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A Survey of ICN Content Naming and In-network Caching in 5G and Beyond networks

IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2021年第6期8卷 4081-4104页

作者： Serhane, Oussama Yahyaoui, Khadidja Nour, Boubakr Moungla, Hassine Univ Mustapha Stambouli Comp Sci Dept Mascara 29000 Algeria Beijing Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Univ Paris LIPADE F-75006 Paris France Inst Polytech Paris Telecom SudParis UMR 5157 CNRS F-91120 Palaiseau France

Internet usability is expanded form just human-to-human interactions toward different communication types, while the communication itself is shifting from the host-centric model to the content-centric paradigm. The 5G and beyond networks promise not only to support such changes but also to provide massive data exchange and connectivity with high reliability. The next-generation networking technologies are the key enabled for 5G that aim at building a new ecosystem. One promising piece of this ecosystem is the information-centric network (ICN), which is a future network architecture that tends to tackle the current host-centric model issues. It natively supports several features, including abstraction content naming and transparent in-network content caching that contribute to improve network performance, reduce traffic, and improve the latency. In this article, we first provide a potential road map by introducing different next-generation active technologies to enable the big picture of 5G, including mobile-edge computing (MEC), software-defined networking (SDN), and network function virtualization (NFV). Then, we discuss the need for ICN and its coexistence within this ecosystem. Later, we present an in-depth review of the recent content naming schemes and a comprehensive review of in-network content caching solutions. We classify these solutions into different classes based on the used technologies and their working principle. Finally, we highlight some research challenges and propose promising directions for the research community.

关键词： 5G mobile communication Next generation networking Internet of Things Wireless communication Ecosystems network function virtualization Security 5G networks content naming information-centric network (ICN) in-network functions

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Modelling the Admission Ratio in NFV-Based Converged Optical-Wireless 5G networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2021年第11期70卷 12024-12038页

作者： Mosahebfard, Mohammadreza Vardakas, John S. Verikoulds, Christos Iquadrat Informat Barcelona 08006 Spain Telecommun Technol Ctr Catalonia CTTC CERCA Castelldefels 08860 Spain

network function virtualization (NFV)-based 5G networks deliver specific services to a end-users through the creation of Service function Chains (SFCs), which are composed of a number of Virtualized network functions (VNFs) interconnected via a set of virtual links (vLinks). VNFs consume computational resources of the network's servers, while vLinks utilize the communicational resources of the network. The efficient utilization of network resources remains a challenge in NFV-based networks. To this end, in this paper, we propose an analytical framework for the Admission Ratio (AR) calculation in NFV-based converged optical-wireless 5G networks. The proposed methodology employs a network slicing architecture in which different network slices form end-to-end logically isolated networks and each slice delivers a specific service type to the users through its SFC(s). In the proposed analysis, we not only take into account the occupancy distribution in both the network's computational and communicational domains (servers and fiber links), but we also consider the SFC establishment AR by taking into account different sub-service-classes belonging to different slices. The accuracy of the model is evaluated through the comparison of analytical and simulation results and was found satisfactory. Furthermore, the proposed model is employed for the determination of the optimal (minimum) capacity for all SFCs elements (VNFs and vLinks), in a way that users belonging to a specific slice experience a predefined value of AR as minimum. Additionally, our calculations deploy recursive formulas, which have a low computational complexity, as opposed to time-consuming simulations, without requiring the application of complex optimization algorithms.

关键词： 5G mobile communication Analytical models Servers Passive optical networks Computational modeling Resource management Optimization Analytical model admission ratio network slicing network function virtualization resource management

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Optimal Relocation of Virtualized PDC in Edge-Cloud Architectures under Dynamic Latency Conditions

Optimal Relocation of Virtualized PDC in Edge-Cloud Architec...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer, and Energy Technologies, ICECET 2022

作者： Tzanis, Nikolaos Brodimas, Dimitrios Plakas, Konstantinos Birbas, Michael Birbas, Alexios Dep. of Research Athens Greece University of Patras Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Patras Greece

