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Space network Emulation System Based on User-Space network Stack NOS

ZTE Communications 2025年

作者： LEI Jianzhe ZHAO Kanglian HOU Dongxu ZHOU Fenlin Nanjing University ZTE Corporation

This paper presents a space network emulation system based on a user-space network stack NOS(network operating system) to solve space networks’ unique architecture and routing challenges and kernel stacks’ inefficiency and development complexity. Our low Earth orbit satellite scenario emulation verifies the dynamic routing function of the protocol stack. The proposed system uses technologies like Open vSwitch (OVS) and traffic control (TC) to emulate the space network’s highly dynamic topology and time-varying link characteristics. The emulation results demonstrate the system’s high reliability， and the user-space network stack reduces development complexity and debugging difficulty， providing convenience for the development of space network protocols and network functions.

关键词： network emulation space network user-space network stack network function virtualization

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Reliable and Time-Efficient Virtualized function Placement

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IEEE MICRO 2021年第1期41卷 45-53页

作者： Ben Haim, Roi Rottenstreich, Ori Technion Israel Inst Technol IL-3200003 Haifa Israel

Reliability and time-efficiency are two key elements to consider in network design. Commonly, each is measured per service-availability probability of a specific service, the latency of a specific service, and overall-system average reliability and average latency, considering the demand for every service. Intuitively, minimizing latency requires minimizing the number of network elements a service makes use of. In a nonredundant environment, this would also guarantee the maximal reliability of a service, as reliability degrades when relying on more elements. However, reliability is often guaranteed by allocating backup resources. We explain that such redundancy or the joint support for multiple services can impose a tradeoff between reliability and time-efficiency criteria. In this article, we study the conditions for the existence of such a tradeoff and design solutions that jointly take care of both design goals.

关键词： Computer network Reliability Probability Resource Allocation Virtualisation network Elements Maximal Reliability Time Efficiency Criteria network Design Availability Probability System Average Reliability Latency Minimization Nonredundant Environment Backup Resource Allocation Servers Reliability Redundancy network function virtualization Resource Management Middleboxes

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Application-Driven Provisioning of Service function Chains Over Heterogeneous NFV Platforms

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON network AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2021年第3期18卷 3037-3048页

作者： Dong, Lu da Fonseca, Nelson L. S. Zhu, Zuqing Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Informat Sci & Technol Hefei 230027 Peoples R China Univ Estadual Campinas Inst Comp BR-13083852 Campinas Brazil

Although network function virtualization (NFV) has been proven to be beneficial in terms of equipment cost, service delivery flexibility, and time-to-market, most of the studies in this area only addressed homogeneous NFV platforms (e.g., with virtual machines (VMs) only). In this work, we argue that by leveraging heterogeneous NFV platforms such as VMs, docker containers, and programmable hardware accelerators (e.g., SmartNICs), one could achieve better flexibility and cost-effectiveness to support virtual network function service chains (vNF-SCs) with various quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Therefore, we study application-driven provisioning of vNF-SCs over heterogeneous NFV platforms, and design a polynomial-time approximation algorithm to tackle the problem for near-optimal solutions. We first introduce a layered auxiliary graph (LAG) based approach to model the problem of vNF-SC provisioning, and then formulate a novel integer linear programming (ILP) model based on it. Specifically, the ILP model minimizes the total cost of vNF-SC deployment while ensuring that the QoS requirements of all the vNF-SCs are satisfied. To solve the ILP time-efficiently, we propose an approximation algorithm based on linear programming (LP) relaxation and randomized rounding. Extensive simulations confirm that with significantly improved time-efficiency, our proposed algorithm can provide near-optimal solutions whose gaps to the exact ones are bounded.

关键词： Approximation algorithms Quality of service network function virtualization Containers Hardware Optimization Heuristic algorithms network function virtualization (NFV) heterogeneous NFV platforms service function chaining approximation algorithm linear relaxation

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Service Provisioning for UAV-Enabled Mobile Edge Computing

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第11期39卷 3287-3305页

作者： Qu, Yuben Dai, Haipeng Wang, Haichao Dong, Chao Wu, Fan Guo, Song Wu, Qihui Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Minghang 200240 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Minist Ind & Informat Technol Key Lab Dynam Cognit Syst Electromagnet Spectrum Nanjing 211106 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Arm Engn PLA Coll Commun Engn Nanjing 210007 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Key Lab Dynam Cognit Syst Electromagnet Spect Nanjing 211106 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Shenzhen Res Inst Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Comp Hong Kong Peoples R China

