The switch in video delivery from traditional medium to Over-The-Top (OTT) based services has been a game changer for stakeholders of the media delivery ecosystem. It has changed the value chain enabling Content Deliv...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509013296
The switch in video delivery from traditional medium to Over-The-Top (OTT) based services has been a game changer for stakeholders of the media delivery ecosystem. It has changed the value chain enabling Content Delivery networks and Content Providers to take the lion's share at the expense of Internet/network Service Providers. Even if establishing collaboration between them naturally appears as the key to provide good Quality of Service to the end-users, they struggle in finding efficient and fair ways to do so. This paper directly tackles this problem and proposes a new model for content delivery actors to collaborate over a Virtualized Infrastructure, fairly balancing the revenue stream created. We list the main challenges and the new technical opportunities to solve them, among which the deployment of a distributed network function virtualization (NFV) platform at the edge of the Internet Service Provider's network where a virtual Content Delivery network (vCDN) is proposed to be deployed. Furthermore, we apply a game-theoretic analysis to study different ISP-CDN collaboration models and identify optimality conditions for our proposed CDN-as-a-Virtual-network-function approach.
This book was written by leading experts in the field of 5G mobile communications. The contents are based on several deliverables of the European Union (EU) project, Mobile and Wireless Communication Enablers for the ...
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This book was written by leading experts in the field of 5G mobile communications. The contents are based on several deliverables of the European Union (EU) project, Mobile and Wireless Communication Enablers for the Twenty-Twenty Information Society (METIS), which was accomplished between 2012 and 2015 by 25 companies and institutions from all over Europe. After a short introduction in Chapter 1, the following 13 chapters reflect the results of the work packages of the METIS project. The book may be a good starting point to become acquainted with novel transmission techniques and networking solutions proposed for 5G system. Nearly 600 references will help the interested reader dive deeper into a specific topic. It may also serve as a valuable source of information for graduate students specializing in mobile communications. I can truly recommend this book to the entire wireless communication community.
As the number of devices using LTE network increases, the demand for real-time applications such as mobile cloud access, augmented reality, and voice over IP (VoIP) is also on the increase. To support such real-time a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509027446
As the number of devices using LTE network increases, the demand for real-time applications such as mobile cloud access, augmented reality, and voice over IP (VoIP) is also on the increase. To support such real-time applications in mobile environments, a new handover technology for low latency is required. In 5G systems, networkfunctions virtualization (NFV) can be implemented for low latency handover. In this paper, LTE handover procedure is analyzed based on the 3GPP standard and delay performance of LTE handover when adopting NFV is presented.
network function virtualization (NFV) explores the virtualization technologies to offer network-as-a-Service (NaaS) through connected virtual networkfunctions. The network operations that were previously performed by...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509013296
network function virtualization (NFV) explores the virtualization technologies to offer network-as-a-Service (NaaS) through connected virtual networkfunctions. The network operations that were previously performed by specialized hardware are consolidated as software-based virtual networkfunctions (VNFs). These VNFs can be implemented in the telecom clouds with high volume servers, switches and storage. With the NFV orchestration, a service function graph (SFG) can be built to provide network services. In this paper, we study how to efficiently construct the SFG from a set of VNF requests and map the SFG onto the substrate network while considering the priority dependence between the VNFs. We define the problem of service function graph design and mapping (SFG_PD) and propose an SFG_PD mapping with dependent directional acyclic graph (SFG_DAG) algorithm. The proposed SFG_DAG algorithm can jointly construct the VNFs graph and map VNFs onto the substrate network while minimizing the bandwidth consumption in the substrate network. Our simulation and analysis show that accommodating the VNFs based on the requested bandwidth yields the best performance in terms of the total bandwidth consumption.
NetVM brings virtualization to the network by enabling high bandwidth networkfunctions to operate at near line speed, while taking advantage of the flexibility and customization of low cost commodity servers. NetVM a...
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NetVM brings virtualization to the network by enabling high bandwidth networkfunctions to operate at near line speed, while taking advantage of the flexibility and customization of low cost commodity servers. NetVM allows customizable data plane processing capabilities such as firewalls, proxies, and routers to be embedded within virtual machines, complementing the control plane capabilities of Software Defined networking. NetVM makes it easy to dynamically scale, deploy, and reprogram networkfunctions. This provides far greater flexibility than existing purpose-built, sometimes proprietary hardware, while still allowing complex policies and full packet inspection to determine subsequent processing. It does so with dramatically higher throughput than existing software router platforms. NetVM is built on top of the KVM platform and Intel DPDK library. We detail many of the challenges we have solved such as adding support for highspeed inter-VM communication through shared huge pages and enhancing the CPU scheduler to prevent overheads caused by inter-core communication and context switching. NetVM allows true zero-copy delivery of data to VMs both for packet processing and messaging among VMs within a trust boundary. Our evaluation shows how NetVM can compose complex networkfunctionality from multiple pipelined VMs and still obtain throughputs up to 10 Gbps, an improvement of more than 250% compared to existing techniques that use SR-IOV for virtualized networking.
