and dynamic scenarios.

关键词： Computational modeling Scheduling Resource management Numerical models Processor scheduling Genetic algorithms Runtime network function virtualization network services scheduling resource sharing preemption genetic algorithm

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Proactive VNF Scaling with Heterogeneous Cloud Resources: Fusing Long Short-Term Memory Prediction and Cooperative Allocation

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2020年第1期2020卷

作者： Xu, Ran Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Networking & Switching Technol Beijing Peoples R China

network function virtualization (NFV) is designed to implement network functions by software that replaces proprietary hardware devices in traditional networks. In response to the growing demand of resource-intensive services, for NFV cloud service providers, software-oriented network functions face a number of challenges, such as dynamic deployment of virtual network functions and efficient allocation of multiple resources. This study aims at the dynamic allocation and adjustment of network multiresources and multitype flows for NFV. First, to seek a proactive approach to provision new instances for overloaded VNFs ahead of time, a model called long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM RNN) is proposed to estimate flows in this paper. Then, based on the estimated flow, a cooperative and complementary resource allocation algorithm is designed to reduce resource fragmentation and improve the utilization. The final results demonstrate the advantage of the LSTM model on predicting the network function flow requirements, and our algorithm achieves good results and performance improvement in dynamically expanding network functions and improving resource utilization.

关键词： network function virtualization

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