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Performance evaluation of revised virtual resources allocation scheme in network function virtualization (NFV) networks

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CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF networkS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2019年第1-Sup期22卷 2331-2339页

作者： Kim, Hyuncheol Namseoul Univ Dept Comp Sci Cheonan South Korea

The design, management, and operation of network infrastructure have evolved during the last few years, leveraging on innovative technologies and architectures. With such a huge trend, due to the flexibility and significant economic potential of these technologies, software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) are emerging as the most indispensable key catalysers. SDN/NFV enhancing the infrastructure agility, thus network operators and service providers are able to program their own network functions (e.g., gateways, routers, load balancers) on vendor-independent hardware substrate. One of the most important considerations in NFV deployment is how to allocate the virtual resources that are needed to provide flexible virtual network services in an NFV-based network infrastructure. Thus, the most important prerequisite for NFV deployment is achieved fast, scalable and dynamic composition and allocation of networks functions (NFs) to implement network services (NSs). We have proposed a revised RA algorithm that integrates embedding and scheduling of virtual network functions (VNFs) simultaneously. In this paper, performance evaluation of the revised RA algorithm is performed and the proposed algorithm is applied more effectively in NFV environment where the demand for resources is flexible and concentrated.

关键词： Virtual resource allocation Resource embedding Resource scheduling network function virtualization

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Service platform and monitoring architecture for network function virtualization (NFV)

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CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF networkS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2016年第4期19卷 1835-1841页

作者： Kim, Hyuncheol Yoon, Seunghyun Jeon, Hongseok Lee, Wonhyuk Kang, Seungae Namseoul Univ Dept Comp Sci Cheonan 331707 South Korea Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Smart Network Res Dept Daejeon 34129 South Korea Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Network & Comp Convergence Technol Res Team Daejeon 34129 South Korea Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat KREONET Serv Daejeon 305806 South Korea Namseoul Univ Sport & Healthcare Cheonan 331707 South Korea

With the advent of cloud and virtualization technologies and the integration of various computer communication technologies, today's computing environments can provide virtualized high quality services. The network traffic has also continuously increased with remarkable growth. Software defined networking/network function virtualization (SDN/NFV) enhancing the infrastructure agility, thus network operators and service providers are able to program their own network functions on vendor independent hardware substrate. However, in order for the SDN/NFV to realize a profit, it must provide a new resource sharing and monitoring procedures among the regionally distributed and virtualized computers. In this paper, we proposes a NFV monitoring architecture based practical measuring framework for network performance measurement. We also proposes a end-to-end connectivity support platform across a whole SDN/NFV networks has not been fully addressed.

关键词： Software defined networking network function virtualization NFV monitoring

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Exploring Microservices as the Architecture of Choice for network function virtualization Platforms

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IEEE network 2019年第2期33卷 202-210页

作者： Hawilo, Hassan Jammal, Manar Shami, Abdallah Western Univ London ON Canada Western Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn London ON Canada

NFV is an emerging key technology that over-comes many challenges facing network service providers, such as reducing the capital and the operating expenses and satisfying the growing demand for mobile services. Integrating NFV with MEC and cloud environments requires an architecture that enables efficient implementations and deployments of NFV entities. Microservices architecture is a promising implementation of service-oriented architecture with recognized advantages in terms of modularity and continuous delivery. This article envisions microservices architecture as the solution of choice for building NFV platforms that are hosted in a dynamic environment ranging from MEC to cloud environments. This article addresses the major challenges and requirements of the microservices architecture to fully-exploit the potential of its adoption in NFV. It also proposes potential solutions that alleviate these issues. The article also discusses the need for agile and modular NFV entities along with MEC to realize various applications. To this end, the article discusses explicitly a novel NFV rnicroservices entities scheduler optimization model. The proposed scheduler aims at minimizing network delays while taking into consideration various functional and non-functional constraints. The evaluation of the simulation results demonstrates that the proposed model minimizes the computational paths' latencies and improves the performance and availability of the NFV service chains.

关键词： Cloud computing Computer architecture network function virtualization Protocols Servers Software Streaming media

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Quality of service provisioning in network function virtualization: a survey

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COMPUTING 2021年第5期103卷 917-991页

作者： Mostafavi, Seyedakbar Hakami, Vesal Sanaei, Maryam Yazd Univ Dept Comp Engn Yazd Iran Iran Univ Sci & Technol Ctr Excellence Future Networks Sch Comp Engn Tehran Iran

network function virtualization (NFV) is a promising paradigm for network service provisioning which decouples the network functions from the physical infrastructure, allowing to deploy the virtualized network functions (VNF) as modular software components over commodity servers. In this architecture, service function chaining (SFC) creates an application-specific network overlay which determines the placement and ordering of network functions in a specific service delivery chain. The diverse choices for VNF placement over physical hardware, scheduling of VNF instances to run over the servers and design of optimal chaining mechanisms for traffic steering in the network have direct consequences on the quality-of-service (QoS) perceived by the network users. Previous surveys have focused on categorizing and evaluating various aspects of SFC, NFV and SDN. Due to the tight coupling of QoS provisioning with NFV problems, our work aims primarily at complementing the existing surveys in the sense that we review and classify the state-of-art research efforts in NFV design and implementation from the perspective of QoS provisioning. Our survey provides a closer look at the design space of QoS-related NFV solutions and sheds light on the open research topics in relevance with QoS-based SFC. We also present a case study to evaluate the performance of some recent VNF placement algorithms.

