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network algorithm for the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles

BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL 2003年第4期45卷 471-490页

作者： Aoki, S Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan

We propose a new technique for the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportion that considerably extends the bounds of computational feasibility. Our algorithm is constructed analogously to the network algorithm for Freeman-Halton exact test in two-way contingency tables. In this algorithm, the smallest and the largest values for the statistic are important and some interesting new theorems are proved for computing these values. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the practicality of our algorithm.

关键词： allele frequencies conditional reference set exact tests Hardy-Weinberg multiple alleles network algorithm

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network algorithm real-time depth image 3D human recognition for augmented reality

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JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING 2021年第2期18卷 307-319页

作者： Huang, Renyong Sun, Mingyi Xihua Univ Sch Literature & Journalism Chengdu 610000 Peoples R China Chengdu Normal Univ Sch Comp Sci Chengdu 610000 Peoples R China

This paper studies the application of augmented reality real-time depth image technology to 3D human motion recognition technology. The accuracy and real-time performance of sensor-based 3D human reconstruction are affected by visual characteristics and illumination changes. Features are not easily extracted and cannot be tracked, leading to failures in the 3D reconstruction of the human body. Based on this system, the sensor-based visual inertial initialization algorithm is studied, which is integrated in the two-frame image time interval to provide accurate initial values for vision-based motion estimation, improve the accuracy of the calculated posture, and finally improve the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction system. Based on the relationship between the depth image and the distance and reflectivity, a model for correcting the distance error and reflectivity error of the depth image is established to improve the accuracy of the depth image, and finally the accuracy of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the human body.

关键词： Real-time depth image Augmented reality network algorithm 3D human recognition

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A major improvement to the network algorithm for Fisher's Exact Test in 2xc contingency tables

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COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS 2006年第2期51卷 490-498页

作者： Requena, F. Ciudad, N. Martin Univ Granada Dept Stat & OR E-18071 Granada Spain Univ Extremadura Dept Math Caceres Spain

Based on the network algorithm proposed by Mehta and Patel for Fisher's Exact Test on 2 x c contingency tables, the relations between maximum subpath lengths are studied. A recurrence relation between maximum subpath lengths is obtained and an ordering of the maximum path lengths is established. Based on these results, some modifications in the network algorithm for 2 x c tables are proposed. These modifications produce a drastic reduction in computation time which in some cases is higher than 99.5% compared to StatXact-5. Moreover, and with purely practical objectives, a grouping in intervals of subpath lengths of the network algorithm is proposed which enable us to obtain the p-value with a limited number of exact figures which is more than sufficient in practice, while with a drastic reduction in the amount of memory required and additional reductions in computational time. The proposed modifications are valid for any 2 x c contingency table, and are compatible with other improvements already proposed for the network algorithm, and especially with the Hybrid algorithm of Mehta and Patel. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： network algorithm Fisher's Exact Test 2 x c contingency table multivariate hypergeometric distribution

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A network algorithm for the X chromosomal exact test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with multiple alleles

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MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES 2021年第5期21卷 1547-1557页

作者： Graffelman, Jan Ortoleva, Leonardo Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Stat & Operat Res Carrer Jordi Girona 1-3 ES-08034 Barcelona Spain Univ Washington Dept Biostat Seattle WA 98195 USA Politecn Torino Dept Control & Comp Engn Turin Italy

Statistical methodology for testing the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at X chromosomal variants has recently experienced considerable development. Up to a few years ago, testing X chromosomal variants for equilibrium was basically done by applying autosomal test procedures to females only. At present, male alleles can be taken into account in asymptotic and exact test procedures for both the bi- and multiallelic case. However, current X chromosomal exact procedures for multiple alleles rely on a classical full enumeration algorithm and are computationally expensive, and in practice not feasible for more than three alleles. In this article, we extend the autosomal network algorithm for exact Hardy-Weinberg testing with multiple alleles to the X chromosome, achieving considerable reduction in computation times for multiallelic variants with up to five alleles. The performance of the X chromosomal network algorithm is assessed in a simulation study. Beyond four alleles, a permutation test is, in general, the more feasible approach. A detailed description of the algorithm is given, and examples of X chromosomal indels and microsatellites are discussed.

