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Time-efficient distributed virtual network embedding for round-trip delay minimization

JOURNAL OF network AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2023年第1期217卷

作者： Dimolitsas, Ioannis Dechouniotis, Dimitrios Papavassiliou, Symeon Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Elect & Comp Engn 9 Iroon Polytech St GR-15780 Athnes Greece

Virtual network Embedding (VNE) aims at determining the placement of virtual services both internally in the edge/cloud infrastructure (EC) and distributed, among distinct ECs, under several resource and network constraints. With regard to network function virtualization technology, a virtual service is referred to as Virtual network function (VNF). Modern 5G applications related to the Internet of Things (IoT) are deployed as interconnected VNFs with specific execution sequence in the form of a Service function Chain (SFC), composing a Virtual network (VN), and the execution result has to be returned back to the original end-device. Thus, the minimization of the round-trip delay is of major importance to guarantee the performance requirements of IoTbased applications. Additionally, in such a dynamic environment, the re-optimization of VNE is often required to meet the network delay requirements due to end-device mobility, and other orchestration constraints related to the limited edge resources. In this paper, we propose a distributed VNE (DVNE) approach, which focuses on minimizing the round-trip delay. Initially, we introduce an algorithm, namely sV-VNM, that associates every VNF of the VN with a set of candidate ECs that can be hosted onto. Given this initial mapping, an efficient path-based algorithm, namely kSP-DVNE, is proposed to provide the DVNE solution, in polynomial time. Evaluation results show that the sV-VNM algorithm maps the VN onto the ECs, with decreased resource utilization within the infrastructure, while the kSP-DVNE achieves optimal or near optimal solutions regarding the round-trip delay minimization, with a significant reduction in the execution time, compared to existing relevant approaches in the literature.

关键词： Virtual network embedding network function virtualization Edge computing Service function chain Delay minimization

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PathSec: Path-Aware Secure Routing with Native Path Verification and Auditability

PathSec: Path-Aware Secure Routing with Native Path Verifica...

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IEEE Conference on network function virtualization and Software Defined networks (NFV-SDN)

作者： Magnos Martinello Roberta Lima Gomes Everson S. Borges Henrique Coutinho Layber Vitor B. Bonella Cristina K. Dominicini Rafael Guimarães Moisés Ribeiro Marinho Barcellos Department of Informatics Federal University of Espírito Santo Brazil Department of Informatics Federal Institute of Espírito Santo Brazil Department of Informatics University of Waikato New Zealand

ISBN: (数字)9798350380538

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380545

Selecting and verifying network paths for packet flows are fundamental for creating secure and efficient network architectures. These processes are essential for detecting and addressing anomalies, misconfigurations, or malicious activities, yet they remain challenging to implement effectively, even within a single administrative domain. To support a secure routing framework, it is necessary to: (i) select specific paths for packet flows, enabling "path awareness"; (ii) verify that packets follow the specified routes, ensuring adherence to the routing promise; and (iii) maintain tamper-proof audit records of path verification data. This paper introduces a novel path-aware secure routing approach based on Residue Number System (RNS) primitives, which enables both native path verification and auditability. Our method employs a lightweight multi-signature scheme built on simplified hash chain signatures, leveraging RNS-based native routing mechanisms. These signatures, which provide proofs of packet forwarding, are verified and recorded on a blockchain to ensure data integrity and prevent unauthorised tampering. A P4-based prototype demonstrates that our solution represents a viable hardware implementation for modern programmable switches.

关键词： Multiprotocol label switching Prototypes Programming Routing Regulation Hardware Blockchains network function virtualization Security Software defined networking

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KPI-Based Predictive Computational Resource Consumption in 5G Open RAN networks

KPI-Based Predictive Computational Resource Consumption in 5...

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IEEE Conference on network function virtualization and Software Defined networks (NFV-SDN)

作者： Jean Z. Correia Fuad M. Abinader Paulo Ricardo Branco da Silva Michel Bernado de Paiva Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Telecomunicações (CPQD) Campinas Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350380538

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380545

Adopting 5G network function virtualization (NFV) enables efficient resource management for high performance and reliability while meeting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards. We introduce a novel framework for predictive resource consumption in 5G Open Radio Access networks (Open RAN) using key performance indicators (KPIs). Using a testbed with real Open RAN components and 5G terminals, we collect KPI data and employ regression models to forecast computational resource consumption. Experimental results show strong relationships between selected KPIs and resource usage, enabling accurate predictions to optimize resource consumption, enhance network efficiency, and contribute to energy savings and cost reduction. These data-driven insights from real implementation highlight the potential of KPI-based predictive models in advancing 5G Open RAN systems, aiding network operators in improving their management strategies.