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled mobile edge computing has been recognized as a promising technology to flexibly and efficiently handle computation-intensive and latency-sensitive tasks in the era of fifth generation (5G) and beyond. In this paper, we study the problem of Service Provisioning for UAV-enabled mobile edge computiNg (SPUN). Specifically, under task latency requirements and various resource constraints, we jointly optimize the service placement, UAV movement trajectory, task scheduling, and computation resource allocation, to minimize the overall energy consumption of all terrestrial user equipments (UEs). Due to the non-convexity of the SPUN problem as well as complex coupling among mixed integer variables, it is a non-convex mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. To solve this challenging problem, we propose two alternating optimization-based suboptimal solutions with different time complexities. In the first solution with relatively high complexity in the worst case, the joint service placement and task scheduling subproblem, and UAV trajectory subproblem are iteratively solved by the Branch and Bound (BnB) method and successive convex approximation (SCA), respectively, while the optimal solution to the computation resource allocation subproblem is efficiently obtained in the closed form. To avoid the high complexity caused by BnB, in the second solution, we propose a novel approximation algorithm based on relaxation and randomized rounding techniques for the joint service placement and task scheduling subproblem, while the other two subproblems are solved in the same way as that of the first solution. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed solutions achieve significantly lower energy consumption of UEs compared to three benchmarks.

关键词： Task analysis Trajectory Servers Resource management Processor scheduling Optimization Minimization Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) edge computing network function virtualization

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A review on WSN based resource constrained smart IoT systems

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-46页

作者： Hudda, Shreeram Haribabu, K. Pilani Campus Rajasthan Pilani333031 India

In Wireless Sensor network (i.e. WSN) based resource constrained Internet of Things (i.e. IoT) environments, efficient data forwarding is achieved through cluster based mechanisms, where cluster heads facilitate communication among themselves and with the sink node. Data collected by each cluster head is temporarily buffered before being transmitted to the sink via multi-hop communication. The integration of advanced wireless technologies, such as 5th Generation (i.e. 5G) networks, offers significant benefits, including reduced latency, extensive coverage, improved spectral efficiency, and higher data transmission rates. Incorporating Device-to-Device (i.e. D2D) communication further enhances energy efficiency and offloads data traffic, addressing critical IoT requirements such as low latency, increased network capacity, and improved spectral and energy efficiency. Software Defined networking (i.e. SDN) addresses diverse IoT network needs across domains like smart grids, healthcare, traffic signaling, agriculture, and smart homes by enabling efficient communication, network management, and innovative control procedures. However, SDN’s application for anomaly detection and primary defense against security threats in IoT systems remains underexplored. This research investigates the potential of the design of an intelligent mechanism for energy efficient, privacy preserving, and secure communication in WSN based resource constrained IoT systems. The proposed approach leverages advanced technologies such as SDN, Machine Learning (i.e. ML), Deep Learning (i.e. DL), D2D communication, Computer Vision, and network function virtualization (i.e. NFV). Additionally, it emphasizes assessing and offloading specific IoT application functions onto the network’s edge to enhance performance. Moreover, the development of lightweight security mechanisms for secure communication in resource constrained IoT environments is also identified as a crucial research domain. © The Author(s) 2

关键词： network function virtualization

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Anomaly Detection and Localization in NFV Systems: an Unsupervised Learning Approach

Anomaly Detection and Localization in NFV Systems: an Unsupe...

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IEEE/IFIP network Operations and Management Symposium

作者： Johari, Seyed Soheil Shahriar, Nashid Tornatore, Massimo Boutaba, Raouf Saleh, Aladdin Univ Waterloo David R Cheriton Sch Comp Sci Waterloo ON Canada Univ Regina Dept Comp Sci Regina SK Canada Politecn Milan Milan Italy Rogers Commun Canada Inc Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665406017

Due to the scarcity of labeled faulty data, Unsupervised Learning (UL) methods have gained great traction for anomaly detection and localization in network functions virtualization (NFV) systems. In a UL approach, training is performed on only normal data for learning normal data patterns, and deviation from the norm is considered as an anomaly. However, it has been shown that even small percentages of anomalous samples in the training data (referred to as contamination) can significantly degrade the performance of UL methods. To address this issue, we propose an anomaly-detection approach based on the Noisy-Student technique, which was originally introduced for leveraging unlabeled datasets in computer-vision classification problems. Our approach not only provides robustness against training-data contamination, but also can leverage this contamination to improve anomaly-detection accuracy. Moreover, after an anomaly is detected, localization of the anomalous virtualized network functions in an unsupervised manner is a challenging task in the absence of labeled data. For anomaly localization in NFV systems, we propose to exploit existing local AI-explainability methods to achieve a high localization performance and propose our own novel AI-explainability method, specifically designed for the anomaly-localization problem in NFV, to improve the performance further. We perform a comprehensive experimental analysis on two datasets collected on different NFV testbeds and show that our proposed solutions outperform the existing methods by up to 22% in anomaly detection and up to 19% in anomaly localization in terms of F1-score.

关键词： Location awareness Training Training data Robustness network function virtualization Noise measurement Task analysis

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Service-Aware Virtual network function Migration Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning 16th

Service-Aware Virtual Network Function Migration Based on De...