关键词： Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium indel microsatellite network algorithm permutation test X chromosome

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The Anatomy of the SARS-CoV-2 Biomedical Literature: Introducing the CovidX network algorithm for Drug Repurposing Recommendation

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH 2020年第8期22卷 e21169页

作者： Gates, Lyndsey Elaine Hamed, Ahmed Abdeen Norwich Univ Sch Nursing Northfield VT 05663 USA Norwich Univ Sch Cybersecur Data Sci & Comp 158 Harmon Dr Northfield VT 05663 USA

Background: Driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and the dire need to discover an antiviral drug, we explored the landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 biomedical publications to identify potential treatments. Objective: The aims of this study are to identify off-label drugs that may have benefits for the coronavirus disease pandemic, present a novel ranking algorithm called CovidX to recommend existing drugs for potential repurposing, and validate the literature-based outcome with drug knowledge available in clinical trials. Methods: To achieve such objectives, we applied natural language processing techniques to identify drugs and linked entities (eg, disease, gene, protein, chemical compounds). When such entities are linked, they form a map that can be further explored using network science tools. The CovidX algorithm was based upon a notion that we called "diversity." A diversity score for a given drug was calculated by measuring how "diverse" a drug is calculated using various biological entities (regardless of the cardinality of actual instances in each category). The algorithm validates the ranking and awards those drugs that are currently being investigated in open clinical trials. The rationale behind the open clinical trial is to provide a validating mechanism of the PubMed results. This ensures providing up to date evidence of the fast development of this disease. Results: From the analyzed biomedical literature, the algorithm identified 30 possible drug candidates for repurposing, ranked them accordingly, and validated the ranking outcomes against evidence from clinical trials. The top 10 candidates according to our algorithm are hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, chloroquine, ritonavir, losartan, remdesivir, favipiravir, methylprednisolone, rapamycin, and tilorone dihydrochloride. Conclusions: The ranking shows both consistency and promise in identifying drugs that can be repurposed. We believe, however, the full treatment to be a multifaceted, adjuvant approach where

关键词： health informatics COVID-19 treatment drug repurposing network algorithm ranking drug biomedical antiviral COVID-19

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A network algorithm FOR THE EXACT TREATMENT OF THE 2XK CONTINGENCY TABLE

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COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS PART B-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION 1980年第6期9卷 649-664页

作者： MEHTA, CR PATEL, NR INDIAN INST MANAGEMENT AHMEDABAD 380015GUJARATINDIA

A common statistical problem encountered in biomedical research is to test the hypothesis that the parameters of k binomial populations are all equal. An exact test of significance of this hypothesis is possible in principle, the appropriate null distribution being a normalized product of k binomial coefficients. However, the problem of computing the tail area of this distribution can be formidable since it requires the enumeration of all sets of k binomial coefficients whose product is less than a given constant. Existing algorithms, all of which rely on explicit enumeration to generate feasible binomial coefficients

关键词： contingency tables Fisher's exact test of significance binary data analysis network algorithm implicit enumeration dynamic programming

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Media Personalized Recommendation System Based on network algorithm 6

Media Personalized Recommendation System Based on Network Al...

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6th IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IEEE IAEAC)

作者： Jiang, Wendan Yangtze Univ Sch Arts & Media Wuhan 430199 Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665458641

ISBN: (纸本)9781665458641

With information overload, a new feature of the Internet, a large amount of irrelevant, useless and redundant information on Weibo seriously interferes with people's accurate selection of required information. Users need to accurately and quickly obtain the marketing content they need through the media personalized recommendation system. This paper designs a media personalized recommendation system based on network algorithm, discusses the functional requirements of media personalized recommendation and the classification of personalized recommendation system based on network algorithm. Through the experimental test of the media personalized recommendation system, taking Weibo as an example, the data ratio between the number of effective recommendations and several users in each category is tested. The test results show that the correspondence rate between the information recommendation results and user interests of the personalized recommendation system studied in this paper is 79.7%, which indicates that the interest analysis of the user model of the media personalized recommendation system designed in this paper is more accurate. The validity of the algorithm is verified.

