Joint design of compressed sensing (CS) and network coding (NC) has been demonstrated to provide a new data gathering paradigm for multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs). By exploiting the correlation of the networ...
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Joint design of compressed sensing (CS) and network coding (NC) has been demonstrated to provide a new data gathering paradigm for multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs). By exploiting the correlation of the network sensed data, a variety of data gathering schemes based on NC and CS (Compressed Data Gathering-CDG) have been proposed. However, these schemes assume that the sparsity of the network sensed data is constant and the value of the sparsity is known before starting each data gathering epoch, thus they ignore the variation of the data observed by the WSNs which are deployed in practical circumstances. In this paper, we present a complete design of the feedback CDG scheme where the sink node adaptively queries those interested nodes to acquire an appropriate number of measurements. The adaptive measurement-formation procedure and its termination rules are proposed and analyzed in detail. Moreover, in order to minimize the number of overall transmissions in the formation procedure of each measurement, we have developed a NP-complete model (Maximum Leaf Nodes Minimum Steiner Nodes-MLMS) and realized a scalable greedy algorithm to solve the problem. Experimental results show that the proposed measurement-formation method outperforms previous schemes, and experiments on both datasets from ocean temperature and practical network deployment also prove the effectiveness of our proposed feedback CDG scheme.
Energy efficiency techniques is a important subject for Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs), that have received extensive attention from academic and industrial societies to reduce energy consumption and improve network l...
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Energy efficiency techniques is a important subject for Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs), that have received extensive attention from academic and industrial societies to reduce energy consumption and improve network lifetime. The network coding methods is one of the techniques that can help to improve some issues of WSNs such as load balancing, reliability and lifetime. This paper proposes a coding solution as an algorithm for reducing energy consumption in WSNs to prolong the lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm increases network throughput and energy efficiency.
network coding consists of intelligently aggregating data packets by means of binary or linear combinations. Recently, network coding has been proposed as a complementary solution for energy efficient multi-hop routin...
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network coding consists of intelligently aggregating data packets by means of binary or linear combinations. Recently, network coding has been proposed as a complementary solution for energy efficient multi-hop routing in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs). This is because network coding, through the aggregation of packets, considerably reduces the number of transmissions throughout the network. Although numerous network coding techniques for energy efficient routing have been developed in the literature, not much is known about a single survey article reporting on such energy efficient network coding within multi-hop WSNs. As a result, this paper addresses this gap by first classifying and discussing the recent developed energy efficient network coding techniques. The paper then identifies and explains open research opportunities based on analysis of merits of such techniques. This survey aims at providing the reader with a brief and concise idea on the current state-of-art research on network coding mainly focusing on its applications for energy efficient WSNs.
network coding (NC) is a recent technique which is used to improve the transmission data rate and the power efficiency. These goals are obtained by combining data together before transmitting them, resulting to less t...
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network coding (NC) is a recent technique which is used to improve the transmission data rate and the power efficiency. These goals are obtained by combining data together before transmitting them, resulting to less transmitted data that carry the same amount of information. NC research work over the physical layer and the upper layers are popular and needed to be more investigated. In this paper, we propose a practical system of large-number of connected multi-source network coding (LMSNC), at the physical layer that exploits the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, using the practical and bandwidth-efficient schemes decode-and-forward (DF) and then compare it with Amplify and Forward (AF). The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show the effect of the noise when it cumulates in AF system and how DF is solving this severe default. Moreover, we consider the MSNC for Small-number of connected sources (SMSNC) and the two-way communication setup where two users exchange their information over an intermediate network node (ideally called Base Station), as two reference cases to compare with. With SMSNC, the number of necessary downlink transmissions from the intermediate node to the users is reduced, and thus the throughput is increased. Simulation results obtained using high-performance non-binary turbo codes, based on Partial Unit Memory (PUM) codes (4, 2, 1, 4) and (8, 4, 3, 8);confirm that combining PUM Turbo Code (PUMTC) and NC in the proposed MSNC setup gives almost the same BER performance as that for SMSNC at the small number of processing steps mainly when PUMTC (8, 4, 3, 8) is performed, which is required to retrieve the received coded messages. In the scenario of AF, combining packets results to cumulate the noise, which justifies the reason we decided to increase the number of transmitted coded messages in the network, i.e., the BER performance improves when sending extra coded messages. Finally, the possibility for a trade-off among BER, da
For the relay cooperation systems or networks, in some scenarios, the relay is deployed in the hard-to-reach areas, such as on the remote mountains or in the sea. It is impractical for the relay to be powered by grid ...
