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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMPUTER SOCIETY 2022年第1期3卷 281-294页

作者： Li, Longqu Zheng, Pengxin Chen, Quan Wang, Tao Wang, Feng Tao, Yongchao Sun, Jizhou Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Informat Engn Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China Shenzhen Acad Aerosp Technol Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China Huaiyin Inst Technol Sch Comp & Software Engn Huaian Peoples R China

network function virtualization (NFV) has becoming an emerging technology for ensuring the reliability, security and scalability of data flows. The Virtual network function (VNF) embedding problem, which tries to minimize the embedding cost and link connection cost toward customers or maximize network throughput for a given set of NFV-enabled requests, has attracted extensive interests recently. However, the existing works always assume the fixed execution order of VNFs, which limits their application. Thus, we investigate the VNF embedding problem without such limitations in this paper. Firstly, we propose a general transformation framework for the NFV-enabled unicast routing problem with arbitrary order of service function chains, and an optimal algorithm is proposed for the unicast VNF embedding problem without delay constraint. Secondly, an efficient algorithm with theoretical guarantee is also proposed for such a problem with delay constraint. Thirdly, the throughput maximization problem where there exists a set of unicast requests with delay constraints is also investigated, and an efficient algorithm is also proposed to maximize the number of admitted requests while the total traffic delivery cost is minimized. Finally, we evaluate the proposed algorithms via extensive simulations, which demonstrates the high efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： Delay-aware unicast routing network function virtualization service function chain software defined network throughput maximization

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Optimal Non-Order NFV Enabled Multicasting in Mobile Edge Clouds 98

Optimal Non-Order NFV Enabled Multicasting in Mobile Edge Cl...

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98th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)

作者： Xia, Jungeng Wu, Yuhang Wang, Kaijia Chen, Quan Cheng, Lianglun Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Guangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329285

Multicast is a fundamental function in network traffic engineering, allowing data traffic to be delivered from the source node to multiple destinations efficiently. To ensure the reliability and security of data traffic, NFV-enabled multicast (network function virtualization) has emerged as a promising technology to reduce deployment and maintenance costs in mobile edge clouds, and has drawn extensive researching interests recently. However, existing works all assume that the Service function Chain (SFC) follows a fixed-order, which greatly limits its application. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the first work to address the sequential SFC embedding problem without a fixed order for NFV-enabled multicasting in mobile edge clouds. Firstly, we formulate such a minimum cost SFC embedding problem and prove it to be NP-hard. Secondly, we propose a min-path breadth-first based progressive embedding algorithm (MBPE) for NFV-enabled multicasting, which achieves an approximation ratio of 1+K, where K represents the approximation ratio of the Steiner tree problem. Finally, the experiments demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.

关键词： Service function Chain SFC Embedding network function virtualization Multicast

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A Fair Approach to the Online Placement of the network Services over the Edge 19

A Fair Approach to the Online Placement of the Network Servi...

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19th International Conference on network and Service Management (CNSM) - network and Service Management in the Era of Generative AI and Digital Twins

作者： Taghavian, Masoud Hadjadj-Aoul, Yassine Texier, Geraldine Huin, Nicolas Bertin, Philippe IRT BCOM Orange France IMT Atlantique IRISA Adopnet Rennes France Univ Rennes CNRS INRIA IRISA Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)9783903176591

The unavoidable transition from rigid dedicated hardware devices towards flexible containerized network services, introduced by network function virtualization (NFV), brings novel opportunities while presenting several new challenges. Indeed, meeting the expectations of NFV in post-5G networks depends on the efficient placement of the services. The online placement of network services, demanding strict end-to-end latency requirements, with restricted computing resources presents a challenging problem which is worth investigating. We propose a Branch-and-Bound search approach for finding optimal placements of the network services by applying several cost functions to maximize the service acceptance. Extensive evaluations have been carried out, and the results confirm significant improvements when we consider a fair distribution of the resources on the edge.

关键词： network function virtualization Placement Branch-and-Bound Edge QoS

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Service function Chaining in LEO Satellite networks via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Service Function Chaining in LEO Satellite Networks via Mult...