ISBN: (数字)9781665470872

ISBN: (纸本)9781665470872

The increasing penetration of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in the power grid, combined with the advancements in the communication technologies and the cloud-edge continuum, enable the deployment of sophisticated and demanding synchrophasor-based applications. In synchrophasor networks, Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs) are responsible for the collection, aggregation and time synchronization of PMU datasets and their transmission to the target applications according to specific latency constraints. PMU to PDC latency will be continuously impacted by the deployment of new applications, prone to violations of network related key performance indicators (KPIs). In this work, we present a cloud-edge architecture, which facilitates the continuous monitoring of the target application's performance (Level of measurements Completeness -LoC) and provides an optimal PDC relocation solution through a binary integer linear programming algorithm. PDC relocation becomes feasible by the monitoring of the communication latency at points of interest and by the employment of virtual PDC instances at various nodes. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： network function virtualization

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P4toNFV: Offloading from P4 switches to NFV in programmable data planes

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International Journal of Communication Systems 2024年第5期37卷 e5687-e5687页

作者： Pekar, Adrian Makara, Laszlo A. Lai, Yuan-Cheng Lin, Ying-Dar Seah, Winston Department of Networked Systems and Services Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary HUN-REN-BME Information Systems Research Group Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary Department of Information Management National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand

P4 combines the benefits of hardware-based networking with the adaptability of software-based network operations. However, when faced with intricate network functions, P4 switches reveal constraints in memory and processing primitives. To address these, we advocate offloading traffic demanding intricate processing from the programmable data plane to network function virtualization (NFV). By leveraging this approach, P4 switches handle the core data plane, ensuring maximum performance, whereas virtualized network functions (VNF) cater to the intricate processing. Central to our research is the optimization of this offloading process, specifically considering delay constraints. We developed an analytical model that examines a P4 switch overseen by an SDN controller, integrating an offloading capability to NFV. The principal objective was to determine an offloading rate that minimizes packet processing delay. To this end, we employed a Bounded method, an advancement from Brent's method, to determine this optimal rate. The findings indicate that offloading approximately 66% of packets to the VNF achieves the lowest total delay, registering at 0.1505 (Formula presented.) s. This strategy of optimal offloading can notably reduce the system's average delay as the demand for network functions increases. The optimization technique we adopted exhibited rapid convergence in our experiments, reflecting the method's efficacy. Furthermore, a rigorous parametric sensitivity analysis spanning no offloading, full offloading, and optimal offloading strategies underscores that optimal offloading to NFV consistently augments system performance, particularly in terms of delay reduction. Conclusively, our study furnishes valuable insights into offloading strategies, augmenting the narrative on resource allocation in both PNFs and VNFs. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Communication Systems published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Game Theoretic Approach for a Service function Chain Routing in NFV With Coupled Constraints

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2021年第12期68卷 3557-3561页

作者： Le, Shuting Wu, Yuhu Guo, Yuqian Vecchio, Carmen Del Dalian Univ Technol Sch Control Sci & Engn Dalian 116024 Peoples R China Cent South Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Changsha 410083 Peoples R China Univ Sannio Dept Engn I-82100 Benevento Italy

In this brief, the service function chain (SFC) routing in network function virtualization (NFV) with server capacity limitation and user minimum target rate constraint is investigated simultaneously. After relaxing the constraints by the addition of extra cost terms, an extended NFV game incorporating the coupled constraints is formulated. By using semi-tensor product of matrices, we prove that the formulated game is a potential game which possesses at least one Nash equilibrium. We then present the equilibrium point algorithm for solving the SFC routes problem. The numerical simulation of two cases with constraints and without constraints illustrates the influence of coupled limitations on the SFC routing.