关键词： 5G mobile communication Computational modeling Linear regression Key performance indicator Open RAN Predictive models network function virtualization Resource management Random forests Monitoring

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DDoS Attacks Detection using Ensemble Learning

DDoS Attacks Detection using Ensemble Learning

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International Conference on Computing and networking Technology (ICCNT)

作者： Saumya Bhadauria Nidhi Aildasani Jai Prakash Kushwaha Himanshu Gauttam Dept. of CSE ABV-IIITM Gwalior India Dept. of IT ABV-IIITM Gwalior India

ISBN: (数字)9798350370249

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370270

The advancement of virtual networks such as cloud computing, Software-Defined networking (SDN), and network functions virtualization (NFV) has enabled seamless access to information globally, providing on-the-go services and improving operational efficiency. However, these advancements also present significant threats to the security of information and data on these virtual networks due to their interconnected nature and large attack surface. Among these threats, Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks are one of the most frequent threats to network security that cause severe damage, which hamper network performance. In a DDoS attack, the attacker overwhelms network resources on the victim’s side by sending a massive number of packets or connection requests to the server using bots, thereby disrupting the server’s functionality. The existing works explore only single supervised learning algorithms or a comparison of multiple individual classifiers for DDoS attack detection, which limits their effectiveness in handling diverse attack patterns. To address this limitation, our work proposes an ensemble learning approach that combines multiple supervised machine learning techniques to combat DDoS attacks. Specifically, our ensemble learning framework integrates Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and AdaBoost techniques to detect and identify different DDoS attacks effectively.

关键词： Support vector machines Machine learning algorithms Supervised learning Denial-of-service attack network function virtualization Classification algorithms Ensemble learning Software defined networking Random forests Unsupervised learning

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An FPTAS for Shortest-Longest Path Problem

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Jianwei School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University Kunming650500 China

Motivated by multi-domain service function chain (SFC) orchestration, we define the shortest-longest path (SLP) problem, prove its hardness, and design an efficient fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) using the dynamic programming (DP) and scaling and rounding (SR) techniques to compute an approximation solution with provable performance guarantee. The SLP problem and its solution algorithm have theoretical significance in multicriteria optimization and also have application potential in QoS routing and multi-domain network resource allocation scenarios. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： network function virtualization

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A Multi-contrast Cardiac MRI Reconstruction Method Using an Advanced Unrolled network Architecture 15th

A Multi-contrast Cardiac MRI Reconstruction Method Using an ...

引用

15th International Workshop on Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart, STACOM 2024, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2024

作者： Zhang, Yajing Huang, Yanxin Xu, Zhixin Qi, Jin University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031877551

This paper introduces a deep learning-based approach for reconstructing multi-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance images (CMRI) from highly undersampled k-space data. Traditional methods, such as parallel imaging and compressed sensing, often suffer from slow reconstruction times and limited acceleration rates. To address these challenges, we propose an advanced unrolled network architecture that separately optimizes low-frequency and high-frequency components, leveraging diverse information from k-space, the image domain, and temporal sequences. This method demonstrates robust performance across various imaging sequences and anatomical views, including long-axis, short-axis, and aortic views. The proposed approach, evaluated on the CMRxRecon challenge dataset, effectively improves image quality while maintaining clinical interpretability. Our results show improvements in PSNR, SSIM metrics compared to traditional methods, highlighting the potential of this approach to enhance CMRI reconstruction and expand its clinical applicability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： network function virtualization

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An extensible network slicing framework for satellite integration into 5G

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND networkING 2021年第4期39卷 339-357页

作者： Drif, Youssouf Chaput, Emmanuel Lavinal, Emmanuel Berthou, Pascal Tiomela Jou, Boris Gremillet, Olivier Arnal, Fabrice IRT St Exupery Smart Technol Dept Toulouse France Inst Rech Informat Toulouse Toulouse France Lab Anal & Architecture Syst Toulouse France Airbus Def & Space E2E Syst Connect & Ground Syst Dept Toulouse France

With the imminent deployment of the 5th generation (5G) mobile network in the nonstand-alone version, some researches focus on network slicing to fully exploit the 5G infrastructure and achieve a highest level of flexibility in the network. This level of flexibility offered by the network slicing paradigm also fits the need of satellite networks in which satellite network operators (SNOs) want to offer 5G connectivity services additionally to the traditional satellite connectivity. However, the work that has been done so far for network slicing in 5G does not directly apply to satellite networks due to satellite architecture specificities and thus needs to be extended. We extend the work on network slicing and this paper proposes a novel Satellite Slicing Framework in order to fully exploit the satellite infrastructure and to facilitate the integration of satellite services into 5G. Our framework includes defining, modeling, orchestrating, and deploying multiple satellite network slices and their associated network services on top of mutualized satellite infrastructures.