关键词： network algorithm Media Personalized Recommendation System System Design

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A network management algorithm and protocol for improving QoE in mobile IPTV

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第15期35卷 1855-1870页

作者： Lloret, Jaime Canovas, Alejandro Tomas, Jesus Atenas, Marcelo Univ Politecn Valencia Valencia 46022 Spain

Last improvements on video codecs, jointly with the use of optimized transport protocols, have brought us to provide IPTV in wireless networks. Moreover, cellular phone users are being accustomed to have all Internet services in the mobile device, through 3G or WiFi technology, with the same quality of experience (QoE) than in any desktop computer or laptop with broadband Internet connection. In this paper we present a network management algorithm and protocol for ubiquitous networks based on the QoE of the end user. First, we explain the developed protocol and algorithm, that uses the information provided by the mobile device and the bandwidth, jitter, delay and packet loss of the end user, in order to decide which is the most appropriate video features and the best coding technique to deliver the video streams. A video controller server decides which video server, from a farm of servers, is the best one for each case. We show the algorithm performance when each coding technique is changed in the server due to transcoding process, and the network performance in terms of jitter, delay and lost packets received by the end user when each coding technique is selected by the video controller server. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile IPTV Multimedia streaming network algorithm network protocol

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A network algorithm for performing fisher’s exact test in r × c contingency tables

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Journal of the American Statistical Association 1983年第382期78卷 427-434页

作者： Mehta, Cyrus R. Patel, Nitin R. Harvard School of Public Health and Dana Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA 02115 44 Binney Street United States Indian Institute of Management Vastrapur Ahmedabad 380-015 India

An exact test of significance of the hypothesis that the row and column effects are independent in an r × c contingency table can be executed in principle by generalizing Fisher’s exact treatment of the 2 × 2 contingency table. Each table in a conditional reference set of r × c tables with fixed marginal sums is assigned a generalized hypergeometric probability. The significance level is then computed by summing the probabilities of all tables that are no larger (on the probability scale) than the observed table. However, the computational effort required to generate all r × c contingency tables with fixed marginal sums severely limits the use of Fisher’s exact test. A novel technique that considerably extends the bounds of computational feasibility of the exact test is proposed here. The problem is transformed into one of identifying all paths through a directed acyclic network that equal or exceed a fixed length. Some interesting new optimization theorems are developed in the process. The numerical results reveal that for sparse contingency tables Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s χ² test frequently lead to contradictory inferences concerning row and column independence. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Conditional reference set Contingency tables Exact tests Fisher’s exact test Implicit enumeration network algorithm Permutation distribution R × c contingency tables

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Applying network analysis and Nebula (neighbor-edges based and unbiased leverage algorithm) to ToxCast data

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ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016年第0期89-90卷 81-92页

作者： Ye, Hao Luo, Heng Ng, Hui Wen Meehan, Joe Ge, Weigong Tong, Weida Hong, Huixiao US FDA Div Bioinformat & Biostat Natl Ctr Toxicol Res 3900 NCTR Rd Jefferson AR 72079 USA

Background: ToxCast data have been used to develop models for predicting in vivo toxicity. To predict the in vivo toxicity of a new chemical using a ToxCast data based model, its ToxCast bioactivity data are needed but not normally available. The capability of predicting ToxCast bioactivity data is necessary to fully utilize ToxCast data in the risk assessment of chemicals. Objectives: We aimed to understand and elucidate the relationships between the chemicals and bioactivity data of the assays in ToxCast and to develop a network analysis based method for predicting ToxCast bioactivity data. Methods: We conducted modularity analysis on a quantitative network constructed from ToxCast data to explore the relationships between the assays and chemicals. We further developed Nebula (neighbor-edges based and unbiased leverage algorithm) for predicting ToxCast bioactivity data. Results: Modularity analysis on the network constructed from ToxCast data yielded seven modules. Assays and chemicals in the seven modules were distinct Leave-one-out cross-validation yielded a Q(2) of 0.5416, indicating ToxCast bioactivity data can be predicted by Nebula. Prediction domain analysis showed some types of ToxCast assay data could be more reliably predicted by Nebula than others. Conclusions: network analysis is a promising approach to understand ToxCast data. Nebula is an effective algorithm for predicting ToxCast bioactivity data, helping fully utilize ToxCast data in the risk assessment of chemicals. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： ToxCast Environmental toxicity network algorithm Nebula

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