关键词： network function virtualization Quality of service Virtual network function

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Toward network function virtualization for cognitive wireless mesh networks: a TCP case study

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND networkING 2015年第1期000卷 1-16页

作者： Kim, Wooseong Gachon Univ Dept Comp Engn Songnam South Korea

Nowadays, cognitive radio (CR) is considered the key technology to deploy wireless nodes that are able to adapt their transmission parameters based on the characteristics of the environment. In our previous works, we leveraged the reconfigurability properties offered by the CR technology to implement Cognitive Wireless Mesh networks (CMNs) operating on the 2.4-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. Urban-X, a new architecture for Multi-radio Cognitive Mesh networks, self-configures and self-adapts to the dynamic interference conditions experienced on the Wi-Fi channels in dense urban environments. Urban-X estimates traffic load of existing users outside the mesh in each channel and utilizes less occupied channels opportunistically. In such dynamic environment, a transport layer protocol can suffer from variation in delay and available bandwidth due to spectrum sensing and mobility. Several TCP solutions for the CWMNs have been proposed but they could not be employed for implementation due to complexity and inefficiency. Instead, we adopt network function virtualization (NFV) technique which allows to instantiate virtualized network functions (VNFs) dynamically on demands. For this, we propose overall architecture of NFV framework for the CMNs and apply TCP accelerators (ACC) VNFs to improve TCP throughput as a case study. Simulation results show TCP-ACC VNF can achieve a notable performance enhancement compared to previous TCPs for the CMNs.

关键词： Cognitive radio network function virtualization TCP

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An Approach for Service function Chain Routing and Virtual function network Instance Migration in network function virtualization Architectures

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON networkING 2017年第4期25卷 2008-2025页

作者： Eramo, Vincenzo Miucci, Emanuele Ammar, Mostafa Lavacca, Francesco Giacinto Sapienza Univ Rome DIET I-00184 Rome Italy Georgia Inst Technol Coll Comp Atlanta GA 30332 USA

network function virtualization foresees the virtualization of service functions and their execution on virtual machines. Any service is represented by a service function chain (SFC) that is a set of VNFs to be executed according to a given order. The running of VNFs needs the instantiation of VNF Instances (VNFIs) that in general are software modules executed on virtual machines. The virtualization challenges include: 1) where to instantiate VNFIs;ii) how many resources to allocate to each VNFI;iii) how to route SFC requests to the appropriate VNFIs in the right sequence;and iv) when and how to migrate VNFIs in response to changes to SFC request intensity and location. We develop an approach that uses three algorithms that are used back-to-back resulting in VNFI placement, SFC routing, and VNFI migration in response to changing workload. The objective is to first minimize the rejection of SFC bandwidth and second to consolidate VNFIs in as few servers as possible so as to reduce the energy consumed. The proposed consolidation algorithm is based on a migration policy of VNFIs that considers the revenue loss due to QoS degradation that a user suffers due to information loss occurring during the migrations. The objective is to minimize the total cost given by the energy consumption and the revenue loss due to QoS degradation. We evaluate our suite of algorithms on a test network and show performance gains that can be achieved over using other alternative naive algorithms.

关键词： network function virtualization migration policy power consumption Markov decision process

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A comprehensive survey of network function virtualization

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COMPUTER networkS 2018年第Mar.14期133卷 212-262页

作者： Yi, Bo Wang, Xingwei Li, Keqin Das, Sajal K. Huang, Min Northeastern Univ Coll Comp Sci & Engn Shenyang 110169 Liaoning Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Coll Software Shenyang 110169 Liaoning Peoples R China SUNY Coll New Paltz Dept Comp Sci New Paltz NY 12561 USA Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci Rolla MO 65409 USA Northeastern Univ Coll Informat Sci & Engn State Key Lab Synthet Automat Proc Ind Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China

Today's networks are filled with a massive and ever-growing variety of network functions that coupled with proprietary devices, which leads to network ossification and difficulty in network management and service provision. network function virtualization (NFV) is a promising paradigm to change such situation by decoupling network functions from the underlying dedicated hardware and realizing them in the form of software, which are referred to as Virtual network functions (VNFs). Such decoupling introduces many benefits which include reduction of Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operation Expense (OPEX), improved flexibility of service provision, etc. In this paper, we intend to present a comprehensive survey on NFV, which starts from the introduction of NFV motivations. Then, we explain the main concepts of NFV in terms of terminology, standardization and history, and how NFV differs from traditional middle box based network. After that, the standard NFV architecture is introduced using a bottom up approach, based on which the corresponding use cases and solutions are also illustrated. In addition, due to the decoupling of network functionalities and hardware, people's attention is gradually shifted to the VNFs. Next, we provide an extensive and in-depth discussion on state-of-the-art VNF algorithms including VNF placement, scheduling, migration, chaining and multicast. Finally, to accelerate the NFV deployment and avoid pitfalls as far as possible, we survey the challenges faced by NFV and the trend for future directions. In particular, the challenges are discussed from bottom up, which include hardware design, VNF deployment, VNF life cycle control, service chaining, performance evaluation, policy enforcement, energy efficiency, reliability and security, and the future directions are discussed around the current trend towards network softwarization. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： network function virtualization Virtual network function Software defined networking Algorithm network softwarization