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For the relay cooperation systems or networks, in some scenarios, the relay is deployed in the hard-to-reach areas, such as on the remote mountains or in the sea. It is impractical for the relay to be powered by grid energy. And if the relay is powered by battery, it is difficult and high cost to replace the depleted battery. To overcome the power dependence of the relay, this article proposes the network-coding-based two-way relay cooperation with energy harvesting, where the relay is equipped with multiple antennas for information decoding and energy harvesting. network coding is adopted at the relay to reduce the time slots, and low-density parity check codes are employed at the sources to improve the reliability. We introduce a maximal ratio combining-based decoding algorithm for the proposed system to achieve coding gain and diversity gain. Furthermore, we analyze the outage probability and bit error rate of the system when the optimal antenna selection algorithm is adopted at the relay to transmit data. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms the corresponding point-to-point system under the same condition. The result also demonstrates that the relay should be deployed closer to the user whose outage probability is required to be lower.
Opportunistic data forwarding significantly increases the throughput in multi-hop wireless mesh networks by utilizing the broadcast nature of wireless transmissions and the fluctuation of link qualities. network codin...
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Opportunistic data forwarding significantly increases the throughput in multi-hop wireless mesh networks by utilizing the broadcast nature of wireless transmissions and the fluctuation of link qualities. network coding strengthens the robustness of data transmissions over unreliable wireless links. However, opportunistic data forwarding and network coding are rarely incorporated with TCP because the frequent occurrences of out-of-order packets in opportunistic data forwarding and long decoding delay in network coding overthrow TCP's congestion control. In this paper, we propose a solution dubbed TCPFender, which supports opportunistic data forwarding and network coding in TCP. Our solution adds an adaptation layer to mask the packet loss caused by wireless link errors and provides early positive feedbacks to trigger a larger congestion window for TCP. This adaptation layer functions over the network layer and reduces the delay of ACKs for each coded packet. The simulation results show that TCPFender significantly outperforms TCP/IP in terms of the network throughput in different topologies of wireless networks.
We consider linear network erro correction (LNEC) coding when errors may occur on the edges of a communication network of which the topology is known. In this paper, we first present a framework of additive adversaria...
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We consider linear network erro correction (LNEC) coding when errors may occur on the edges of a communication network of which the topology is known. In this paper, we first present a framework of additive adversarial network for LNEC coding, and then prove the equivalence of two well-known LNEC coding approaches, which can be unified under this framework. Furthermore, by developing a graph-theoretic approach, we obtain a significantly enhanced characterization of the error correction capability of LNEC codes in terms of the minimum distances at the sink nodes. Specifically, in order to ensure that an LNEC code can correct up to r errors at a sink node t, it suffices to ensure that this code can correct every error vector in a reduced set of error vectors;and on the other hand, this LNEC code in fact can correct every error vector in an enlarged set of error vectors. In general, the size of this reduced set is considerably smaller than the number of error vectors with Hamming weight not larger than r, and the size of this enlarged set is considerably larger than the same number. This result has the important implication that the computational complexities for decoding and for code construction can be significantly reduced.
network coding technology has solved the problem that traditional routers only for simple store-and-forward data and data transfer rate cannot achieve the maximum network transmission flow. network coding optimization...
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network slicing has emerged as an integral concept in 5G, aiming to partition the physical network infrastructure into isolated slices, customized for specific applications. We theoretically formulate the key performa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350304060;9798350304053
network slicing has emerged as an integral concept in 5G, aiming to partition the physical network infrastructure into isolated slices, customized for specific applications. We theoretically formulate the key performance metrics of an application, in terms of goodput and delivery delay, at a cost of network resources in terms of bandwidth. We explore an un-coded communication protocol that uses feedback-based repetitions, and a coded protocol, implementing random linear network coding and using coding-aware acknowledgments. We find that coding reduces the resource demands of a slice to meet the requirements for an application, thereby serving more applications efficiently. Coded slices thus free up resources for other slices, be they coded or not. Based on these results, we propose a hybrid approach, wherein coding is introduced selectively in certain network slices. This approach not only facilitates a smoother transition from un-coded systems to coded systems but also reduces costs across all slices. Theoretical findings in this paper are validated and expanded upon through real-time simulations of the network.
In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient solution for implementing network coding (NC) in wireless networks based on the IEEE 802.11 Standard. The proposed mechanism, called GreenCode, allows nodes to duty cycle ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479959525
In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient solution for implementing network coding (NC) in wireless networks based on the IEEE 802.11 Standard. The proposed mechanism, called GreenCode, allows nodes to duty cycle by switching to a low-power (sleep) state when they overhear coded packet transmissions that will not provide any new information for them. To facilitate the sleep operation, bidirectional transmissions involving both coded and non-coded packets between pairs of sender-receiver nodes are integrated into the operation of GreenCode. Both analytical and simulation results presented in this paper show the high energy efficiency of GreenCode with gains of up to 360% when compared to the existing mechanisms based on the IEEE 802.11 Standard.*
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