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16th European-Alliance-for-Innovation (EAI) International Conference on Communications and networking in China (ChinaCom)

作者： Li, Zeming Liu, Ziyu Liang, Chengchao Liu, Zhanjun Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Chongqing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030992002;9783030991999

network function virtualization (NFV) aims to provide a way to build agile and flexible networks by building a new paradigm of provisioning network services where network functions are virtualized as Virtual network functions (VNFs). network services are implemented by service function chains, which are formed by a series of VNFs with a specific traversal order. VNF migration is a critical procedure to reconfigure VNFs for providing better network services. However, the migration of VNFs for dynamic service requests is a key challenge. Most VNF migration works mainly focused on static threshold trigger mechanism which will cause frequent migration. Therefore, we propose a novel mechanism to solve the issue in this paper. With the objective of minimizing migration overhead, a stochastic optimization problem based on Markov decision process is formulated. Moreover, we prove the NP-hardness of the problem and propose a service-aware VNF migration scheme based on deep reinforcement learning. Extensive simulations are conducted that the proposed scheme can effectively avoid frequent migration and reduce the migration overhead.

关键词： network function virtualization Virtual network functions Markov decision process Migration Deep reinforcement learning

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Joint Resource Management and Flow Scheduling for SFC Deployment in Hybrid Edge-and-Cloud network 41

Joint Resource Management and Flow Scheduling for SFC Deploy...

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41st IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM)

作者： Mao, Yingling Shang, Xiaojun Yang, Yuanyuan SUNY Stony Brook Dept Elect & Comp Engn Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665458221

network function virtualization (NFV) migrates network functions from proprietary hardware to commercial servers on the edge or cloud, making network services more cost-efficient, manage-convenient, and flexible. To facilitate these advantages, it is critical to find an optimal deployment of the chained virtual network functions, i.e. service function chains (SFCs), in hybrid edge-and-cloud environment, considering both resource and latency. It is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we first limit the problem at the edge and design a constant approximation algorithm named chained next fit (CNF), where a sub-algorithm called double spanning tree (DST) is designed to deal with virtual network embedding. Then we take both cloud and edge resources into consideration and create a promotional algorithm called decreasing sorted, chained next fit (DCNF), which also has a provable constant approximation ratio. The simulation results demonstrate that the ratio between DCNF and the optimal solution is much smaller than the theoretical bound, approaching an average of 1.25. Moreover, DCNF always has a better performance than the benchmarks, which implies that it is a good candidate for joint resource and latency optimization in hybrid edge-and-cloud networks.

关键词： Cloud computing Service function chaining Simulation Approximation algorithms Scheduling network function virtualization Resource management

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Botnet Attack Identification Based on SDN 1

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6th International Symposium on Cyber Security Cryptography and Machine Learning (CSCML)

作者： Dimiter, Avresky Dobrev, Dobrin IRIANC Munich Germany TU Sofia Sofia Bulgaria

ISBN: (数字)9783031076893

ISBN: (纸本)9783031076893;9783031076886

The framework that we are proposing is based on Virtual Security functions (VSF), Openflow, Wasuh (Open-Source Security Platform), Software Define network, Mininet, Pox Controller, Virtual Switches. By using Openflow protocol through virtualized environment of SDN we are capable to analyse entire data stream in network environment. By creating botnet identification virtual security functions, we are capable to increase network security by blocking the attack at the time of the initiation. We are constantly monitoring the network connections and in case of malicious activities Pox Controller is blocking it. VSF will allow to use the capability of framework, in order to protect against different botnet attacks. Each security functions can be activated concurrently for anomaly detection. All functions can be run in parallel and based on stream analyses of Openflow table can identify anomaly.

关键词： Security function Botnet Distributed denial-of-service attack network function virtualization virtualization Openflow Flowtable Controller Wasuh

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Research on Security Service Model of Software Defined network 6

Research on Security Service Model of Software Defined Netwo...

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6th International Symposium on Computer Science and Intelligent Control (ISCSIC)

作者： Wang, Lei Cao, Can Xie, SiJiang Li, Chen Beijing Elect Power Co State Grid Beijing Elect Power Co 41 Qianmen West St Beijing 100031 Peoples R China Anhui Jiyuan Software Co Ltd Jiyuan Software Pk1800 Xiyou Rd Hefei 230088 Anhui Peoples R China Beijing Elect Power Co State Grid Beijing Elect Power Co Informat & Commun branch 41 Qianmen West St Beijing 100031 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665454889

To improve the quality of network security service, the physical device service mode in traditional security service is improved, and the NFV network security service system is constructed by combining software clamed networking (SDN) and network function virtualization technology (NFV). Where, network service is provided in the form of security service chain, and Web security scan service is taken as the task, fmally the implementation and verification of the system are carried out. The test result shows that the security service system based on NFV can balance the load between the security network service devices in the Web security scan, which proves that the network security system based on software defined security and NFV technology can meet certain service requirements, and lays the research foundation for the improvement of the subsequent user network security service.

关键词： software defined network network function virtualization load balancing network security service

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