关键词： Servers Games Routing network function virtualization Service function chaining Circuits and systems Telecommunications network function virtualization semi-tensor product of matrices coupled constraints potential game Boolean network

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Multi-Strategy Particle Swarm Optimization based MOEA/D for VNF-SC Deployment

Journal of Network Intelligence

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Journal of network Intelligence 2021年第4期6卷 741-752页

作者： Zhao, Xuelin Zhao, Yansong You, Lei Liu, Zhenghui Xuan, Hejun Li, Yanling Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Xinyang Normal University 237 Nanhu Road Henan Xinyang464000 China Department of Foreign Languages Xinyang Normal University 237 Nanhu Road Henan Xinyang464000 China

network function virtualization (NFV) technology can realize on-demand distribution of network resources and improve network flexibility. It has become one of the key technologies for next-generation communications. Virtual network function Service Chain (VNF-SC) deployment is an important problem faced by network function virtualization technology. In this paper, the problem VNFs deployment for VNF-SC in inter-data center elastic optical networks (inter-DC EONs) is investigated. First, a multi-objective mathematical model, which minimizes total time delay and energy con-sumption, is establish. In this model, VNF-SCs are divide into two classes, i.e., part of required VNFs in each VNF-SC is dependent, others are independent. Second, Multi-Strategy Particle Swarm Optimization based MOEA/D (MSPSO-MOEA/D) is proposed to solve the model effectively. In MSPSO-MOEA/D, Chebyshev decomposition mecha-nism is used to transform multi-objective optimization problem into a series of single objective optimization subproblems. A new optimal mutation strategy is deeply studied in order to propose a new Particle Swarm Optimization (MSPSO) algorithm with multi-strategy. Finally, to show high performance of the proposed algorithm, large number of experiments are conducted. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm has more advantages than compared algorithms. © 2021, Taiwan Ubiquitous Information CO LTD. All rights reserved.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Optimal network Slicing for Service-Oriented networks With Flexible Routing and Guaranteed E2E Latency

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON network AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2021年第4期18卷 4337-4352页

作者： Chen, Wei-Kun Liu, Ya-Feng De Domenico, Antonio Luo, Zhi-Quan Dai, Yu-Hong Beijing Inst Technol Sch Math & Stat Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Beijing Key Lab MCAACI Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Acad Math & Syst Sci Inst Computat Math & Sci Engn Comp State Key Lab Sci & Engn Comp Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Huawei Technol Co Ltd France Res Ctr F-92100 Boulogne France Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shenzhen Res Inst Big Data Shenzhen 518172 Peoples R China

network function virtualization is a promising technology to simultaneously support multiple services with diverse characteristics and requirements in the 5G and beyond networks. In particular, each service consists of a predetermined sequence of functions, called service function chain (SFC), running on a cloud environment. To make different service slices work properly in harmony, it is crucial to appropriately select the cloud nodes to deploy the functions in the SFC and flexibly route the flow of the services such that these functions are processed in the order defined in the corresponding SFC, the end-to-end (E2E) latency constraints of all services are guaranteed, and all cloud and communication resource budget constraints are respected. In this paper, we first propose a new mixed binary linear program (MBLP) formulation of the above network slicing problem that optimizes the system energy efficiency while jointly considers the E2E latency requirement, resource budget, flow routing, and functional instantiation. Then, we develop another MBLP formulation and show that the two formulations are equivalent in the sense that they share the same optimal solution. However, since the numbers of variables and constraints in the second problem formulation are significantly smaller than those in the first one, solving the second problem formulation is more computationally efficient especially when the dimension of the corresponding network is large. Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed formulations compared with the existing ones.

关键词： Routing Cloud computing network slicing Delays 5G mobile communication Service function chaining Data centers Energy efficiency E2E delay network function virtualization network slicing resource allocation service function chain

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Multi-Agent Based Autonomic network Management Architecture

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON network AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2021年第3期18卷 3595-3618页

作者： Arzo, Sisay Tadesse Bassoli, Riccardo Granelli, Fabrizio Fitzek, Frank H. P. Univ Trento Dept Informat Engn & Comp Sci I-38122 Trento Italy Tech Univ Dresden Fac Elect & Comp Engn Deutsch Telekom Chair Commun Networks Inst Commun Technol D-01069 Dresden Germany Cluster Excellence Ctr Tactile Internet Human Loop D-01067 Dresden Germany