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Robust network function virtualization

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networkS 2020年第4期75卷 438-462页

作者： Lin, Tachun Zhou, Zhili Bradley Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Syst Peoria IL 61625 USA Grubhub Chicago IL USA

network function virtualization (NFV) enables on-demand network function (NF) deployment providing agile and dynamic network services. Through an evaluation metric that quantifies the minimal reliability among all NFs for all demands, service providers and operators may better facilitate flexible NF service recovery and migration, thus offering higher service reliability. In this paper, we present evaluation metrics on NFV reliability and solution approaches to solve robust NFV under random NF-enabled node failure(s). We demonstrate how to construct an auxiliary NF-enabled network and its mapping onto the physical substrate network. With the constructed NF-enabled network, we develop pseudo-polynomial algorithms to solve the robust NF and SFC s - t path problems: subproblems of robust NFV. We also present approximation algorithms for robust NFV with the SFC-Fork as the NF forwarding graph. Furthermore, we propose exact solution approaches via mixed-integer linear programming under the general setting. Computational results show that our proposed solution approaches are capable of managing robust NFV in a large-size network.

关键词： approximation algorithm cross-layer network network function virtualization quality-of-service robustness of network function service service function chaining

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A Disaggregated Packet Processing Architecture for network function virtualization

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第6期38卷 1075-1088页

作者： Chowdhury, Shihabur Rahman Anthony Bian, Haibo Bai, Tim Boutaba, Raouf Univ Waterloo David R Cheriton Sch Comp Sci Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Huawei Technol Canada Markham ON L3R 5A4 Canada Bioinformat Solut Inc Waterloo ON N2L 6J2 Canada Desire2Learn Canada Kitchener ON N2G 1H6 Canada

network function virtualization (NFV) promises to reduce the capital and operational expenditure for network operators by moving packet processing from purpose-built hardware to software running on commodity servers. However, the state-of-the-art in NFV is merely replacing monolithic hardware with monolithic Virtual network functions (VNFs), i.e., software that realizes different network functions. This is a good first step towards transitioning to NFV, however, common functionality is repeatedly implemented in monolithic VNFs. Repeated execution of such redundant functionality is particularly common when VNFs are chained to realize Service function Chains (SFCs) and results in wasted infrastructure resources. This stresses the need for re-architecting the NFV ecosystem, through modular VNF design and flexible service composition. From this perspective, we propose MicroNF (mu NF in short), a disaggregated packet processing architecture facilitating the deployment of VNFs and SFCs using reusable, loosely-coupled, and independently deployable components. We have implemented the proposed system, including the different architecture components and optimizations for improving packet processing throughput and latency. Extensive experiments on a testbed demonstrate that: (i) compared to monolithic VNF based SFCs, those composed of mu NFs achieve the same packet processing throughput while using less CPU cycles per packet on average;and (ii) mu NF-based SFCs can sustain the same packet processing throughput as those based on state-of-the-art run-to-completion VNF architecture while using lesser number of CPU cores.

关键词： Task analysis Resource management Computer architecture Hardware Software Noise measurement Middleboxes network function virtualization microservices middleboxes virtual network function decomposition

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Information Exchange Management as a Service for network function virtualization Environments

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON network AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2016年第3期13卷 564-577页

作者： Mamatas, Lefteris Clayman, Stuart Galis, Alex Univ Macedonia Dept Appl Informat GR-54636 Thessaloniki Greece UCL Dept Elect & Elect Engn London WC1E 7JE England

The Internet landscape is gradually adopting new communication paradigms characterized by flexibility and adaptability to the resource constraints and service requirements, including network function virtualization (NFV), software-defined networks, and various virtualization and network slicing technologies. These approaches need to be realized from multiple management and network entities exchanging information between each other. We propose a novel information exchange management as a service facility as an extension to ETSI's NFV management and orchestration framework, namely the virtual infrastructure information service (VIS). VIS is characterized by the following properties: 1) it exhibits the dynamic characteristics of such network paradigms;2) it supports information flow establishment, operation, and optimization;and 3) it provides a logically centralized control of the established information flows with respect to the diverse demands of the entities exchanging information elements. Our proposal addresses the information exchange management requirements of NFV environments and is information-model agnostic. This paper includes an experimental analysis of its main functional and non-functional characteristics.

关键词： network function virtualization NFV management and orchestration information exchange management as a service

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