In an operator's datacenter, optical technologies can be employed to perform networkfunction (NF) chaining for larger aggregated flows in parallel with the conventional packet-based fine-grained traffic steering ...
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In an operator's datacenter, optical technologies can be employed to perform networkfunction (NF) chaining for larger aggregated flows in parallel with the conventional packet-based fine-grained traffic steering schemes. When network function virtualization (NFV) is enabled, virtualized NFs (vNF) can be placed when and where needed. In this study, we identify the possibility of minimizing the expensive optical/electronic/optical (O/E/O) conversions for NFV chaining in packet/optical datacenters, which is introduced by the on-demand placement of vNFs. When the vNFs of the same NF chain are properly grouped into fewer pods, traffic flows can avoid unnecessary traversals in the optical domain. We formulate the problem of optimal vNF placement in binary integer programming (BIP), and propose an alternative efficient heuristic algorithm to solve this problem. Evaluation results show that our algorithm can achieve near-optimal O/E/O conversions comparable to BIP. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm under various scenarios, with comparison to a simple first-fit algorithm.
The introduction of the two new paradigms Software Defined networks (SDN) and networkfunctions virtualization (NFV) in the Internet is revolutionizing its design and management, creating many new challenging problems...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509013043
The introduction of the two new paradigms Software Defined networks (SDN) and networkfunctions virtualization (NFV) in the Internet is revolutionizing its design and management, creating many new challenging problems regarding resource allocation and orchestration. Little attention has been paid up to now to the "intranode" resource allocation. In this context, this paper introduces an analytical model of an SDN/NFV node that implements NARR, a processor sharing strategy proposed by the same authors to reduce delays by assigning a larger processor portion to the flows that will leave the node through a less loaded output network interface card (NIC). Numerical results analytically demonstrates the gain achieved by applying NARR, and give important insights for future work.
Recent advances in networking, namely the reemergence of network programmability with a new name, that of Software-Defined networking (SDN) have paved the way for a new approach to network datapath configuration. SDN ...
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Recent advances in networking, namely the reemergence of network programmability with a new name, that of Software-Defined networking (SDN) have paved the way for a new approach to network datapath configuration. SDN provides an abstraction model of the forwarding plane and separates it from the control plane using open APIs. On the other hand, regarding network infrastructure, motivated by the advances of virtualization, major operators created the network function virtualization (NFV) group, as an Industry Specification Group at the European Telecommunications Standards Institute. NFV's goal is to define how networkfunctions such as firewalls and load-balancers or any other data or control plane functionality in the mobile and fixed network, can be virtualized and run as software on high-volume servers instead of using specialized hardware. We argue that both SDN and NFV are part of a bigger networking picture, that of the complete lifecycle of the network devices and therefore could take advantage of the definition of a common abstraction model, both for the forwarding model and for the networkfunctions. Such a model will allow interoperability and homogeneity, as well as one protocol, for control, management and orchestration of the network datapath and the networkfunctions respectively. This paper proposes, defines and designs a reference network Abstraction Model based on a building block approach and demonstrates an initial proof-of-concept implementation.
Enterprise networks widely deploy middleboxes to apply load-balancing techniques, to enforce policy compliance, and to improve security. Middlebox platforms, however, are closed systems and expensive. In turn, network...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509046720
Enterprise networks widely deploy middleboxes to apply load-balancing techniques, to enforce policy compliance, and to improve security. Middlebox platforms, however, are closed systems and expensive. In turn, network function virtualization (NFV) allows to deploy packet-processing middleboxes as virtual networkfunctions, and to decouple the function from the physical realization. In this paper, we address the challenge of efficiently chaining virtual networkfunctions. We propose and compare four heuristics for allocating virtual networkfunctions over a network topology. Our proposal focuses on a greedy algorithm that allocates on demand a sequence of virtual networkfunctions. We compare our four heuristics: (i) minimum introduced latency between source and destination nodes; (ii) minimum resource usage on the network nodes; (iii) the most central nodes first; and (iv) weighted decision between minimum latency and resource usage. We simulate our proposal over a real network topology, and the results show that we allocate 53% more requests when using the resource usage heuristic, and we reduce into 52% the average delay when using the latency heuristic.
networkfunctions virtualization is a new technology for the future internet that eliminates the dependency of the networkfunction and the hardware requirement. The networkfunctions virtualization provides a success...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509044719
networkfunctions virtualization is a new technology for the future internet that eliminates the dependency of the networkfunction and the hardware requirement. The networkfunctions virtualization provides a successful approach for meeting the increase in demand of the end-to-end (E2E) services with low operational and capital costs. Replacing the network specific purpose hardware (e.g. firewall) with a software implementation of the networkfunctions in which a chain of Virtualized networkfunctions (VNFs) can logically connect the end points and provide the desired network services. However, this approach is associated with the challenge of dynamically mapping the predefined VNFs onto the existing substrate network in an optimal way. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective approach for mapping the VNFs with the physical resources in a dynamic service request environment. The algorithm considers the priority dependency between the VNFs as a case of study, with the objective of minimizing the mapping blocking rate.
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