The advent of network softwarization is enabling multiple innovative solutions through software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV). Specifically, network softwarization paves the way for autonomic and intelligent networking, which has gained popularity in the research community. Along with the arrival of 5G and beyond, which interconnects billions of devices, the complexity of network management is significantly increasing both investments and operational costs. Autonomic networking is the creation of self-organizing, self-managing, and self-protecting networks, to afford the network management complexes and heterogeneous networks. To achieve full network automation, various aspects of networking need to be addressed. So, this article proposes a novel architecture for the multi-agent-based network automation of the network management system (MANA-NMS). The architecture rely on network function atomization, which defines atomic decision-making units. Such units could represent virtual network functions. These atomic units are autonomous and adaptive. First, the article presents a theoretical discussion of the challenges arisen by automating the decision-making process. Next, the proposed multi-agent system is presented along with its mathematical modeling. Finally, MANA-NMS architecture is mathematically evaluated from functionality, reliability, latency, and resource consumption performance perspectives.

关键词： Automation Computer architecture Software network function virtualization Quality of service Monitoring Mathematical model Autonomic networking multi-agent system network management network function virtualization software defined networking C-RAN 5G future networks

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Availability- and Traffic-Aware Placement of Parallelized SFC in Data Center networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON network AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2021年第1期18卷 182-194页

作者： Wang, Meng Cheng, Bo Wang, Shangguang Chen, Junliang Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Networking & Switching Technol Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

network function virtualization (NFV) brings flexible provisioning and great convenience for enterprises outsource their network functions to the Data Center networks (DCNs). network service in NFV is deployed as a Service function Chain (SFC), which includes an ordered set of Virtual network functions (VNFs). However, in one SFC, the SFC delay increases linearly as the length of SFC increases. SFC parallelism can achieve high performance of SFC. In this article, we focus on the parallelized SFC placement problem in DCN considering availability guarantee and resource optimization. Firstly, we define the parallelized SFC and propose a multi-flow backup model. The parallelized SFC consists of multiple parallelized sub-SFCs. We split large data flow into multiple small sub-flows, each of them can be transmitted in one sub-SFC. The backup model provides backup sub-SFCs for working sub-SFCs to improve availability. Finally, we design three placement strategies and a Hybrid Placement Algorithm (HPA) aimed at mapping SFCs to DCN. Evaluation results show that our proposed solutions outperform the related work. We can reduce SFC delay (30%) and optimize link consumption (reduce 40%) while guaranteeing availability (99.999%).

关键词： Parallel processing Delays Virtual private networks Optimization Monitoring Firewalls (computing) Noise measurement network function virtualization service function chain placement parallel availability traffic

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On 5G-V2X Use Cases and Enabling Technologies: A Comprehensive Survey

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 107710-107737页

作者： Alalewi, Ahmad Dayoub, Iyad Cherkaoui, Soumaya Univ Lille CNRSInst Elect Microelect & Nanotechnol IEMN ISENDept Optoacoustoelect DOAE Cent LilleUMR 8520Univ Polytech Hauts France F-8520 Valenciennes France INSA Hauts De France F-59313 Valenciennes France Univ Sherbrooke Dept Elect & Comp Engn Sherbrooke PQ J1K 2R1 Canada

5G technologies promise faster connections, lower latency, higher reliability, more capacity and wider coverage. We are looking to rely on these technologies to achieve Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications, which increase the safety and autonomy of vehicles in addition to road safety, saving energy and costs. The integration of vehicular communication systems and 5G is the subject of many research. Nowadays, researchers address challenges such as automated and intelligent networks, cloud and edge data processing, network management, virtualization, security, privacy and finally interoperability. This paper provides a survey of the latest V2X use cases including requirements, and various 5G enabling technologies under consideration for vehicular communications. Subsequently, we first provide an interesting mapping between the three 5G pillars and V2X use case groups. Then, we present a summary of potential applications of enabling technologies for V2X use case groups. Finally, the open directions of research are discussed, and the challenges that await to be met are pointed out.

关键词： 5G mobile communication Vehicle-to-everything Standards Long Term Evolution Ultra reliable low latency communication Safety network function virtualization 5G V2X 3GPP use cases resource management NR SL NFV SDN network slicing C-RAN NOMA mmWave full-duplex

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