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IEEE Conference on Global Communications (IEEE GLOBECOM) - Intelligent Communications for Shared Prosperity

作者： Doan, Khai Avgeris, Marios Leivadeas, Aris Lambadaris, Ioannis Shin, Wonjae Carleton Univ Dept Syst & Comp Engn Ottawa ON Canada Ecole Technol Super Dept Software & IT Engn Montreal PQ Canada Korea Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350310900

Low-earth-orbit satellite networks (LSNs) offer an enhanced global connectivity and a wide range of applications such as disaster response and military operations, among others. Each specific application can be represented by a service function chain (SFC) in which each function is considered as a task in the application. Our objective is to optimize the long-term system performance by minimizing the average end-toend delay of SFC deployments in LSNs. To achieve this, we formulate a dynamic programming (DP) problem to derive an optimal placement policy. To overcome the computational intractability, the need for statistical knowledge of SFC requests, and centralized decision-making challenges, we present amulti-agent Q-learning approach where satellites act as independent agents. To facilitate performance convergence in non-stationary agents' environments, we let agents to collaborate by sharing designated learning parameters. In addition, agents update their Q-tables via two distinct rules depending on selected actions. Extensive experimentation shows that our approach achieves convergence and performance relatively close to the optimum obtained by solving the formulated DP equation.

关键词： network function virtualization Service function Chaining Satellite networks Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

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Seamless Hardware-Accelerated Kubernetes networking 2

Seamless Hardware-Accelerated Kubernetes Networking

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2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Future of Internet Routing and Addressing, FIRA 2023

作者： Iordache-Sica, Mircea M. Kraiser, Tula Komolafe, Olufemi Arista Networks United Kingdom Arista Networks Santa ClaraCA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702761

Kubernetes has quickly become the industry-standard Service management and orchestration framework. However, Kubernetes networking has traditionally been achieved by software implementations of CNI (Container networking Interface) plugins with performance limitations. This paper puts forward the integration of hardware networking appliances for enhancing Kubernetes performance in Data Center environments by utilising the Hardware Accelerated Kubernetes (HAcK) architecture. The proposed architecture is applied to the implementation of the HAcK LoadBalancer which leverages industry-grade network appliances for creating unified application and infrastructure management mechanisms. Performance of the system is evaluated in real data centre scenarios. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Mobility Management: A Satellite-Aerial-Ground Integrated network Perspective 22

Mobility Management: A Satellite-Aerial-Ground Integrated Ne...

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22nd IEEE Consumer Communications and networking Conference, CCNC 2025

作者： Noreen, Shama Daurembekova, Ainur Schotten, Hans D. KaiserslauternD-67663 Germany KaiserslauternD-67663 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508050

The space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) represents a major breakthrough in the advancement of Beyond 5G/6G, seamlessly combining terrestrial network (TN) and nonterrestrial networks (NTN) into a unified multi-layered system by creating a more cohesive and efficient communication infrastructure. However, the high mobility of NTN platforms creates significant challenges in managing user transitions across these interconnected layers. This article offers a concise overview of the unique demands of mobility management (MM) in SAGIN and the architectural developments required to meet the needs of various service categories, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type Communications (mMTC), and ultra reliable low latency Communications (URLLC). Additionally, the article details specific strategies for vertical handovers in SAGIN, as described in the literature, with a focus on the roles of software defined network (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), and network slicing (NS). © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Conventional and Machine Learning Approaches for network and Service Coordination

Conventional and Machine Learning Approaches for Network and...

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4th IEEE Conference on network function virtualization / 9th Software Defined networks Conference (IEEE NFV-SDN)

作者： Schneider, Stefan Paderborn Univ Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302547

network and service coordination is important to provide modern services consisting of multiple interconnected components, e.g., in 5G, network function virtualization (NFV), or cloud and edge computing. In this paper, I outline my dissertation research, which proposes several approaches to automate such network and service coordination. All approaches dynamically react to the current demand and optimize coordination for high service quality and low costs. The approaches range from centralized to distributed methods and from conventional heuristic algorithms and mixed-integer linear programs to machine learning approaches using supervised and reinforcement learning. I briefly discuss their main ideas and advantages over other state-of-the-art approaches and compare strengths and weaknesses.