关键词： network function virtualization network slicing satellite networks software-defined networking

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Research on Construction Scheme of Cloud Platform for Core network Equipment of Railway 5G Private network

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Chinese Railways 2023年第1期 54-61页

作者： LIU Lihai XI Min DING Jianwen QIAN Jun Communication&Signaling Design and Research Institute China Railway SIYUAN Survey and Design Group Co Ltd. ZTE Corporation Key Laboratory of Railway Industry of Broadband Mobile Information Communication Beijing Jiaotong University National Research Center of Railway Safety Assessment Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications Beijing Jiaotong University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Frontier Science Center of Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University 不详

This paper studies and analyzes the rigorous requirements of railway 5G private network core network(5GC)equipment based on network function virtualization(NFV)technology in terms of reliability,security,latency and other aspects of communication cloud,compares cloud platform schemes with different decoupling modes,and proposes that railway 5GC should be implemented by software and hardware integration scheme or software and hardware two-layer decoupling *** the same time,the redundancy and disaster recovery schemes and measures that can be taken by 5GC based on cloud platform are ***,taking the products of ZTE Corporation as an example,the implementation architecture of railway 5GC cloud platform in 1+1 redundancy mode is *** serves as a reference for the engineering construction of 5G-R core network.

关键词： 5GC 5G-R core network equipment decoupling network function virtualization cloud platform

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Optimizing 5G network Slices: LSTM and Game Theory Synergy

Optimizing 5G Network Slices: LSTM and Game Theory Synergy

引用

2025 International Conference on Computing, networking and Communications, ICNC 2025

作者： Samson, Emmanuel J Hasan, Kamrul Hong, Liang Ahmed, Imtiaz Onyeka, Henry Shetty, Sachin Tennessee State University NashvilleTN United States Howard University WashingtonDC United States Old Dominion University NorfolkVA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520960

Advancements in fifth generation (5G) technology have seen a rise in adapting network slicing (NS) to differentiate the services offered in different network segments due to differences in performance requirements and traffic characteristics. With the growing demand for network automation, several works have explored the concepts of intelligent network slicing. This work, however, demonstrates an approach to traffic prediction that informs network function (NF) resource demands based on the traffic pattern studied in the network slices (NSs). Using traffic volume as the basis for sharing resources among NFs in the NSs, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm is used to study and predict the traffic patterns. This prediction is then used as input to the resources allocation algorithm, that is based on game theory, where the resources are allocated dynamically and fairly amongst the NSs. The work demonstrates a foundation on which all other resources allocation-in the Radio Access network (RAN), Transport network (TN), and Core network (CN)-can be based on to formulate strategic resource sharing amongst NFs. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： network function virtualization

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Reliability and Availability in Virtualized networks: A Survey on Standards, Modeling Approaches, and Research Challenges

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Mauro, Mario Di Cerroni, Walter Postiglione, Fabio Tornatore, Massimo Trivedi, Kishor S. University of Salerno Italy Italy Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering "G. Marconi " University of Bologna Italy Politecnico di Milano Italy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University United States

The rise of network function virtualization (NFV) has transformed network infrastructures by replacing fixed hardware with software-based Virtualized network functions (VNFs), enabling greater agility, scalability, and cost efficiency. While inspired by cloud computing innovations, this shift introduces new challenges in ensuring reliability and availability. virtualization increases the distribution of system components and introduces stronger interdependencies. As a result, failures become harder to predict, monitor, and manage compared to traditional monolithic networks. Reliability, i.e. the ability of a system to perform regularly under specified conditions, and availability, i.e. the probability of a system of being ready to use, are critical requirements that must be guaranteed to maintain seamless network operations. Accurate modeling of these aspects is crucial for designing robust, fault-tolerant virtualized systems that can withstand service disruptions, ensuring continuous user access. Accordingly, this survey focuses on reliability and availability attributes of virtualized networks from a modeling perspective. After introducing the NFV standard architecture and basic definitions, we discuss the standardization efforts of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), which provides guidelines, recommendations, and architectural solutions through a series of standard documents focusing on reliability and availability (denoted by the acronym ETSI-REL). Next, we explore several formalisms proposed in the literature for characterizing reliability and availability, with a focus on their application to modeling the failure and repair behavior of virtualized networks through practical examples. As a relevant contribution, we overview numerous references demonstrating how different authors adopt specific methods to characterize reliability and/or availability of architectural components in a virtualized network system. Moreover, we present a selec

关键词： network function virtualization

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