关键词： network function virtualization

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OccLoff: Learning Optimized Feature Fusion for 3D Occupancy Prediction

OccLoff: Learning Optimized Feature Fusion for 3D Occupancy ...

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2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV 2025

作者： Zhang, Ji Ding, Yiran Liu, Zixin Wuhan University Hubei Province Wuhan430072 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510831

3D semantic occupancy prediction is crucial for finely representing the surrounding environment, which is essential for ensuring the safety in autonomous driving. Existing fusion-based occupancy methods typically involve performing a 2D-to-3D view transformation on image features, followed by computationally intensive 3D operations to fuse these with LiDAR features, leading to high computational costs and reduced accuracy. Moreover, current research on occupancy prediction predominantly focuses on designing specific network architectures, often tailored to particular models, with limited attention given to the more fundamental aspect of semantic feature learning. This gap hinders the development of more transferable methods that could enhance the performance of various occupancy models. To address these challenges, we propose OccLoff, a framework that Learns to Optimize Feature Fusion for 3D occupancy prediction. Specifically, we introduce a sparse fusion encoder with entropy masks that directly fuses 3D and 2D features, improving model accuracy while reducing computational overhead. Additionally, we propose a transferable proxy-based loss function and an adaptive hard sample weighting algorithm, which enhance the performance of several state-of-the-art methods. Extensive evaluations on the nuScenes and SemanticKITTI benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our framework, and ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of each proposed module. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： network function virtualization

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network slice Deployment Method for Cryptographic Computing Isolation Requirements

Network slice Deployment Method for Cryptographic Computing ...

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2023 International Conference on Computer, Artificial Intelligence, and Control Engineering, CAICE 2023

作者： Wang, Miao Zhao, Kun Sun, Lei Zang, Weifei Song, Shuaichao Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510665040

In order to enhance the isolation security of 5G cryptographic computing, a network slice deployment method for cryptographic computing isolation was proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on hardware cryptographic virtualization technology, the network function virtualization (NFV) architecture based on cryptographic card virtualization was designed in this paper. By analyzing the characteristics of cryptographic calculation of different virtual network function (VNF) requirement in 5G network slices, the allocation policies of cryptographic resources are set. Then, the deployment method was established as a mixed integer programming model, taking the deployment cost as the objective function, and reducing the deployment cost of network slice by minimizing the objective function. Finally, genetic algorithm is used to simulate the model. Experiments show that the proposed method reduces the deployment cost on the premise of ensuring security. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Enhancing Service Classification for network Slicing in 5G Using Machine Learning Algorithms 6th

Enhancing Service Classification for Network Slicing in 5G U...

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6th International Conference on New Trends in Information and Communications Technology Applications, NTICT 2022

作者： Mohammedali, Noor Abdalkarem Kanakis, Triantafyllos Al-Sherbaz, Ali Agyeman, Michael Opoku Hasson, Saad Talib University of Northampton Northampton United Kingdom School of Computing and Engineering University of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire United Kingdom College of Information Technology University of Babylon Babylon Iraq

ISBN: (纸本)9783031354410

In a virtualization aspect, network function virtualization (NFV) has a role in implementing network slicing. Using NFV to slice the network, make the network more flexible, but very complicated in term of management. A slice is a set of services that the network needs based on the user requirements. Moreover, each slice has a set of services called sub-slice, or one type of service. This research aims to improve the availability and scalability of the services in network slicing by managing the performance of the inter/intra slice in real-time. Also, this research will enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) for the network resources and services and the Quality of Experience (QoE) for the users within the slice when we applied machine learning algorithms to classify and predicate accurate service to the user. With this research, we implemented the slices based on the principles of NFV to deliver flexibility in the 5G network by creating multiple slices on top of the physical network. When the implementation of the prototype is completed, traffic generated tool was used to send traffic over the slices. After data collection, we classified different services using machine learning algorithms. The optimizable tree model had almost high accuracy among other algorithms which was 99.3%. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： network function virtualization

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